Ngenxa yezici zabo zomzimba, izingane zivame ukuzwa ukuvuvukala kwezindlebe, kodwa abadala abakuthandi lesi sifo. Cabanga ukuthi kungani i-otitis media iqala phakathi kwezindlebe, izimpawu kanye nokuphathwa kokwelashwa, kuye ngokuthi zihlukahlukene kangakanani.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-otitis media?
Indlebe ephakathi nenye yezingxenye zesistimu yokuhlola, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuziphatha kahle ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezingcindezi zomoya. Liyindawo encane ephakathi komngcele wezindlebe wangaphandle kanye nendlebe yangaphakathi, lapho kukhona khona: isigubhu sogubhu ngamathambo aphilile, ithubhu eustachian (auditory) nomhume.
I-Otitis yendlebe ephakathi yilezi ezivuthayo ezithinta ikakhulukazi izifo ezithathelwanayo eziphefumulayo zokuvimbela ukuvuthwa kwamapayipi angenalutho kanye nokuvuthwa kwe-tube yokuhlola: i- rhinitis , i-rhinitis, i- sinusitis , i-tonsillitis, njll. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukutheleleka kungena emgodini we-Eustachian oxhumanisa i-nasopharynx ngesikhala indlebe ephakathi. Kulesi simo, amagciwane asebenza njengama-pathogens, ngokuvamile ama-bacterial and viral flora axutshwe, amagciwane, isikhunta.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic angena endaweni ecatshangelwayo nokugeleza kwegazi (isibonelo, nge-influenza, umfutho obomvu). Ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwama-polyps ku-mucosa engasese, ukuvuthwa kwe-septum yangasese, ukudilika, ukwamukelwa isikhathi eside kwemithi elwa namagciwane, imithwalo yemvelo, i-hypothermia enamandla, engafaneleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela ingaba yizici zangaphandle ezibuhlungu, lapho i-membrane ye-tympanic ihamba khona (ngokuvamile iyenzeka lapho izindlebe ziphathwa ngekotini efihlekile).
I-otitis yemidiya enhle
Uma isikhathi se-lesion sokuvuvukala singadluli amaviki amathathu futhi siphelela ngokuthola, kuyisimo se-otitis esiphundu sezindlebe zomphakathi. Leli fomu lesi sifo livela njengesifo sokuvuvukala komzimba, sidluliselwe enkambeni yokuhlunga. Noma yiziphi izizathu ezingenhla zingayiphakamisa, kanti ezimweni eziningi, "amacala" abalulekile yi- streptococci , i-pneumococci, i-hemophilia, i-morocelles.
Imithombo ye-otitis engapheli
Uma ukuvuvukala okunzima kulo mnyango wokuhlola kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu, ngokuphindaphindiwe noma kungatholakali ukwelashwa okwanele, amathuba okuphakama ukuthi imithombo ye-otitis engapheli izokhula. Kuyinto inqubo encane, evame ukuvuvukala njalo lapho kukhona khona isici esivumelwaneni se-tympanic, esithatha izinyanga ngisho neminyaka, ngezikhathi ezinzima. I-microflora ye-Causative ivame ukuthi: i-staphylococcus, u-E. coli, u-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-peptococci.
I-Otitis media ye-ear ear - izimpawu
Ngokuya ngesimo nesiteji se-otitis media, izimpawu kanye nokwelapha zihlukile. Ukuqina kwesithombe somtholampilo kubangelwa ukwakheka okuvuthayo phakathi kwengxenye yendlebe, nakuba kaningi zonke izindlela zihilelekile enkambweni yokugulisa umzimba. Cabanga ngalokho izimpawu ze-otitis zodwa ngokwezindlela zayo eziyisisekelo.
Catarrhal otitis abezindaba
Lapho i-catarrhal otitis media ikhula, okuyisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo, kukhona ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yokuphuza umoya wezindlebe eziphakathi ngenxa yokuvimbela ithubhu ye-Eustachian. Lokhu kuhambisana nokuvinjelwa noma ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokungena kwomoya ngaphakathi kwendlebe yomphakathi, ngenxa yalokho i-septum ibuyiswa futhi iguqule umbala. Ukucindezela emgodini we-tympanic kubonakala kungakalungi, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo ukuqoqwa kwamanzi okushisa kwenzeka kuyo. Azikho izinqubo ezithathelwanayo kulesi sigaba.
I-Catarrhal otitis media inezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ubuhlungu obukhulu ngaphakathi kwendlebe;
- ukuphathwa kwengqondo yokuhlola;
- ukucindezeleka, raspiraniya endlebeni;
- isimo esanelisayo jikelele.
I-exudative otitis media
Ukuvuvukala kwe-aseptic ezimweni zokungabikho okuqhubekayo kokushintshaniswa kwemoya nokuvuvukala kwehubhu yokuhlola kungahambisana nokuqoqwa kwe-serous exudate, ekhishwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. I-serous otitis ephakathi ejwayelekile isebenza ngesigaba esingapheliyo nge-symptomatology esulahliwe, kepha ngokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezithathelwanayo kudlula esigabeni esisodwa. Isilinganiso se-serous otitis singazibonakalisa ngokwaso ngezibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- umuzwa wokudabuka ekhanda;
- isiyezi;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu ezindlebeni;
- ukuzwa ukukhubazeka (kungakhula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisane nezinkathi zokuthuthukisa);
- umsindo, umuzwa wokushaywa kwamanzi kagesi emgodini wezindlebe uma uvula ikhanda;
- ukubonakala komswakama obala noma ocacile ovela endlebeni yomlomo lapho i-eardrum iphukile.
