I-Hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa - indlela yokuhlukanisa ngayo imvukuzane nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze?

Abantwana abangaba ngu-3% bazalwa benesifo esibomvu se-convex ebusweni noma ekhanda, kanti izingane ezingu-10% zakhiwa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Le hemangioma iyisisu esinamandla esakhiwa ngamaseli afaka izindonga zegazi. I-Neoplasm ijwayele ukubuyiswa okuzimele.

I-Hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa - izimbangela

Akukacaci ukuthi kungani i-pathology ivela ezinganeni. Ngokusobala, i-hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa ekhanda yenziwa ngesikhathi sokubambela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuthuthukiswa okungavamile kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukudluliselwa kwezifo zokuphefumula-amagciwane kanye nokutheleleka kwamagciwane .

Kunezinye izici ezingase zibangele i-hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa, izizathu ziyizimo ezingavumelekile zemvelo noma ukusetshenziswa komzimba onobuthi ngumama. Ucwaningo lwamuva luveze ukuthi isifo esibucayi esicatshangelwayo singabangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, ikakhulukazi uma owesifazane engowesifazane.

Izinhlobo ze-hemangiomas ezisanda kuzalwa

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-neoplasm echazwe kuncike ezimisweni zayo zokuziphatha. I-Hemangioma ezinganeni ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

• okulula ( capillary );
• i-cavernous ( cavernous );
• kuxutshwe (kuhlangene).

I-capillary hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa

Lokhu kuhluka kwesisu esinobuthi kunamaseli ahlanganisa izindonga zangaphakathi zemithwalo yegazi. I-hemangioma elula ebusweni bomntwana (noma ekhanda) ayitholakali ngaphezu koqweqwe lwe-epidermal. Inemingcele ecacile, isakhiwo esicwebezelayo noma esicacile. Uma ucindezela ku-tumor, iyoguquka, bese ubuyisela ngokushesha isici sayo, i-purple-bluish, umbala.

Cavernous hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa

Ifomu le-cavernous lesi sifo litholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Iqukethe izingxube eziningi ezigcwele igazi. I-Cavernous hemangioma ezisanda kuzalwa ibukeka njenge-tubercle ye-cyanotic ene-soft and elastic structure. Uma ingcindezi isetshenziselwa isisu, iyanqamuka futhi igubuke ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi emagumbini. Uma umntwana ekhwehlela, ama-tights, nanoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka okwenzeka ngokucindezela okwandayo, ukukhula kuyanda ngobukhulu.

I-hemangioma ehlangene ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa

I-pathology ehlukahlukene ehlanganisiwe ihlanganisa izici ze-tumor elula ne-cavernous. I-cavernous-vascular hemangioma ezinganeni akubandakanyi amangqamuzana kuphela ezindonga ze-capillary, kodwa futhi nezinye izicubu:

• ukwesaba;
• ukuxhuma;
• lymphoid.

I-hemangioma ehlanganisiwe ezinsana iqukethe ingxenye engezansi futhi engaphansi. Ingathuthuka ngamafomu ahlukene:

• i-angioneuroma;
• i-hemlymphangioma;
• angiofibroma nabanye.

Hemangioma - izimpawu

Isithombe somtholampilo se-neoplasm esibucayi siqondile, ngakho-ke kutholakala kalula ukuthi uhlolwa nge-dermatologist. I-hemangioma ibukeka kanjani ezinsweni ezisanda kuzalwa kuncike kohlobo lwayo:

1. I-simple- burgundy tubercle ye-bluish enezingqimba ezicacile nesakhiwo se-knobby, esifana ne-wart.
2. I-Cavernous - ukuvuvukala okuncane kwe-cyanotic. Kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi leli hemangioma libukeka kanjani ezinsana, isithombe ngezansi.
3. Ihlanganisiwe - i-neoplasm, engaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokubukeka ifana nesimo se-capillary.

Indlela yokwahlukanisa i-hemangioma kusuka ku-birthmark?

Kunzima kubazali ukuzihlukanisa ngokuzihlukanisa nokuhlukumeza kwesinye isikhumba. I-Hemangioma yesikhumba ezisanda kuzalwa ingafana ne-nevus enkulu (birthmark), i- birthmark noma i-wart. Kuye kusuka kulezi zindlela zokuphefumula ezinobuthi, kudingeka ubeke ingcindezi encane ku-tubercle. I-Hemangioma iguquka ngokushesha ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi, kodwa iyobuyisela kancane kancane umbala wayo. Izinsalela zezikhumba ezisele zizohlala zibe mthunzi ofanayo. Esinye isibonakaliso ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwe-tumor liphakeme kakhulu kunezindawo eziseduze.

