Ukungena kwezinto njengendlela yokutadisha i-psyche kuqala kuqinisekiswa nguJokie Locke. Le nqubo ukugcina ingqondo yakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amazinga namathuluzi. Kusho ukutadisha ngokujulile nokuqaphela ubuntu bomsebenzi wakho siqu: imicabango, imizwa, izithombe, izinqubo zokucabanga, njll.
Inzuzo yendlela ukuthi akekho okwazi ukwazi umuntu kangcono kunokuba yena. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwe-introspection kuyi-subjectivity kanye nokuzikhethela.
Kuze kube sekhulwini le-19, indlela yokuzibonela yona yindlela kuphela yokucwaninga kwengqondo. Ngaleso sikhathi izazi zengqondo zithembele kulezi zimfundiso ezilandelayo:
- izinqubo eziqaphelayo azikwazi ukuvela ngaphandle;
- izinqubo zokuqaphela kungabonakaliswa kuphela kule ndaba ngokwakhe.
Eqinisweni, indlela yokungena kwangaphambili kanye ne-introspection yenziwa ngumfilosofi uJokie Locke. Wahlukanisa zonke izinqubo zolwazi zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Ukubheka izinto zezwe langaphandle.
- Ukuzindla - ukuhlaziywa kwangaphakathi, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nezinye izinqubo ezihloswe ukucubungula ulwazi olutholiwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Amathuba kanye nokulinganiselwa kwendlela yokungena
Indlela ye-introspection ayilungile. Ezinye izithiyo zingase ziphakame phakathi nocwaningo:
- indlela yokuzithiba kwengqondo ayiyona eyabo bonke abantu, idinga ukuqeqeshwa ngenhloso, futhi ingqondo yezingane ayitholakali ngokuphelele ukucwaninga ngale ndlela;
- ukungabi namsebenzi okusebenzayo kwendlela;
- imiphumela ephikisanayo;
- ukuzithoba kwendlela yokufaka phambili.
Izizathu zemikhawulo:
- Ukungenakwenzeka kokukhipha le nqubo kanye nokuyibuka ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina inkambo yokubola yezinqubo.
- Inkimbinkimbi yokwethula ubudlelwane obangela imbangela ye-conscious sphere, ngoba kufanele uhlaziye futhi ungaqapheli izindlela: ukukhanya, ukukhunjulwa.
- Ukubukeka kubangela ukuba kube khona idatha yokuqaphela, ukuphazamiseka kwabo noma ukunyamalala kwabo.
Indlela ye-introspection yokuhlaziywa yachazwa izazi ze-psychologist njengombono wezinto ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zokuqala zesakhiwo. Abadlali bale mbono baqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i-structurists. Umbhali walo mqondo wayengumqondo wezengqondo waseMelika uTitchener. Ngokusho kwengqikithi yakhe, izihloko eziningi nezenzakalo ezivezwe ngabantu zihlanganisa izinzwa. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela yokuphenya ingukuhlaziywa kwengqondo okudinga ukuzibonela ngokuhlelekile okuvela kumuntu.
Ukufakela kwangaphambili kwesistimu kuyindlela yokuchaza ulwazi lomuntu ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho okuphazamisayo, okungukuthi, izinzwa nezithombe. Le nqubo yachazwa ngumlandeli weSikole saseWurzburg yi-psychologist uKülpe.
Indlela yokungena kwangaphambili kanye nenkinga yokungena kwe-introspection
I-Introspectionists inikeza ukuhlukanisa izingqondo zezinqubo eziyinhloko kanye nokuzibona ngokulandela lezi zinqubo. Inkinga ye-introspection yukuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukugcina kuphela izinqubo ezivulekile kuye. Ngokuphambene nendlela yokufaka ingeniso, ukungena kwe-introsection kubhekisela kwimikhiqizo yokuqaphela njengento ehlukile, kunokuxhumana okuvamile. Njengamanje, indlela yokwethula isingeniso kwengqondo isetshenziselwa kanye nendlela yokuhlola ukuhlola ukucabanga nokuqoqa idatha eyinhloko. It isetshenziswa kuphela ukuthola idatha, ngaphandle kokunye ukuhumusha. Ukuqaphela kwenziwa ngezinqubo ezingokomqondo ezilula: ukumelwa, ukuzwa kanye nezinhlangano. Ku-self-umbiko ayikho amasu akhethekile nezinhloso. Amaqiniso kuphela we-introspection ukuhlaziywa okunye okucatshangelwayo.