I-Gnoseology - izimiso nezinkomba eziyinhloko ze-epistemology yanamuhla

Isifiso sokuthola ulwazi sekuye kwacatshangwa njengenye yezimfanelo ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni umuntu . Ngakho-ke, izisekelo ze-epistemology - ukuqondiswa kwefilosofi ezixilongwa enkambweni yokuqaphela - zafakwa esikhathini esidlule. Ngakho-ke, iminyaka yayo ebizwa ngokuthi inkinga.

Kuyini i-gnoseology?

Ukuze uthole umqondo jikelele walesi sigaba, umuntu angaqonda umsuka wegama ngokwalo. Ivela emiqondweni emibili yesiGreki: i-gnoseo - "yazi" namagama - "igama, inkulumo." Kuvela ukuthi i-epistemology yisayensi yokuqonda, okungukuthi, inesithakazelo ezindleleni umuntu athola ngayo ulwazi, indlela yokungazi ekukhanyeni, imithombo yolwazi oluhlanzekile kanye nesicelo ezikhathini ezifundwayo.

I-Epistemology e-Philosophy

Okokuqala, ukutadisha ukuthola idatha njengesenzo kwakuyingxenye yokucwaninga kwefilosofi, kamuva waba yunithi ehlukile. I-Gnoseology ngefilosofi ngumnyango ohlola imingcele yokuqashelwa komuntu siqu. Kuye kwahamba negatsha eliyinhloko kusukela liqala. Ngokushesha nje lapho abantu bethola uhlobo olusha lomsebenzi ongokomoya, kwakungabaza ngokuqinisekiswa kobuqiniso be-ulwazi olutholiwe, ukungafani kwedatha yomhlaba kanye nencazelo ejulile yaqala.

Inkolelo ye-epistemology ayizange ibekwe ngokushesha, kungenzeka ukulandelela imibhalo yayo ecacile kwifilosofi yasendulo. Kwabe sekuvela amafomu kanye nezinhlobo zokuqashelwa, ukuhlaziywa kobufakazi bokwazi kwenziwa futhi imibuzo yokuthola ulwazi lweqiniso, okwaqala ukungaqiniseki - inkambo ehlukile yokuqondisa, kwakucatshangelwa. Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, ngokuphathelene nokuthola umbono wezenkolo ngezwe jikelele, i-epistemology yaqala ukuphikisa amandla omqondo ukuba athole izambulo. Ngenxa yinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isiyalo sithuthukile kakhulu.

Esikhathini esisekelwe esikhathini esisha, kunezinguquko ezibonakalayo kwifilosofi, okufaka phambili inkinga yokuqashelwa. Uhlobo lwezesayensi lwakhiwa, oluzobizwa ngo-1832 ngokuthi i-epistemology. Ukuphumelela okunjalo kwakungenzeka ngenxa yokubukeza kabusha komuntu endaweni yakhe emhlabeni, uyaphela ukuba abe ithoyizi ezandleni zamandla aphezulu, athola intando yakhe kanye nemithwalo yakhe yemfanelo.

Izinkinga ze-epistemology

Umlando ocebile wesiyalo kanye nezikole ezihlukahlukene ukuvula imibuzo eminingi efuna impendulo. Izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-epistemology, evamile kuzo zonke izinkomba, zilandelayo.

1. Izimbangela zokuqashelwa . Kusho ukuthola izidingo zokuthola izincazelo zalokho okwenzekayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi bahlanganisa isidingo sokulindela izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo ngenkinga eyinkimbinkimbi yesistimu, ngaphandle kwalokhu impendulo yemisebenzi emisha izobe ibaleke njalo.
2. Izimo zokuthola ulwazi . Zihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu: imvelo, umuntu, kanye nesimo sokumelelwa kweqiniso ngokoqobo.
3. Sesha umthombo wolwazi . I-Epistemology ihlola leli phuzu ngosizo lwezinkinga eziningana okumelwe zihlinzeke ngomqondo wenkampani yokuqala yokuthutha ulwazi, into yokuqaphela.

I-Epistemology - Izinhlobo

Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa komcabango wefilosofi, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo eziyinhloko zezincwadi ze-epistemology zazivelele.

1. Ukuziphendulela ngokweqile . Umgca weqiniso yizingxenye zomqondo, akukho umehluko phakathi kokubona komuntu kanye nesimo sangempela sezinto lapha.
2. Sensualism . Kufakazela ulwazi kuphela ngesisekelo senzwa, uma engekho, khona-ke ulwazi engqondweni aluveli, ngoba umuntu uhlala kuphela ezinhliziyweni, futhi ngaphesheya kwawo umhlaba awukho.
3. Ukulinganisa . Ulwazi lwangempela luyotholakala kuphela ngosizo lwengqondo ngaphandle kokucabangela idatha edluliselwa yizinzwa , okungaqondakali iqiniso.
4. Ukungabaza . Ungabaza ngazo zonke izici zolwazi, ucele ukuba angavumelani nemibono yeziphathimandla, kuze kube yilapho ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwenziwa.
5. I-Agnosticism . Ukhuluma ngokungenakukwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele izwe - kokubili imizwa nengqondo inikeza izingcezu zokwazi kuphela okwanele ukuthola isithombe esigcwele.
6. Ukuqiniseka okungqondweni . Ukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola ulwazi olunzulu lwezwe.

I-epistemology yesimanje

Isayensi ayikwazi ukugxila, ithonywe enqubeni yentuthuko ngethonya lezinye izigwegwe. Esigabeni samanje, izikhombisi-ndlela eziyinhloko ze-epistemology yizinto ezinengqondo zokucabanga, ukungaqiniseki kanye nokungazi lutho, okubhekwa njengendlela emigwaqweni yezibalo eziningi. Ngaphezu kwefilosofi, kwengqondo, indlela, informatics, umlando wesayensi kanye logic kufakiwe lapha. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izindlela ezinjalo zokuxhumana zizosiza ukuqonda inkinga ngokujulile, ukugwema ukutadisha okungenasisekelo.

I-epistemology: izincwadi

1. S.A. Askoldov, "i-Epistemology. Izihloko » . Izimiso ze-epistemology, ezihambisana nomqondo we-panpsychism ohlongozwayo yi-AA Kozlov, zichazwe. Umbhali walezi zihloko uyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwawo.
2. M. Polani, "Ulwazi lomuntu siqu" . Kuzinikele ekutadisheni uhlobo lwolwazi ngokubambisana kwefilosofi kanye ne-psychology yokuqonda.
3. L.A. Mikeshina, "Ifilosofi yolwazi. Izahluko ezinengqondo . " Ichaza izinkinga ezishiywe kumshini wokushisa emuva noma impikiswano.