Njengoba kudlule isikhathi lapho iplanethi yayibuswa ama-ferns, izinhlobo zazo zazimangazwa yizinhlobonhlobo zamaqabunga futhi zakhiwe zonke izinhlobo ze-planses, futhi manje zakha amaxhaphozi ikakhulukazi emazweni amanzi namafudumele. Ukuze isitshalo sesimanje sesimanje, izitshalo zokuqala ziyigugu lokuhlobisa futhi zingahlobisa ngokuphelele ingaphakathi.
Izinhlobo ze-fern zokuhlobisa
Okuhlukanisa ama-ferns ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zazo zineziqabunga ezingavamile, kodwa ama-pre-regions asekuqaleni (vayi), okuyinto ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo ibe yindlala. Ikhwalithi yesibili ezithakazelisayo yikhono lokuzala, kokubili okunomsoco kanye nokudla, okwenza lezi zilwane ziphilayo. Izinhlobo eziphakeme nezinezinhlanzi zezitshalo ezihlangene nazo, emahlathini asemoyeni ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi anesifo esincane esifana ne-rhizome ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Emvelweni ovundile, ekhula ngaphezu komhlaba, i-vayas ikwazi ukufinyelela ezikhulu kakhulu.
Abantu baseYurophu banesithakazelo kakhulu ezimfanelo zokuhlobisa zalezi zitshalo zasendulo, ngakho kancane kancane abantu baqala ukuhlukanisa izihlahla zasendle, izinhlobo zasendlini. Bayakwazi ukuhlobisa ngokuphelele indawo, ukuze babe isizinda sezimbali, ngokungafani nokuhlwanyela okujwayelekile kwe-deciduous plantings. Emazweni ashisayo, amafomu anamandla afana nezihlahla asebenza njengomthombo wezinto zokwakha, futhi izimpande futhi zihluma ngezinhlanzi ezinamanye amazwe ezisetshenziselwa ukudla.
Kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ama-ferns asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa insimu ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezincane zitshalwe ezitsheni, zidala kuzo izivande ezithandekayo zamaselula. Amafomu e-Ampel asanda kuba imfashini, ngakho-ke amaqabunga alenga nge-Pellet noma ezinye izihlahla ezincane kule njongo zizosebenza kahle. Zingaba namapulangwe amakhulu, ama-loggias, amafasitela edolobha, amatharasi.
Emasimini asebenzisa ama-fern kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngokuvamile olusinda kulesi simo sezulu. Ngokwesiko, zitshalwe eduze kwezingodo, zijwayele ukuhlomisa izivande zaseJapane , zihlobisa indawo yokupaka ngesitayela semvelo. Ama-ferns aphezulu asondela eduze kwemifudlana, emabhange amachibi noma emifula. I-bamboo, i-primrose yaseJapane, i-sedge, izihlahla ze-coniferous, ama-irises, ama-rhododendron, izinhlobo zehlathi zezitshalo ezinobuningi zingatshalwa eduze kwazo. Ama-rhizomes of ferns asakazeka masinyane futhi ashaya omakhelwane, kunconywa ukuthi banciphise ukukhula kwabo noma ukwabela izindawo eziphambili zokwakhiwa.
U-Fern davalia
Uma sicabangela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi, izinhlobo zazo kanye namagama, abalimi abaningi banakekele njalo i-davallia, enewayini le-original yangunxantathu. Lesi sitshalo singasheshe sihlonishwe izimpande zomoya, ezihlanganisa izimbiza ngokuqinile, njengemilenze enomuncu yesilwane esihle. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezithakazelisayo zaleli fern ezinezimfanelo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa:
- I-dvalily ikhulu kakhulu - i-waii iyinxantathu, i-pinnate, ifinyelela ubude obungama-50 cm nobubanzi buka-25 cm, ubude be-petiole bufinyelela ku-30 cm. I-rhizome inomzimba omncane, ogcwele amazinga wesimo se-filiform.
- I-Dahvalia Canary - ama-fern ahlobisa kakhulu amaqabunga amaqabunga afika ku-45 cm ubude. Ama-canaries aqondile, izimpande zinombala obomvu, i-pubescent emnandi, isitshalo esiphambanisa kakhulu nesitshalo.