Izinkinga ze-hemangioma ezinganeni

I-neoplasm ye-benign ayikho neze imbangela eyingozi. Ezimweni eziningi, i-hemangioma ye-vascular inborns ayinabuhlungu futhi ayanda ukwanda. Akuvamile ukuqala ukukhula futhi kuholela ezinkingeni ezinjalo:

• ukuphuma kwegazi ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa;
• ukutheleleka kwe-tumor, ukuxhaswa;
• ukucindezelwa kwamathambo ahambisana nezinhlaka eziphilayo, ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yabo;
• isilonda somzimba we-neoplasm;
• i-necrosis (efa) yesikhumba.

Indlela yokuphatha i-hemangioma ezinsana?

Uma ingane itholakale ifomu elilula lesi sifo, i-tumor iqukethe amangqamuzana amavulumu futhi ayikwazi ukukhula okusheshayo, ukulinda nokubona amaqhinga asetshenziswayo. Loluhlobo lwe-neoplasm lwenza nje ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayikhuphuki ngosayizi noma ikhula kancane, ngokuvumelana nomzimba wengane esanda kuzalwa.

Ama-capillary hemangiomas amaningi ahlakazeka ngokuzimela njengoba ingane ikhula. Ukuguqulwa okuzenzekelayo kwenzeka kancane kancane. Okokuqala, phakathi kwe-tumor kuvela izindawo eziluhlaza, eduze kombala kuya emthunzini ojwayelekile wesikhumba. Banda, befinyelela emingcele yomkhawulo wokwakha. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa i-neoplasm iba yincinci futhi igcine iphelile ngeminyaka engu-3-7.

Nge-pathology e-caverous and mixed, ukwelashwa okukhulu kwe-hemangioma kubantwana kuboniswa. Amasu osebenzayo anqunywe kuphela kusukela ezinyangeni eziyizinyanga ezintathu, ukungenelela okungajwayelekile lapho kwenziwa izinsana (kusukela emavikini angu-4-5 okuphila). Kuye ngesimo somzimba jikelele, uhlobo lwesifo, ubungako bayo kanye nezindlela zokukhula, udokotela uzokwazisa ukuhluka okuhlukile kokusebenza:

• i-sclerosing;
• ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane;
• i-electrocoagulation;
• ukususwa kwe-laser;
• ukucabangela okuhlinzekwayo.

I-sclerotherapy ye-hemangioma ezinganeni

Le ndlela yokwelapha ibhekwa njengokwedlula zonke, kodwa idinga ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo eziningana. I-sclerotherapy inqunywe uma i-hemangioma itholakale enganeni engaphansi konyaka owodwa, itholakala embranini yesikhumba, ubuso noma indawo ye-parotid, inamanani amancane. Lapho kukhona isisu esikhulu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, le nqubo ayifaneleki ngenxa yengozi yokuqothula nezilonda esikhumbeni.

I-sclerotherapy yenziwa ngezigaba:

1. Ukulungiselela. Indawo ephathwayo isuliwe nge-antiseptic, alcohol or iodine solution.
2. Anesthesia. Isikhumba sinezinyosi zesifo sokubulala umzimba.
3. Isingeniso se-sclerosant. Umuthi osebenzayo ukhulu kakhulu utshwala (70%) noma i-sodium salicylate (25%). Ngokuvamile izingane zinikezwa i-quinine urethane. Lesi sidakamizwa sinamakhono aphezulu okubala, kepha ayingozi kakhulu, ikakhulu uma ingane isana. Izijoka zenziwe ngezinaliti ezincane kakhulu (0.2-0.5 mm). Ukuze kusetshenziswe okunye ukujola okuncane, inani lalo libalwe ngokuhambisana nobukhulu besisu esinobuthi.
4. Ukuvuvukala. Ngemuva kwe-sclerosing, izitsha zivutha futhi zithinteka, zithathelwe izicubu ezihlangene. Le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezingu-7-10, futhi ukuvuvukala kwehlisa.
5. Phinda inqubo. Kuze kube yilapho ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwe-neoplasm, ukujola okungu-3 kuya kwangu-15 kuyadingeka.

Ukukhipha i-hemangioma

Inqubo echazwe ngayo yokwelashwa kwe-tumor ezinsana ikhula ngokushesha futhi ingenabuhlungu, kodwa ihilela ezinye izinkinga. Ngosizo lokukhishwa kwesikhumba, i-hemangioma isuswe kubantwana kuze kube unyaka uma i-neoplasm ingatholakali ebusweni. Emva kokuchazwa kwe-nitrogen enomsoco, uhlamvu olubonakalayo lungase luhlale esikhumbeni, ngisho nophawu lwe-convex, oluzodingeka lususwe yi-laser ekuvukeni esikhathini esizayo.

