Kunconywa futhi kuyasiza ukucubungulwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo, ngakho ungagcina izihlahla nezihlahla, uthuthukise isivuno futhi uvimbele ukufa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimali ezibalulekile ukusebenzisa imithetho ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle kuphela.
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu kusuka ezinambuzane
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokupuniza ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane ezingase zenzeke phakathi nonyaka, futhi ikakhulukazi ziyingozi ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthandeni izinzuzo zesitshalo. Abanini bezandla bahlukanisa izigaba ezinjalo: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yokucubungula insimu, ngaphambi kokuqedwa kwezinso, ngaphambi nangemva kwemifula nangesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-ovari. Qaphela ukuthi ukuchithwa kwenziwa kusukela phezulu kwekhanda kuya esihlahleni, kusukela emagatsheni aphezulu. Ekugcineni, i-trunk nenhlabathi zicutshungulwa nxazonke.
Ukulungiselela ukucubungulwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu
Esigadini ungagula amakhemikhali akhethekile okuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo. Ukusetshenziswa kwentwasahlobo yentwasahlobo:
- Ngaphambi kokuba ifihlekile ihlume, ingadi ingafafazwa ngeNisaran noma eBorneo. Babhekana namaqanda nezibungu.
- Uma amaqabunga ehlumela ekhuphuka futhi izimbali seziphelile, ukulungiselela okunjalo kungasetshenziswa ukucubungula insimu: "HOM" no "Fufanon".
- Ngezibungu, izinambuzane nezifo ezindala, ama-Prestige nama-Mospilan amalungiselelo, anesenzo sokuxhumana nokuxhumana, azosiza ekubhekaneni nakho.
- Kukhona izindlela zamakhemikhali ezenzakalweni ezisebenza kahle ngokumelene nama-aphid, ama-pseudo kanye nezibungu, isibonelo, " Aktara ", "Carbofos" ne "Benzophosphate".
- Ngokumelene nezinambuzane ze-gnawing, ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo ensimini ngokumelene nezilokazane nezifo kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kokumiswa kwe "Phosphamide", "Gordon", "Zolon" noma "Trichlorometaphos".
Ama-Bioinsecticide, enobungane futhi engabungozi kubantu nasezilwaneni, kufanele ahlukaniswe ngokwehlukana. Ukuze ulungise lezi zidakamizwa sebenzisa isikhunta esiwusizo namabhaktheriya abhubhisa umzimba wezinambuzane. Izindlela ezinjalo njengeBoverin, Lepidotsid, Verticillin, Aktofit nezinye zithandwa. Lezi zidakamizwa zinomphumela wesistimu kanye nomthelela wokuxhumana. Isikhathi sabo sokusebenza sifushane kunamalungiselelo amakhemikhali, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwenziwa kaningi. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa iboniswa emaphaketheni.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngu-urea
Ngosizo lomanyolo odumile, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwesikhumba, ukubola, nezinye izinkinga. Ukwenziwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu ye-urea kukwazi ukubulala izimpungushe namaqanda ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo omuhle, ngoba une-nitrogen eningi, ebalulekile ekusebenziseni inkathi ekhulayo. Ukuze ulungiselele ukulungiselela, u-1 kg wezinkuni umuthi kufanele uhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uketshezi kumele kubiliswe okwesikhashana, ukhiphe futhi ugcizelele. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziselwa ukumnika okudingekayo ukungeza i-20 g yesepha kanye no-30 g we-urea.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nge-sulfate yethusi
Abalimi abaningi baphoqeleka entwasahlobo ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo, baphuthukise intwasahlobo ngale ndlela. Iphikisana kahle ne- powdery isikhutha , isikhumba, ukubola njalonjalo. Ukucubungula insimu entwasahlobo nge-sulfate yethusi kungenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezahlukene. Uma ufuna ukuthola umphumela omuhle, bese uxuba i-vitriol nge-lime e-slaked, uthatha izithako ngokulinganisela okulinganayo.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu entwasahlobo nge-vitriol yensimbi
Ukuze kutholakale ukugcoba nokugcoba, i-vitriol yensimbi ingasetshenziswa, okubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezinambuzane nezifo. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga abe fomu, ngoba angashiswa, okuyinto engathinta kabi izimbali. I-sulphate ye-iron ayivunyelwe ukuhlanganiswa ne-lime nezinye izingxenye ezesaba ama-alkali. Kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ukucubungula yini ingadi entwasahlobo yesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-vitriol ye-iron, ngakho-ke ukufafaza kwezihlahla zezithelo zamatshe, u-3% uketshezi oludingekayo, kanti abanye - 4%. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezihlahla kusetshenziswe isisombululo se-2% kufanelekile.
