I-Phytophthora yi-attack ekwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu isivuno semifino ngisho nokubhubhisa yonke isivuno sezambane. Izimpawu ze-phytophthors kumazambane zibonakala emehlweni aso: okokuqala, izindawo ezibomvu zithinta amaqabunga aphansi esitshalo, kancane kancane ziphendukela emaqabungeni aphezulu, iziqu nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ubuso bamazambane buba nomthofu-grey, buthambile futhi buncane kakhulu ekuthinteni, futhi inyama ithola i-hue enesibindi. Isici esibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo sinamanzi, isimo sezulu esifudumele. Ukulwa namazambane phytophthora kuhlanganisa nenani lezinyathelo.
Izindlela zokulwa ne-phytophthora kumazambane
Ukuhlola izilimo eziyizigaxa ezigulayo
Njengoba umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka yizilimo eziyizigaxa ezigulayo, ukuvikela amazambane avela ku-phytophthora, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe ngokucophelela indaba ehlwanyelwe yi-fungus. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungabeki nje kuphela amazambane abonakalisiwe endaweni yendawo yokuhlala noma uwaphonsa phezu kocingo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumba izilimo eziyizigaxa zijule emhlabathini noma zishise, kungenjalo zibhuqa umoya kuze kufike ibanga elingamakhilomitha amahlanu.
Ukusabalalisa okuhle kwezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane kanye nemifino
Akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi kanye nezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, ezithinteka ukulimala kwesikhathi esedlule. Uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukutshala amazambane minyaka yonke endaweni entsha. Akunakwenzeka ukutshala utamatisi endaweni, okuyinto evezwe ukulimala kwesikhathi .
Ukucubungula amafutha amazambane
Ukuze uphathe amazambane kusuka ekulimazeni okuphelile, kusetshenziswe amakhemikhali. Ukuxazulula umbuzo, yini okufanele usebenze ngayo amazambane avela ku-phytophthors, kufanele ucabangele inqubo yemifino yamasiko. Ekuqaleni kokutshala, amazambane aphathwe kabili esigabeni sokuqothula, ukugcina isikhathi samasonto angu-1.5. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-fungicidal amalungiselelo asetshenziswa ku-phytophthors kumazambane: i-Arcedil (50 g ngalinye ngamaminithi ayishumi), i-Ridomil MC (25 g ngalinye ngo-10 l) no-Oxcich (20 g ngalinye ngo-10 l). Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo okuxhumana: i-Ditamin M-45 (20 g ngalinye ngamaminithi ayishumi L) amanzi, i-chloride yethusi (40 g ngalinye ngo-10 L), i-Kuproksat (25 g ngalinye ngo-10 l). Inani lezokwelapha ngu-3-4 ngesinye isikhathi, isikhathi esiphakathi kwezokwelapha singesonto eli-1.
Ukutshalwa kwama-mbatata ukumelana nokulimala kwekwephuzile
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zamazambane okumelene nokulimala okuphelile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu. Ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo samazambane sivame khona, izinhlobo kufanele zitshalwe, okungenani zithinteke ukubonakaliswa kwayo: uNevsky, Spring, Arina, Golubichna, Septemba, Mavka, Ogonek nabanye.
Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuvuna amazambane
Ukuvimbela isifo esinjalo esingathandekayo samazambane njengendlela yokulimaza okuphuzile, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kahle indaba yokutshala entwasahlobo ezayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, emva kokuvuna, izilimo eziyizigaxa kumele zome. Uma isimo sesimo sezulu somile, amazambane abomile ngqo esakhiweni, uma imvula - ukomisa kwenziwa ngaphansi komcibisholo. Ngemva kokuba izilimo eziyizigaxa zomile, yenze i-bulkhead yesibili yamazambane, futhi kuphela lapho isitshalo senziwe isitoreji sesikhathi eside. Ukuqeda ngisho nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezishaqeka kancane, ngoba ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5 emva kokutshala, i-fungus izoqhubeka ibonakala, futhi izempilo ziyosuselwa
Ukucubungula imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala
Abalimi bezwa ukuthi ngokwandisa ukumelana namazambane, ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa kuphathwa ngezidakamizwa. Kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi aphikishe imbewu yamazambane avela ku-phytophthors. I-Agrotechnics iyalulekwa ukuthi yenze ukwelashwa izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala i-Agatom-25K (3 amagremu ngam 250 ml amanzi) noma i-Immunocytophyte (0.4 g ngam 150 ml). Lesi silinganiso sesisombululo sanele ukusingatha ama-20 kg amazambane.
Ngenxa yeqoqo lezinyathelo zokuvimbela ungakwazi ukuqoqa isivuno esikhulu semikhiqizo emihle yemifino!