Inqubo yokukhwabanisa:

1. Ukwelapha okunomsoco. I-Hemangioma isuliwe ngotshwala noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-iodine.
2. Ukuqhwayiza. Nge-cannula encane, i-jet ye-nitrogen egazini inikezwa ku-neoplasm imizuzwana engu-3-10, kuye ngobukhulu besisu.
3. Ukubhujiswa kwe-hemangioma. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-crystestruction, i-blister enezinto eziyinyumba yenziwa endaweni engalungile. Le nqubo evamile yokunyamalala kwe-neoplasm nokufa kwemithambo yegazi.
4. Ukubuyisela. Kancane kancane i-blister iba yincinjana futhi ivuliwe ngokusemthethweni. Esikhundleni sayo kukhona izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga obukhulu.
5. Ukuphulukisa. Ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa, kuyadingeka ukwelapha isilonda ngokumisa izixazululo ze-antiseptic. Kunconywa ukugubha izintambo ezibelethwe noma ukufaka ama-mittens ukuze ingane ingabhubhisi i-crusts. Kumele bawele bebodwa.

I-electrocoagulation ye-hemangioma

Ukuvezwa ukushaqeka kubhekwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu futhi ezisheshayo zokulwa nesisu esinobuthi. Ngosizo lwe-electrocoagulation, kuphela i-hemangioma elula (elula) ebantwaneni abasha iphathwa, ukususwa kwe-cavernous noma i-neoplasm exubekile kufezwa ezinye izindlela. Izinzuzo zendlela okukhulunywe ngayo yiyona ndlela yokuqeda lesi sifo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingozi encane yokutheleleka kwesilonda nokuphulukiswa okusheshayo.

Inqubo ye-Electrocoagulation:

1. Ukuphathwa kwe-antiseptic yesikhumba. Ngokuvamile utshwala noma i-iodine isetshenziswa.
2. I-anesthesia yendawo. Ezindaweni ezikhona ne-hemangioma, kunezijovo eziningana nge-anesthetic zenziwa.
3. Ukususwa. Ngomlenze wensimbi ngesimo se-loop, udokotela ohlinzayo uhlinzekela isisu ngokumanzi kagesi amaminithi angu-1-5, kuye ngobukhulu besici.
4. Ukuvuselelwa. Endaweni ephathwayo, cishe isilonda sakhiwe ngokushesha, sigcwele umqubu. Ngeke isuswe, ingane esanda kuzalwa kuyodingeka ifake izingalo zayo.

Ukususwa kwe-hemangioma nge-laser kubantwana

Indlela ehlinzekwa ngayo yokwelashwa yindlela ephephile kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu kwezicubu ezisemkhathini wengane esanda kuzalwa. Ukususwa kwe-hemangioma ezinganeni nge-laser kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngisho noma ingane isana (kusukela ngenyanga yokuqala). Lolu buchwepheshe lunikeza umphumela oyifunayo okwesikhashana, aluholele ekubunjweni kwezibazi futhi kuvimbela ukubuyela kabusha kwempilo.

Indlela yokwenza isisindo se-laser yi-evaporation kanye nokufakwa kwegazi ezitsheni. Izindonga zabo zihlangene ndawonye, ​​futhi ama-capillaries abonakalisiwe aqala kancane kancane.

Izinyathelo zokuxhaphaza:

1. Ukuphathwa kwe-antiseptic yesikhumba.
2. I-anesthesia yasendaweni enezijovo zokuhlinzeka ngezinzwa.
3. Irradiation we-tumor ene-laser beam.
4. Faka isicelo sokubopha ama-stitter oyinyumba kumfutha okuphulukisa.
5. Ukuvuselelwa isikhumba. Phakathi nenkathi yokuvuselela, abazali bazalwa kufanele baphathe njalo isilonda nama-antiseptics anqunyiwe, sebenzisa ama-crams noma amafutha okugcoba, ungavumeli ingane ukuba isuse ama-crusts.

Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-hemangioma

Indlela esebenzayo isetshenziselwa izimo ezingavamile, lapho isakhiwo esisha singekho endaweni yesikhumba, kodwa ezindaweni ezijulile. Ngaphambi kokukhipha i-hemangioma ezinganeni ezine-scalpel, udokotela ohlinzayo angancoma izinqubo zokulungiselela noma ukudweba ukunciphisa ubukhulu bwakhiwa.

Izinyathelo zokusebenza:

1. Anesthesia. Ngokuya ngobukhulu besici, i-anesthesia yendawo noma ejwayelekile isetshenziswa.
2. Ukuziqhenya. Usebenzisa isikhumba sesibhakabhaka, udokotela ususa i-hemangioma kanye noqweqwe oluncane lwezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubuyela emuva.
3. Ukugeza, ukwelapha okulwa nesifo sokulwa nesilonda.
4. Ukusebenzisa ibhandlela oyinyumba nge-antibacterial and healing ointment.
5. Isikhathi sokuvuselela. Ukubuyisela kungadlulela amasonto ambalwa. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, azikho izibazi noma cishe azibonakali.