I-Purulent otitis media
Ukungena emkhatsini ophakathi phakathi kokutheleleka kuhlanganisa ukuhlakulela okubuhlungu kwe-otitis media, okubonakala ngezimpawu eziqhakazile kakhulu. Le nqubo ye-pathological ivame ukusakazeka, futhi uma ukwelashwa nge-otitis media kungakaqali ngesikhathi, i-ossicles yokuhlola, i-labyrinth, i-periosteum, njll ingathinteka.
Ungabona ukuthi i-purulent otitis media ye-ear ear media yizibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- ubuhlungu obunzima endlebeni yomlingiswa wokugulisa, uqiniswe ngokuthinta, ukunyakaza;
- ukusabalalisa ubuhlungu endaweni yethempeli, umhlathi, i-orbit;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukuwohloka okujwayelekile kwesimo;
- ama-lymph nodes amaningi;
- ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuzwa;
- umsindo endlebeni.
Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, ukukhishwa okuzimele kwekhanda elincanyana kungenzeka ngokuphuma kwezinto ezihlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo sezempilo sesiguli sithuthukisa kancane, ubuhlungu bubuhlungu, futhi izinga lokushisa liyancipha. Ukuphambana kwephutha le-septum tympanic kwenzeka kamuva (emasontweni ambalwa), kepha uma lesi sifo sidlulela esiteji esingapheli lokhu kungenzeka kwenzeke.
Indlela yokuphatha i-otitis media?
Uma usola u-otitis media, kufanele uqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okudingeka udane no-otolaryngologist. Ngosizo lwezokwelapha kuphela ongasungula uhlobo lwesifo, ukukhomba izici ezivusa amadlingozi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni amaqhinga wezokwelapha. Uma kucutshungulwa, uhlobo lwesibbrane se-tympanic luhlolwa, ukuhamba kwalo kuhlolwe. Uma inqubo ingapheli, ukulinganisa kokuzwa kokuzwa, komfutho we-intra-arterial ingabekwa.
I-Catarrhal, i-purulent ne-exudative acute ye-otitis media ifana nayo. Okokuqala, sebenzisa amasu omuthi ahloswe ekuqedeni izimbangela ezibangela ukuvinjelwa kwe-tube yokuhlola. Ukuze unciphise i-mucosal edema kanye nokucinwa kwe-mucus, sebenzisa:
- i-sosudosuzhivayuschie ehla emphunjini - uNaphthyzine, Nazole, Galazolin, njll ;;
- i-corticosteroids yesenzo sendawo - i-Dencamethasone, i-Nazonex, i-Aldecin, njll;
- izixazululo zosawoti zokugeza imphunga - i-Aqua Maris, i-Marimer, No-usawoti, njll.
Endlebeni yezindlebe zinikezwa izidakamizwa ezihlinzeka ngemiphumela ye-analgesic, anti-inflammatory kanye ne-antiseptic, isibonelo:
- isisombululo se-boric acid;
- I-Otinum;
- I-Otypax ;
- I-Sofradex;
- I-Garazon;
- I-Otisol nokunye okunjalo
Ukuze ususe okuqukethwe kusuka endlebeni ephakathi futhi ubuyisele ubuciko bhubhu lokuhlola, amakhemikhali akhethekile, izibilini ze-pneumomassage, amasu okugcoba (ngokusho kwe-Politzer, ngokuphuma emoyeni) asetshenziswa. Uma i-otitis media yendlebe ephakathi, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okuhambisana nalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, akushiyi, sebenzisa amasu okuhlinza (isigaba sekhanda le-tympanic nokufakwa kwamanzi).
Ama-antibiotics for media medium otitis
I-otitis ephakathi kokuxilongwa enezinto ezihlanzekile ku-tympanum ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic ayiphathwa. Ngokuvamile izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa uhlelo lwe-tablet kwifomu yethebhulethi, ezikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi ekamelweni eliphakathi futhi zibe nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene:
- Amoxicillin;
- I-Augmentin;
- I-Aksetil;
- I-Spiramycin;
- I-biseptol ;
- I-Clarithromycin nabanye.
Ucwaningo lwebhaktheriya kokuqukethwe kwendlebe ephakathi nokuthola ubuzwe bezinambuzane kulezi noma ezinye izidakamizwa akuhlali njalo, ngoba imiphumela iyaziwa cishe ngemva kwesonto. Ukuqokwa kwezidakamizwa zokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokubheka imiphumela. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esizayo, uma ikhambi elinqunyiwe lingabonakali, ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kwenziwa ngokusho kwedatha yokuhlaziywa etholakalayo.
UHF-therapy for otitis
Izinqubo ezehlukene ze-physiotherapy zingabandakanywa eziyinkimbinkimbi zemisebenzi yokwelapha, phakathi kwazo UHF. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela ithatha isifo esingapheliyo se-purulent otitis media kwisigaba sokuxoxisana. Ngenxa yezinqubo, ukugeleza kwegazi esifundeni sezindlebe kuthuthukiswa, ukuvuvukala kwehla, izindlela zokuzivikela zenyama ziqiniswa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-otitis media abantu ekhaya
Uma kukhona i-otitis media yendlebe ephakathi, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. Kuyinto engavumelekile ukuzimela ngemithi usebenzisa izindlela zabantu, isitho sisondele ebuchosheni, futhi izinkinga ezibangelwa ukwelashwa okungenele kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Into kuphela engenziwa ukuze kukhululwe isimo ngaphambi kokubiza udokotela ukufaka ukushisa okumile endlebeni (i-shawl yoboya, uboya bekotini, njll.), Kodwa kungenjalo kufanele kube nokushisa ngomfudumala. Enqubo yokwelashwa enqunywe udokotela, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amakhambi omuntu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzivikela.