Umsebenzi oyinhloko womzali ngamunye ukukhulisa ingane ejabule futhi kumsize ukuthi athole ukuthi kungenzeka yini. Ezinganeni kusukela ekuzalweni kunezintandokazi ezithile, izikhwama kanye namathalenta. Kubalulekile kumama nobaba ukusekela ingane ekulimeni kwabo, ukubafundisa indlela yokuxhumana nezwe elizungezile.
Izici zokuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezincane
Ubuchopho kanye nesimiso sezinzwa zomntwana kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3 sihamba ngokushesha kunomuntu omdala we-genius. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umuntu omncane uthola ulwazi olungaba ngu-80%, kanti 20% asele - impilo yakhe yonke. Kulesi sigaba, ukwakheka koxhumano lwe-neural nokubunjwa kohlamvu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuthuthukiswa nokukhuliswa kwezingane ezincane kubhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokufundisa. Ezinyangeni ezingu-36 zokuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, umntwana ufunda amakhono alandelayo:
- inkulumo;
- isithuthuthu;
- okubonwayo;
- i-tactile;
- ukuhlola.
Ukuthuthukiswa okufanele kwezingane ezincane kuyisihluthulelo sokwakhiwa kwamakhono ajwayelekile enhlalo kanye nokusabela ngokomzwelo. Uma ubona ngokushesha izici zomuntu ngamunye kanye namandla akhe, kulula ukuphakamisa ubuntu obugcwele nokuzimela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungabeki ukucindezela ingane, uzame ukuqonda lokho okulindelekile, kodwa kumsize ekudaluleni amakhono angokwemvelo kanye nemvelo.
Izindlela zokuthuthukisa izingane zakuqala
Kunezindlela eziningi eziphathelene nendaba okucatshangelwayo, izazi zengqondo eziningi kanye nabafundisi basathuthukisa izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa eziyingqayizivele. Izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezincane:
- Montessori. Okuyinhloko yemfundo ukuzimela okukhulu kwengane. Umntwana ukhetha umsebenzi wakhe kanye nesikhathi salo ekuthandweni, intshisekelo nomoya. Indima yabantu abadala kule mbono echazwe ngumeluleki ohlakaniphile futhi ongenakho ukuqonda.
- I-Doman. Utitjhere utjengisa ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ngaphambi kokubeletha. Indlela yokuqeqesha iqukethe izinyathelo ezimbili - ukwakheka kwezixhumanisi ze-neural ngokusebenzisa izenzo zokuqala (ukuhlala, ukukhahlela, ukuhamba) nokuvuselela ingqondo ngosizo lwamakhadi akhethekile. Uhlobo olunjalo luyizinqubo zikaZazitsev (cubes).
- Steiner (Waldorf Pedagogy). Indlela yokudalwa kwemvelo yenqubo yemfundo. Isimiso esiyinhloko sihambisana nokuqoqwa kwemithwalo yokuqeqesha kumathuba eminyaka. Kukholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-7, izingane azikwazi ukucabanga okungabonakali, ngakho izingane zifunda umhlaba ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukudansa nomculo, izindabakwane kanye nokuxhumana. Ukubuka i-TV, imidlalo yekhompyutha, amathoyizi wefrijini akhishiwe.
- I-Lupan. Inguqulo elula yenqubo ye-Doman. Okuyisisekelo sendlela kuwukuzidela, ukuqeqesha njalo futhi yonke indawo. Abazali bakhuthazwa ukuba bahlanganyele nengane kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuzalwa kwabo. Esikhathini esizayo kubalulekile ukubeka imibhalo encwadini enkulu eduze nezinto ezihambelanayo (isihlalo, isibuko, iKhabhinethi kanye netafula). Kuwusizo ukubhala izindaba noma izindaba mayelana nengane uqobo, ukunamathisela izithombe zakhe ezincwadini zekhaya.
- I-Nikitins. Isikhundla esiyinhloko sendlela yokuvumelanisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nokuthuthukiswa kwemvuthu. Le ndlela yezemfundo isifana nokufundiswa kukaMontessori, kodwa njengento eyengeziwe yokwenza imidlalo yezemidlalo nezingane kufakiwe, imidlalo esebenzayo yangaphandle nokuqina kanzima. Ukunakekelwa kunikezwa ekudleni kwengane, okumele kube nokudla okulula kalula ne-vithamini.