- I-Dvallia pemphigus - izinhlobo ze-ferns ezithakazelisayo nezinhle kakhulu, izinhlobo ze-canary nezinhlobo ze-pemphigus zibukeka ngendlela efanayo, kodwa amahlamvu esitshalo sokugcina avuvuka kancane futhi afushane (kufinyelela ku-25 cm). I-sporangia ebomvu eziqongweni zezintaba zangaphambili zibonakala ngokucacile.
- I-Davallia Marisa - ukuphakama kwezihlahla kufikele ku-25 cm, i-villi ezimpandeni zilula, ezifanele ukulima kwangaphakathi.
UFern Millipede
Uma uzama ukuthola ama-ferns abusika ebusika, izinhlobo zezitshalo zomhlabathi ovulekile, bese ukutshala endaweni yesigceme kuyoba yindlela enhle kunazo zonke. Amahlamvu anesikhumba, ubude obuyi-20 cm, i-rhizome eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka segolide, inwabuzelayo. Izindlu zifakwe emaqabunga emigqa emibili eceleni kwentambo ephakathi. I-centipede iyi-fern edliwayo, enezimpande ezinomsoco, esetshenziselwa imithi yomdabu emazweni amaningi. Kuwo, amafutha abalulekile akhishwa futhi imithi yenziwa.
UFern adianum
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-aernum, i-adianum ibhekwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, evame ukubhekwa kubantu njengegama elimangalisayo elithi "Venus of Hair", ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izimbali zomshado. Ukulimala okuphela kwalolu hlobo lwesitshalo sezinto zokuhlobisa ukukhishwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokusika. I-adiantum yensimu yensiza ikhula kuze kube ngu-60 cm ubude, ibe nezimpande ezinwabuzelayo ezimnyama, amapulethi we-vayi ayinamaphini, afinyelela ubude obungama-40 cm. Izigaba ze-wai zinomumo wokuqala ovoid, omncane, obomvu okwenziwe phansi.
I-Fern pteris
Ngaphandle, i-pteris iphuma ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwayo yonke imindeni ye-ferns, ezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobo azikwazi ukuziqhayisa amaqabunga aqoshiwe asetshenzisiwe ezinhlobonhlobo ze-pterygoid nombala we-palette ocebile. Kunezinhlobo zephethini, eziphuzi-eziluhlaza, ezimhlophe-eziluhlaza, ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-ptersis ziyi:
- itheyipu,
- amaqabunga amade,
- ukuthuthumela,
- high-cut,
- xiphoid.
Fern Grozdovnik
Igama layo lifanelwe kahle ngenxa yezinhlobo zezici ze-sporiferous ingxenye yehlumela ekhula kusukela empandeni ye-vai, futhi iphetha nge-panicle, lapho kuvuthwa khona nokulinda ihora labo lokuphikisana. Le fern emasimini iboniswa yizinhlobo ezingesabi neze isimo sezulu esibi, futhi zihlala ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia njengesiko sasendle. Izinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko zokucwenga:
- i-lanceolate,
- i-virginia,
- kwahlukaniswa,
- semilunar,
- chamomile,
- elula,
- eqinile,
- enyakatho,
- intaba,
- eningizimu,
- umkhwenyana kaJenman.
Uhlamvu lweFern
Lesi esinye isitshalo, esibukeka kancane sifana nama-ferns avamile. Ukubukeka okungavamile kunikezwa kuwo wonke amaqabunga e-lanceolate ifomu kuze kufike kuhhafu yemitha ngobude nangokuphakama okungaba ngu-7 cm. Izisindo zinamathele kusuka ohlangothini oluphambene ngesimo sezingxenyana ezihamba ngokulinganayo zombala we-gray. Kuzolimo izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamapheshana zisetshenziswa:
- fern leaflet evamile (skolopendrovy),
- i-leaflet undulata - ngamaqabunga e-wavy,
- i-leafy marginatum - enewayini eline-lobed,
- I-cristatum leaflet yindlela yokuma,
- i-leaflet crispa - ngamaqabunga e-perforated,
- i-leaflet Ramo Cristatum - izihlahla ezinama-chic ezinamaqabunga ama-wavy amakhulu,
- Iziqabunga zaseJapane - izihlahla ezinama-rosette amaningi kanye namakhredithi e-leather lanceolate aqoshiwe kuze kufike ku-40cm ubude.
Pelley fern
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-ferns, incazelo yalesi sitshalo esincane esinezinhlamvu ezihamba phambili zethanta njalo ibangela isithakazelo esiqotho phakathi kwabaflorisi. Ibukeka kahle uma ikhulile ngesitshalo se-potted ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kanye namaqabunga okuqala. Emazweni ahlukene, u-Pelley fern ubizwa ngokuthi inkinobho noma inkinobho ye-fern, ubude bamahlumela awo ufinyelela ku-40 cm, kodwa uma kwenzeka ukulima kwangaphakathi, kunomkhawulo wamasentimitha angu-15. Ngendlu, izinhlobo eziningana zalesi sitshalo esingavamile zingathengwa:
- UPeleya ubomvu obomvu,
- UPeleya uhlaza,
- I-Pellea inhle-imnyama,
- U-Pelley uhamba.
UFern Common Fern
Ukhozi oludala lwesitshalo luvelele ehlathini oluvela kwezinye izinhlobo kalula. Amahlumela awo akhula avela e-rhizome enezingqimba hhayi ezihlahleni, kodwa ngamunye ekude ngamasentimitha angu-10. Izinqubo ezingaphansi komhlaba zijulile futhi zikwazi ukubhekana nemililo enzima. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokhozi - sinesiteji sesigxobo esiphezulu ngesimo sehlumela lomkhonto. Ingxenye engezansi yazo ihlala ingenalutho, kanti phezulu kuphenduka amaqabunga e-chic. Ukubukeka ngokuphumelelayo ngaphakathi kwezilwane ezimibalabala - izinhlobo zokhozi ezinamahlumela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama noma obomvu.
Fernus asplenium
Ngenkathi ufunda umbuzo wokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zama-fern, uqinisekile ukuthi unesithakazelo kulesi sitshalo. Sekude isikhathi eside (kufinyelela ku-75 cm) amaqabunga onke aluhlaza okwenziwe ngobumnene anezingqimba eziphihliwe. Zibukeka ziqhakazile futhi zihlala ziqinile, kodwa ngokuphatha ngokungenandaba ziyakwazi ukubhekana nokuzikhandla ngokushesha. E-floriculture yangaphakathi, i-asplenium ehlwanyelwe kusukela ngekhulu le-XIX, yayisetshenziswe ngaphambilini ekwelapheni ipeni. Izinhlobo ezidumile ze-asplenium:
- isidleke,
- i-bulbous,
- i-antique.
I-Fern Ostrich
Lolu hlobo lufana nempapa yezinyoni, evuleka kumitha nengxenye ende njengemfutho yokuhlobisa. Amahhashi ezinwabuzelayo kancane kancane anika inzalo entsha, ekwakheni ama-dense ambalwa. Endalweni yemvelo, insimu engadini yensimu yensimu ingatholakala eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude naseCaucasus. Uthanda ukukhula emahlathini amanzi nama-floodplains of rivers. Emasimini asekhaya kufanele atshalwe endaweni e-shady, ezindaweni ezimanzi, eduze kwezicingo kanye namatshe okuhlobisa.
Fern Shield
I-Rhizome kulezi zinhlobo imfushane, i-cylindrical, ngobukhulu obuyi-10 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ihlanganiswe nama-tubercles, okwenza izinsalela zama-petioles amaqabunga endala. Ngaphezulu kwendoda yesihlangu yesikhumba ihlotshiswe nge-rosette enesixha esinamandla samaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuze kube semitha ubude. Izinyosi ezincane ezinjengomkhumbi zikhula futhi ziveze ngesikhathi sasehlobo. I-scimitar inobuthi, kepha isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa njenge-helminthic, ukuhlanza, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinzwa. Uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho, ukuzama izimpande zaleli fern kuyingozi.
Ukuhlanzeka kukaFern
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-fern ezihlanzekile, incazelo ehlukile ngokuhlukile. Izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zasebukhosini (spring) zinezinhlamvu ezibomvu zize zifinyelele ku-2 m ubude, ziqhubeke nombala wazo zibe luhlaza okwedlulele, futhi ngekwindla yegolide. I-subspecies yase-Asia ibonakala ngamagqabi amamitha obomvu, aphendulela i-orange ngo-Septhemba, ekwakheni izindawo zokuqala ezivuthayo emahlathini. Uhlobo lokuhlanzeka kukaKayton luyinto engavamile, lesi sitshalo sibukeka njengama-subspecies ase-Asia, kepha i-sporanga ikhula kusukela phakathi nesikhungo, hhayi ukukhula ngokwehlukana.