Ifilosofi yezenhlalakahle yisayensi engacabangi nje kuphela ubudlelwane bomphakathi nezwe elizungezile, kodwa futhi nokubonakaliswa kwezici zokuziphatha kwabantu. Kungenxa yomphakathi kuwo wonke ubuciko bawo, ukubizwa kwezinhlobo zabantu zobuntu kusiza umsebenzi wezengqondo zengqondo ezindaweni eziningi zomsebenzi.
Iyini "ifilosofi yomphakathi"?
Ifilosofi yomphakathi iyigatsha lesayensi eliphendula umbuzo walokho umphakathi ukhona, futhi yikuphi indawo echazwe kuwo kumuntu, yiziphi amaphetheni angalandelwa, nokuthi umphakathi ukhula kanjani esimweni sesistimu. Le sayensi yaqala ukubonakala ezweni lakaMandulo, kepha ngesikhathi esithile ehlukene lafumana amagama amaningana:
- ukuziphatha;
- ifilosofi yezombangazwe;
- ifilosofi yomlando.
Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni, njengezesayensi ezizimele, ehlanganisiwe kuphela ngekhulu le-19, igama elithi "ifilosofi yenhlalo" laqala ukukhulunywa ngumFulentshi u-Auguste Cohn. Uma umphakathi uboniswa njengesixhumanisi phakathi kwabantu kulezi zibonakaliso njengemali, ulimi, isimo nomndeni, izinkinga eziyinhloko ezixazululwa yizesayensi njengalokhu:
- Ukuxhumana phakathi komphakathi nomuntu.
- Ithonya lomuntu emphakathini.
Imisebenzi yefilosofi yenhlalo
Ifilosofi yezenhlalakahle ihlale ifuna ukuchaza nokuqonda impilo ehlangene yabantu, ukuveza isithombe esiphelele sezwe, umphakathi kanye nobuntu. Lesi sayensi sisetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kwenkinga, futhi imibono emisha iyadingeka. Ososayensi bathi inhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle igcina indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ibheka isakhiwo somphakathi - umndeni, ubumbano, ubuntu, nezombusazwe, izinto ezingokomoya, izinto ezibonakalayo, isimo sezwe lonke.
Indima yenhlalo yefilosofi inqunywa imisebenzi emihlanu:
- Ukuqonda . Uhlola indlela ukucabangela umphakathi kanye nokuxhumeka ngayo.
- Ukuxilonga . Ihlaziya izinketho zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi.
- Ukubikezela . Ithuthukisa izinhlelo zamasasa ezingabangela ukuphikisana nezingxabano emphakathini.
- Ezemfundo . Inikeza izihloko zokutadisha ososayensi nabafundi.
- Projective . Uthuthukisa amaphrojekthi okushintsha isimo sangempela ngaphakathi kwezinto ezithile zeqembu noma isizwe esithile.
Izindlela zefilosofi yenhlalo
Izindlela zanamuhla zefilosofi yezenhlalakahle ziye zasiza abacwaningi ukuthi bangaqapheli kuphela izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa okungenzeka kwezimo zezombangazwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi bakhanyise izinhlobo zobuntu. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu kwabangqondo bezokwelapha kanye nabahlaziyi bomsebenzi ngabanye kanye nabahlangene nabantu. Namuhla izindlela ezinjalo eziyisisekelo zenziwe:
- Ukuqapha okuvunyelwe . Umcwaningi uqaliswa ekuhlanganyeleni, njengomunye wabasebenzi noma izishoshovu zokuhamba, ukwenza isithombe sangaphakathi. Okuncane: akunakwenzeka ukuthonya inkambo yenqubo.
- Ukuhlolwa komphakathi . Ukutadisha into into yezimo ezidalwa ngokukhethekile. Ngaphezu: ungaphinda ubuyekeze lesi simo izikhathi eziningi zokuhlanzeka kokuhlolwa. Okuncane: ukwehluka okunamandla kwezindlela zokulinga nezesiphambeko. Kuhlanganisa ukufanekisela isimo lapho into ingatholakali noma isimo sibikezelwa kuphela.
Izinhlobo zenhlalo zobuntu kwifilosofi
Izinkolelo zefilosofi zenze kube lula ukuchaza izinhlobo eziningana zobuntu zobuntu . Isayensi ibheka izikhundla ezimbili: ngesimiso somphakathi kanye nesimiso sokuthembela komuntu ngenkululeko. Isikhundla sokuqala simelela izinhlobo:
- Izibalo . Abantu abanamakhono amaningi, okuthandwa yibo emphakathini - endaweni yokuqala.
- Ukuhlakanipha . Abantu bokudala kwamahhala bahlale befuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa umhlaba.
- Ama-aesthetes . Abamele ubuciko abaqaphela kahle zonke izici zokweqiniso.
- Humanists . Unesihawu, unqume ukusindisa umphakathi kusuka ekubonisweni okubi.
Isikhundla sesibili sibheka izinketho ezinjalo:
- Ukuxhomeke ezimfuno zomphakathi , isibonelo esicacile ukuhlanganiswa kwekhulu lama-20.
- Kuxhomeke ekuzibophezelweni komuntu siqu kuzihlobo noma emphakathini.
- Ubuntu obukhululekile . Izenzo ngaphandle kokubheka noma yimiphi imithetho nemibono.
Umqashi
Umuntu efilosofi yezenhlalakahle ubhekwa njengamanje ngesimo sokuziphatha, omunye wabo ungumqashi. Ubuntu obungeke bube khona ngaphandle kokubambisana, badinga ukuba njalo phakathi kwezehlakalo. Banobuhlungu, abakhulume ngokuqinile abaqoqi bezinhlangano bahlonishwa kakhulu emaqenjini omphakathi, ngoba:
- bayakwazi ukulalela nokudweba iziphetho ezifanele;
- bayakwazi ukuhlela iqembu nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi;
- bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa imibono emisha;
- kungadonsela abanye, ukubeka ubudlelwane phakathi kweqembu kuya ekahle;
- bayakwazi ukuthonya iqoqo, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuntu ezinkingeni eziyimfihlo.
I-individualist
Umuntu ozibandakanya ngokubambisana uyinto evamile, umuntu onjalo angasebenza eqenjini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uzigcina eyedwa. Ngokuvamile abantu abanamakhono, kodwa abantu abangashadile, konke kuxhomeke ekungenikeni. Imisebenzi yabo iyoba usizo emphakathini uma:
- uzoba nomsebenzi womsebenzi othile othize, ngaphandle kokubandakanya abanye abantu;
- ukuhlukanisa nabalingani babo ngeke kungene ezindabeni zokubambisana;
I-Solidarist
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lobuntu, isici kunoma yimuphi umphakathi - i-solidarist. Ubuntu be-solidarist efilosofi yenhlalakahle luhlobo lwe-symbiosis emkhatsini we-collectivist kanye nomuntu ngamunye. Babizwa ngokuthi ama-philistines - izinhlobo ezizama ukuhlala phakathi okuphakathi. Izici zobuntu obunjalo:
- ubona kokubili ukulingana kwabantu, kanye nelungelo likahulumeni ekuhlukaneni komphakathi;
- ufuna ukuba nobuhle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - bukhoma enjabulweni;
- izama ukuzimela , ngaphandle kokulahla ekuziphenduleleni ukugcwalisa ukungakhathaleli izinkinga zabanye.