Ukuhlonza ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezincane
Ukuthatha indlela efanele yokufundisa, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukuhlola amakhono ayo ayisisekelo. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwengane kuze kube nonyaka kuthatha amakhono alandelayo:
- cabanga ngamaphethini ahlukeneko nezithombe;
- baqonde ukuzithokozisa ("ngenkathi", "hhayi") bese ubalingisa;
- siphenduka emisindweni nasemagama, zibalingise;
- bamba futhi ubambe izinto nge iminwe yakho;
- ukuthinta, ubuso obuso noma imisindo ezama ukuthola lokho abakufunayo.
Njengendlela yokukhula, lamakhono athuthukisiwe futhi athuthukile. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwezingane kusukela eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwemithathu kuhlanganisa izenzo ezinjalo:
- hamba, ugweme izithiyo;
- khombisa izithombe noma izinto, izingxenye zomzimba;
- funda izinto, izilwane ngokudweba;
- khumbula imibala eminingana;
- ukudansa;
- yenza izenzo ngesicelo;
- baqonde umehluko phakathi kokukhulu nokuncane, okuthulile nokuzwakalayo;
- ukuzibona esibukweni, ezithombeni;
- silingisa amazwi ezilwane;
- khetha izingubo zakho;
- baqonde amagama angaphezu kwangu-100;
- ukubiza izinto, abantu, izilwane, izingxenye zomzimba;
- uhlobo;
- tshela izindaba;
- qoqa izithombe ezihlukanisiwe;
- hlabelela kanye.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ingane?
Ochwepheshe bezinqondo nabafundisi abanikeli imiyalelo ecacile ekukhetheni kwezindlela zemfundo nokuqina kwayo. Umntwana othuthukile ujabule futhi ujabule, kuyamthakazelisa futhi kumnandi ukuba azi umhlaba ozungezile futhi ahlangane nezakhi zalo. Akufanele uzame ukukhula nge-indigo noma ingqondo, zonke izinyane zinendlela yakhe yokukhula kanye nezindlela zokuthola ulwazi. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ngokumane ukuthi balandele ukusabela kwemvuthuluka ngezindlela ezehlukene, ukukhetha izindlela ezithokozile kakhulu nokuzihlanganisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa okubonakalayo kwezingane ezincane
Into yokuqala ingane ebusayo ibhekene nayo, inzwa, ihlolwe futhi ibuhlungu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yabantwana abancane. Ukusiza ingane ukuba ifunde amakhono adingekayo futhi isungulwe ukuxhumana okulungile phakathi kwezakhiwo zezinto kalula:
- ukucabangela ubuso bomuntu;
- Hlanganisa amathoyizi akhanyayo nama-posters ngezithombe ezilula ezihlukile phezu kwesihenqo;
- khuluma nomntwana, usebenzisa amagama athi "big", "high", "amancane", "aphansi" nokufanisa okufanayo;
- khombisa imibala bese uwabiza;
- faka umculo, ukudlala izinsimbi futhi uhlabelele, u-rustle, izinsimbi zendandatho;
- unikele ukuthinta izakhiwo ezihlukene - ezinzima, ezithambile, ezinamathelayo, ezibandayo, ezithandekayo nezifudumele.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amancane emoto kubantwana abancane
Njengoba ekhula, ufunda ukuthi ungumnikazi wakhe, ikakhulu izandla zakhe neminwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emihle emoto kubantwana kwenziwa ngezindlela ezilula kakhulu:
- ukwenza massage yezandla;
- unikele isikhwama semabhontshisi, ilayisi noma ibhakede, izinto ezinobuso obubi;
- uhlanganyele emidlalweni "yomunwe" ;
- khuthaza i-reflex yokubamba, faka umunwe wakho esibambini uphinde uthathe;
- unike isipuni ngenkathi udla.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yezingane ezincane
Isigaba sokuqala sesigaba esichazwe silingisa abantu abakuzungezile nemisindo. Ungabuzi izinhlanzi ukuthi zisho okuthile, kungcono nje ukuxhumana naye ezingeni elidala kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yezingane ezincane kanje:
- lapho, bamba imisindo yezwi (a, y, e);
- phindaphinda ama-syllables (ma-ma-ma, ba-ba-ba, yebo-yebo-yebo);
- yenza ubuso, ubuke nomntwana esibukweni;
- unike ingane iqhume ekhanda, ipayipi;
- khuluma okuningi nomntwana, umtshele izindaba nemidvwebo, uhlabelele.
Ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzwelo kwezingane ezincane
Uhlu lwemicabango yezingane kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3 lukhawulelwe kakhulu. Kusenganeni, ingane iqondiswa kuphela yizimo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ekusindeni, ngakho ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwengane usencane kuncike ngokuphelele kubazali. Ukwenza impendulo efanele ngokomzwelo enganeni, ukufaka kuye umusa, ububele nezinye izimfanelo ezinhle, ukufundisa uthando oluqotho, kubalulekile ukwakha isimo esifanele emndenini. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwezingane endaweni echazwe kudinga izenzo ezilandelayo:
- udumise futhi ukhuthaze;
- bonisa ukufudumala nesisa;
- bonisa uthando kumalungu omndeni;
- gwema izingxabano;
- cela intethelelo futhi uchaze ukuthi kungani kuyadingeka;
- ukunakekela izilwane ezifuywayo (uma zikhona);
- tshela ngokubaluleka kwemizwa yabanye abantu;
- kuchaza ukubaluleka kwesijeziso njengesibopho sezenzo ezimbi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlelwa kwesisu kwezingane
Abazali bavame ukufuna ithalenta enganeni bese bebheka ukuthambekela kwekhono, bezama ukufeza amaphupho abo abangenakwenzeka. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwe-esesthetic kuhloswe ekuboneni izici zomuntu siqu okuthandayo. Ingane engavamile kufanele ivuselelwe ekudaleni, njengengane, cishe wonke umuntu uyathanda ukufunda izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko. Umama nobaba kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ukuqala komntwana, ukuhlinzeka ngempahla efanele noma imishini, ngisho noma kukhona izinto eziningi zokuzilibazisa. Kancane kancane, omncane uzokhetha umsebenzi othakazelisayo futhi uzothuthukisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kwezingane ezincane
Lesi yisici esiphikisana kakhulu nesiphikisanayo ekukhuliseni izingane. Akukaze kuboniswe ukuthi ukuqonda kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kwezingane kubambisana kakhulu, njengoba abanye othisha nabachwepheshe bezengqondo (Doman, Nikitin) besho. Abanye abazali basekela lezi zindlela, bakhuthaza umntwana ukuba ahlale phansi kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-3-4 futhi ahambe izinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa zonke izingane zikhethekile, futhi kufanele zithuthuke ngokwezifiso zazo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okungokwenyama kwangempela kwezingane kunikezwa uDkt. Komarovsky. Musa ukuvuselela noma ukunciphisa ingane. Umama nobaba badinga ukusekelwa kuphela uma umuntu ohlukumezayo ezama ukufunda amakhono amasha, nokuvikelwa, lapho izenzo zakhe zisongela impilo yengane. Ukusekela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokubunjwa okuhle kwesidalwa esincane, kuyasiza ukuqina, ukuvocavoca nokubhukuda ikakhulukazi.
Ukuthuthukisa imidlalo yezingane ezincane
Cishe wonke amakhono nolwazi ingane ethola ngesikhathi sokuzijabulisa nokuxhumana nabazali namanye amalungu omndeni. Ekukhuleni kwakhe indawo ebalulekile ibhekene nemidlalo elula yabantwana bokuthuthukiswa kokuqala:
- ladushki;
- ukukhala kwamashumi amane;
- ku-ku;
- izinyosi zigibele;
- njengoba ethi (inkomo, ikati, inja);
- ukuqagela umsindo (kuphi, kusuka kuphi);
- thola ithoyizi;
- Bonisa umbala;
- imbuzi;
- indodakazi-omama kanye nokudlala indima efanayo.
Amathoyizi ezemfundo wezingane ezincane
Amadivayisi amaningi ewusizo kulula ukwenza wena ngokwakho - gcwalisa izikhwama zendwangu ngamabele noma amabhola, yenza ibhangi lezingulube ebhokisini bese ufaka izinkinobho lapho, gweba i-mitten (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kusigqoko). Ungathenga amathoyizi ezemfundo omncane kunabo bonke:
- ukuhlunga ;
- idoli elidakiwe;
- ama-cubes ;
- i-bisyboard ;
- i-labyrinth;
- iphazili;
- izinkomishi;
- ipiramidi;
- ukuphoqa;
- izinselelo;
- umakhi;
- amabhola;
- ipulasitiki nokuningi.