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa komuthi okhuni. Hlanganisa 3 tbsp. amanzi abilayo kanye no-1 tbsp. uphuni oluthuliwe, bese ubambelela ezinsukwini ezintathu. Ngemva kwalokhu, engeza lokhu ku-9 l wamanzi amile bese ubeka elinye i-50-600 g ye-sulfate enefremu. Ithuluzi elenziwe ngomumo alishayeli nje kuphela insimu, kodwa futhi lisela amanzi enhlabathini.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu entwasahlobo yaseBordeaux ingxube
Enye yezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezithandwa kakhulu ukwelashwa izifo zefungal isetshenziswa ingxube ka-3% yaseBordeaux . Ukuze uyilungiselele, 300 g we-sulfate yethusi (ehlanjululwe ngamanzi angu-1 litre) kanye no-400 g we-lime (ehlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-9 wamanzi) axutshwe. Esikhathini sesisombululo se-lime, uthele ngomusa uketshezi lwesibili. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqedwe, kepha ukushisa sekuvele kufike. Kubalulekile ukuthi akukho moya nomoya omanzi. Ukwelashwa kwensimu neBordeaux kuphindaphindiwe, lapho kuvela amahlumela, kodwa kuphela ikhambi kufanele libe ngu-1%.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu ngeNitrofen entwasahlobo
Ikhambi eliphumelelayo elibulala ama-parasites, umsizi, ama-lichen kanye nokubona. Gcina isikhathi sokwelashwa kwensimu nge-Nitrofen, ngakho-ke ukushisa okwenziwa entwasahlobo kuqhutshwa ngoMashi, lapho izinso zivaliwe, njengoba ukulungiswa kuzoshisa amaqabunga, kanti umuthi kanye nezihlahla zizofa. Ukwenza isixazululo sokupuniza, udinga ukungeza ingilazi ye-Nitrofen kumabhakede wamanzi ayi-10 litre.
Ukusingatha insimu ngezindlela zomhlobo zentwasahlobo
Ngokufafaza ngesikhathi sonyaka ka-spring, ama-folk remedies ayasetshenziswa kaningi, ngoba kunezinto ezinobudlova okudingekayo ukuze kubhubhise izinambuzane nezifo. Ukukhishwa kwentwasahlobo yasemuva yensimu ngamakhambi omuntu kunconywa njengenqubo ephindaphindiwe yokulungisa umphumela owenziwe ngenxa yamalungiselelo amakhemikhali. Zokupheka kahle:
- Ukwehlisa i-garlic. Gaya u-0.5 kg wegalikhi bese uthele ama-3 amalitha amanzi. Ukumisa amahora ambalwa, bese ukhula. I-garlic futhi, bese ucindezela. Hlanganisa lezi ziphuzo ezimbili ezitholakalayo bese wengeza amanzi ukuze ekugcineni uthole ama-10 amalitha e-garlic flavour ukucubungulwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu.
- Ukwehliswa kocuba. Thela ugwayi noma ugwayi ogwayi ngamanzi, ugcine isilinganiso 1:10. Nika isixazululo usuku, bese usula bese ungeza amanzi, ukwandisa ivolumu ngesigamu. Ngaphambi kokusifiphaza ufake ama-10 amalitha okukhipha ama-gramu angu-40 esoya.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu entwasahlobo ngeoli dizeli
Izinqubo ze-Spring zokuvimbela izifo ezenzekayo kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane zingabandakanya ukwelashwa nge-diesel fuel, okuyinto ephumelelayo ezifweni ezifayilini nezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi ngokumelene nezimpungushe zezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Ukwelashwa kwensimu enamafutha ashisayo kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo kuholela ekubunjweni kwemithi yefilimu engavumeli ukuphefumula kwe-oksijeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinambuzane zibhubha. Kulesi simo, izitshalo azihambisani nesenzo sezingxenye ezisebenzayo, kodwa inqubo kumele yenziwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho.
- Ukupheka, hlanganisa ama-20 amalitha wamafutha we-dizeli kanye nama-5 amalitha wobumba namanzi. Isixazululo singasetshenziswa ngisho nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Okokuqala zama ngakho egatsheni elilodwa ukuze ubone ukusabela.
- Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kusho ukusho isixazululo, futhi kudingeka wenze konke ngokucophelela.
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu nge potassium permanganate ne-ammonia
Ikhambi elihle kanye nomanyolo yisisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Uyabhekana kahle nezifo ze-fungal. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kwentwasahlobo yensimu ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini ye-alkaline noma engathathi hlangothi. Ukulungisa isixazululo ku-1 tbsp. amanzi, thumela kancane i-potassium permanganate ukwenza i-pink pink. Fafaza izitshalo uma ungenayo amaqabunga nezimbali okwamanje.
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu ne-ammonia nakho kuyasebenza futhi kusebenza, ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni ama-aphid. Ukwenza isisombululo ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi, engeza izipuni ezimbili zomkhiqizo, nangaphambi kokufafaza 40 g isepha, okungcono ugaye ku-grater. Hlanganisa insimu kusihlwa izinsuku ezimbalwa nge-interval encane. Kubalulekile ukuphinda le nqubo okungenani kathathu.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu ngesisombululo sesepha
Indlela elula yokulawula izinambuzane iwaxosha ngamanzi asozini. Ungageza futhi uchithe. Ungathatha insimu yendlu noma i-tar ukuze usebenzise insimu. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-300 g ithathwa ngamalitha angu-100, futhi ku-100 g g. Inqubo yenziwa ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwamaqabunga. Enye insipho ingafakwa kwisisombululo somlotha, esizokhulisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Ukwelashwa kwensimu entwasahlobo yomswakama we-spring soda
Ukuze uvikele izihlahla nezihlahla ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo, ungasebenzisa isisombululo soda nesepha. Ukuze ulungiselele ku-1 ilitha lamanzi, engeza 2 tbsp. izinkezo ze-baking soda kanye no-50 g wesipho yokuhlanzwa okuhlutshiwe. Ukucubungulwa kwensimu nge-soda calcined kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga aluhlaza. Kunconywa ukuthi uphefule i-trunk, amagatsha, nombuthano oseduze we-trunk. Isixazululo soda singasetshenziselwa ukulungisa isivuno se-apula, isibonelo, uma ama-apula ekhula kakhulu, khona-ke ukuvuna kuyoba okujulile futhi kuyomuncu. Hlanganisa amalitha angu-10 amanzi kanye no-100 g usawoti obalwe.