Ukukhipha (leli gama livela egameni lesiLatini elithi abstractio, elisho ukukhipha) likhomba ukubuka kwesimo, umuntu noma into evela endaweni ekhonjiwe yokubona. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukuphazamiseka okuvela kulokho okushoyo kanye nekhono lokuhlola isimo ngokujwayelekile. Umqondo wokubamba iqhaza wadlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kwezesayensi eziningi.
Ukukhipha isibonelo
Noma yikuphi ukukhipha kudinga izenzo ezimbili: owokuqala kunemininingwane encane nemincane, okwesibili kugxila kulo mcimbi ngokujwayelekile futhi kubalulekile, imininingwane enencazelo.
Isibonelo, ukuze ufunde ukunyakaza, qala ukulahla ukuhamba kwe-curvilinear kuzo zonke izinhlobo zayo, ke-ukunyakaza okusheshayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ifomu elihlanzekile kunazo zonke nelula lihlala lihlolisise, libonakalise lokho okushiwo. Ngakho-ke, ukuxoshwa kuwumkhuba wokugxila ezimweni ezinhle.
Naphezu kokuthi lokhu kubonakala sengathi kuyisisekelo, kukhishwa okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa nokufunda imibono ebaluleke kakhulu - ijubane, isikhathi, ibanga, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukuxoshwa kuyindlela yokuqonda.
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukulahla okungabalulekile, kwesibili, futhi ugxile kubaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi empilweni yomuntu kuningi izimo lapho kubalulekile ukucacisa isiqondiso esiyinhloko nokungafaki amandla ngeze, ukuphalaza ngamathambo. Thola ngebhizinisi eliyinhloko futhi usize ukukhipha. Ukukhipha nokucaciswa
Umqondo ngamunye unomqondo ohlukile. Ukukhipha nokuncintisana kufana nokubuka eduze nokude. Uma usondele, uzocubungula yonke imininingwane ngemininingwane (ukwenziwa), kodwa ume kude, uzokwazi ukuhlola umqondo njengento yonke, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa yizicucu (ukukhipha). Ngakho-ke, lena yimiqondo emibili ehlukile.
Kulula ukufanekisa nesibonelo. Uma uthi "Ngizolahlekelwa isisindo" kuyisenzo esinqunyiwe. Futhi uma uthi "Ngizoyeka amahle futhi ngizokwenza ekuseni ukugijima" - lokhu kuyiqiniso.
Indlela yokukhipha kanye nenhloso yayo
Ukushiya ingqondo kwengqondo nezinye izinsizakalo kusenza sikwazi ukufeza izinhloso eziningi ezizosiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono isimo sento, into noma umuntu. Le ndlela yokuhlaziya ikuvumela ukuba uphonsa izimo ezithile futhi ubheke konke, ukuze imigomo elandelayo ifinyelelwe:
- Dala isampula. Uma sikhetha impahla ethile noma ikhwalithi yento ethile bese sikhetha njengesihluthulelo, singagxiliwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela sithole ekahle. Kuyacaca ukuthi empeleni lokhu akukwazi ukukhona, kodwa okulinganayo okulinganayo kungase kube yindawo yokuqala yombono futhi ucabange ngomqondo.
- Ukukhomba. Kuyisimiso sokuqeda okusiza ukucinga izici ezivamile ezenzakalweni nasezenzweni. Kulesi simo, ukunakwa kugxile kwi-jikelele, futhi imininingwane ehlukanisiwe ayishiywe.
- Ukucaca nokucacisa. Ukufeza le njongo, qaphela
igxila emqondweni othile, okuvumela, isibonelo, ukubona imingcele ngencazelo yegama. Abstraction kusiza ukuhlukanisa imiqondo phakathi kwabo. - I-generalization kanye nesistimu. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ukukhiqiza kanye nokukhipha ngokujwayelekile kuhlobene kakhulu. Ukufeza lo mgomo, ukunakwa kugxile ezintweni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa imiqondo emaqenjini afanele. Iqembu ngalinye lizimele futhi libandakanya imiqondo ejwayelekile, kodwa ihluke kwamanye amaqembu aneminye imininingwane ejwayelekile.
Ungasebenzisa ukuhlukana kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ukususa emininingwaneni engadingekile, kulula kakhulu ukugxila kulokho okushiwo yi-phenomenon of interest.