I-tumor ebulalayo okuthiwa i-melanoma noma i-melanoblastoma ingahle yenziwe kunoma yiziphi izindawo lapho kunezinhlanganisela zama-melanocytes - ama-pigment cells. Njengomthetho, lendawo yesikhumba, kodwa ukubonakala kwayo kumabhungane amancane akukhipha. Isibonelo, kaningi kune-melanoma iso, okuyilona lezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza.
Izinhlobo kanye nezimpawu ze-melanoma ye-eye
Cishe u-85% wazo zonke izifo zokuxilonga ziyisisu esitholakala ku-choroid (choroid). Amacala angama-9% avela kuma-neoplasms yomzimba we-ciliary, 6% ku-iris.
I-melanoma ye-choroid ye-iso iqhubekela phambili ngokushesha futhi ivame ukunikeza ama-metastases kwezinye izitho, ikakhulukazi isibindi namaphaphu. Ngenxa yezici ezinjalo, lesi sifo esibuzwayo emithini yezokwelapha sibhekisela kuma-pathologies enengozi ephezulu kakhulu engozini.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-melanoma ye-choroid yeso ingathinta i-cornea, i-retina, i-vitreous ne-iris, eyenza izinguquko ezingenakuguquka kuzo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yendlela echazwe ngayo umdlavuza ezinkathini zakuqala engekho, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa kwayo kunzima. Ngezinye izikhathi i-melanoblastoma yeso itholakele ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesikhashana ne-ophthalmologist.
Izigaba zokugcina izifo zihamba phambili zihambisana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukuwohloka kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- i-glaucoma ;
- ukubonakala kokukhanya, amabala phambi kwamehlo, umqondo wokubhukuda "wezinto;
- ukwephula ukuma kwe-cornea noma i-lens;
- i-vitreous hemorrhage;
- astigmatism engalingani;
- izinguquko ekuboneni imibala;
- inqola ye-retina;
- ushintsho emthunzini we-iris, ukubonakala kwamabala okuphambene kuwo;
- ukukhubazeka komfundi.
Ukwelashwa nokubikezelwa kwe-melanoma iso
Ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lomdlavuza kuhilela ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwendawo ethintekile, kanye nezicubu ezinempilo ezungeze lesi sifo.
Kuye ngobukhulu be-neoplasm, noma ukucwaninga okuphelele kwe-eyeball (i-enucleation) noma amasu ahlukahlukene okugcina isilwane asetshenziswa:
- umshini we-cyber;
- i-radiosurgery;
- i-transpupillary laser thermotherapy;
- ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane;
- i-brachytherapy.
Ukwengeza, i- chemotherapy ingahle ibekwe emva kokusebenza.
Ukulindela impilo emangqamuzaneni ye-retina nezinye izingxenye zeso (ngokwesilinganiso) kusuka ku 47 kuya ku-84%. Ukusindiswa kweminyaka engakapheli iminyaka emihlanu kuthonywa yizinto ezifana nesiguli sendawo, indawo, indawo kanye nesilinganiso sokuqhuma kwesisu.