I-pathology, ngemuva kwalokho igama elithi "umlomo wempuphu" lihleliwe, livame ukutholakala ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngesibhakabhakeni sokuhlukaniswa, zonke izingane eziyizinkulungwane zizalwa namuhla. Umlomo wempisi akuyona isifo, kodwa i-innate syndrome, lapho i-fissure yenziwa khona emlonyeni othobekile nobunzima wesisu esiswini lomama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singaba nesifo se-Stickler, i-Van der Wood noma i-Loyce-Dits.
Umlomo wempisi ubukeka njengesikhumba esikhulu esakhiwe phakathi kwe-lip engenhla ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Ayikho imingcele phakathi kwemicu yomlomo neyomlomo, ngakho-ke ingane inezinhlobo zokuphefumula, ukugwinya nokuphuza. I-vice iyabonakalisa kwelinye lamafomu amane:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwephunga elithambile;
- ukuhlanza kokuhlanzeka okunciphisa futhi okuyingxenye yelungu elinzima;
- Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlangene okukodwa komlenze okhuni noluthambile;
- ukuhlukaniswa okuhlangene kwamabili.
Lesi sipho se-maxillofacial sivame kakhulu, kodwa umuntu angayilahla.
Izimbangela zezinkinga
Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sipho se-maxillofacial yisisindo sokuguqula izakhi. Amathanga emasipha omntwana akhiwa phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Uma kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fetal le nqubo ithonywe yizinto eziningana, khona-ke ukuqubuzana kwezinqubo zamathambo zomhlathi ophezulu ngethambo elincane esisekelweni se-skull (vomer) alitholakali. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imisipha ayihambisani kahle, okuholela ekwakheni igebe esibhakabhakeni esithambile. Kulokhu, ubulili bomntwana abukhathali, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono engqondo nangokomzimba emlonyeni wesilwane akuthintekile.
Izimbangela zokubunjwa komlomo wempisi zingabuye zibe ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yalesi sifo emkhunjini iyakhula uma owesifazane okhulelwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-trimester esebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa, ukubhema , uhlushwa kakhulu yi-toxicosis noma isisindo esiningi (ukukhuluphala kwama-degree degrees). Izinto ezingokwemvelo, iminyaka yobudala (iminyaka engama-35 nangaphezulu), nokuphila, nokukhathazeka ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi kunomphumela omuhle.
Ukwelashwa nokubikezela
Ukuze ubone ukuthi ubukhona be-fetus emlonyeni wesilwane kungaba khona nge-ultrasound ngaphambi kweviki le-14 lokukhulelwa, kodwa uhlobo lokuhlunga nokuxilongwa okuqondile luzosungulwa kuphela emva kokuzalwa. Inqubo yokubeletha ivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi, ngenxa yokwahlukana kwengane iguqula i-amniotic fluid, ngezinye izikhathi iholela ekuthuthukiseni i-aspiration pneumonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezinalesi sifo sokubeletha kunzima ukuphefumula ngokwabo, futhi ukuphuza nokugwinya kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-obturators akhethekile ukuvala uhlaka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, banesisindo esibi kakhulu kunezontanga zabo, futhi izifo zokuphefumula zivame kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ikhwalithi yenkulumo ihlupheka. Ngisho nokuhlinzwa ngomlomo wempisi akuqinisekisi ukuthi inkulumo izoba ilungile. Kodwa ukusebenza, hhayi yedwa, kuyadingeka!
Ukwelashwa komlomo wempisi kuqala enyangeni eyizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Okokuqala, odokotela abahlinzayo basepulasitiki balungisa iziphambeko emanzini athambile.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzekwe odokotela ababili kuya kweyisikhombisa epulasitiki. Ngaphezu kwabahlinzayo abahlinzayo, ama-orthodontists, i-ENTs, amazinyo wamazinyo, izazi zengqondo zezingane kanye nabahlengikazi bezinkulumo kufanele basize isiguli esincane. Uma usizo lwezokwelapha nolwengqondo luhlanganiswa nemisebenzi ekhaya, bese uneminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa, umntwana ngeke abe ohlukile kunontanga yakhe, angaphila ngokugcwele, adlale imidlalo futhi afunde esikoleni esivamile.