Uma iseli lilahlekelwa ikhono lokuzikhethela futhi liqala ukwabelana ngokungalawuleki, ukubunjwa okusha kuvela endaweni yendawo yayo. Ngezinso azivamile, kodwa kubhekwa njengengozi kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okulungile kwalezi zakhiwo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolisise kahle futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, unqume uhlobo lweqoqo lamaselula.
Ama-Tumor Tumors - Ukuhlukaniswa
Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 e-neoplasms atholakalayo kulesi sitho ayingozi. Izinhlobo zezinso zesifo sezinso zingenalo yingozi, ngoba zijwayele ukukhula okusheshayo nokwandisa. Lokhu kubangela ukucindezela nokulimala okulandelayo emithanjeni yegazi, ukuphela kwemizwa ohlelweni lwe-urinary, kubangela ukuphuma kwangaphakathi kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu.
Esinye isisu sezinso sichazwa ngokwemvelaphi yaso - i-parenchyma noma i-pelvis. Esikhathini sokuqala, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo ezimbi ziyaziwa:
- i-fibroangiosarcoma;
- i-renal cell carcinoma;
- lipoangiosarcoma;
- ixubane le-Wilms tumor;
- i-myoangiosarcoma.
Ama-neoplasms kaBenignymatmatous:
- i-lipoma;
- i-adenoma;
- i-hemangioma;
- i-myxoma;
- i-fibroma;
- angiomyolipoma;
- i-myoma;
- i-oncocytoma;
- i-dermoid;
- lymphangioma.
Izicubu ezinonya ezikhulayo ezivela esikhwameni:
- i-squamous cell carcinoma;
- umdlavuza we-glandular;
- i-sarcoma;
- i-transitional cell carcinoma.
- Ukuqothulwa kwe-tumoral:
- i-angioma;
- i-papilloma;
- i-leiomyoma.
Ukwehla kwezinso - izimpawu, izimpawu
Ekuqaleni kokukhula kwe-neoplasm, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo akusekho noma kungabalulekile kangangokuthi bahlala ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele. Ziyabonakala lapho isifo sezinso sithuthuka futhi sikhula ngobukhulu - izimpawu zingabonakali futhi zifana nezinye izifo. Njengoba kubonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu esifundeni se-lumbar, kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngokushesha nesazi sezinzwa ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa.
Isisu sezinso ze-Benign
Iqembu elichazwe ngama-neoplasms alitholakali lihambisane nanoma yiziphi izimpawu, ikakhulukazi zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi se-ultrasound. Isithombe esitholakala emtholampilo singaba khona uma isifo sezinso esinezinso ezincane sezikhulile - izimpawu:
- ukucindezeleka komzimba;
- igazi emcimbini;
- ukucindezela noma ukuphumula ubuhlungu emuva komunye uhlangothi, ngokuvamile ukuyeka emthangeni noma ekuguleni;
- varicocele;
- ukwephula ukuphuma komchamo.
Ngezinye izikhathi isifo sezinso sifinyelela esilinganisweni esinjalo kangangokuba sibonakala sibukeka. Kubonakala sengathi i-bump ihamba phambili ngaphezu kwesikhumba. Umbala we-epidermis phezu kwesakhiwo esibucayi awushintshi. Ama-neoplasms anjalo alula futhi ahlukumezekile ngeminwe, ikakhulukazi uma ugoba kancane egazini elithintekayo noma ukugoba okhalweni.
I-neoplasm eyingozi yezinso
Zonke lezi zibonakaliso zezinhlelo ezinobungozi zingabonisa ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza. Ukwengeza, ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo kwemitholampilo kungenzeka kube khona:
- ukukhathala nokubuthakathaka;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- i-renal colic;
- ukuwohloka noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla;
- i-anemia;
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kuya kuma-37-38 degrees;
- isilinganiso se-erythrocyte high sedimentation;
- i-polycythemia;
- ukulimala okusobala ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi (ngenxa yezimiso ezincane zamasqamuzana angama-cell).
Ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kochwepheshe, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuthi isifo sezinso sezinso siqala-izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo esibuzwayo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni uhlobo lwesisu. Ucwaningo kanye nokwelashwa kwanoma yikuphi ukufometha kwesistimu ye-urinary kuthathwa odokotela ababili, urologist kanye nephrologist. Uma kutholakala ukuqoqwa okubi kwamaseli angakaziwa, umuntu kufanele abonisane nomculi wezinzwa.
Ukudumala kwezinso - ukuxilongwa
I-ultrasound ne-tomography ehlanganisiwe yizifundo eziyinhloko nezifundisayo kakhulu ze-neoplasm ezisolakala. Basiza ukuthola ngisho nesifo sezinso ezincane ezinkathini zokuqala zokukhula. Ngezinye izikhathi i-nephroscintigraphy nayo yenziwa - ukubonisa okucacile kwesigungu ngokusebenzisa ikhamera ye-gamma enezingeniso zokuqala zokulungiselela ama-radioactive.
Ukuhlolelwa komdlavuza wezinso kungafaka izifundo ezilandelayo:
- i-imagination resonance magnetic nge-agent ehlukile;
- i-kavografiya;
- i-aortography;
- i-renal arteriography;
- ukuphumula i-biopsy.
Amafomu amabizo ahlaziya futhi abangela ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu, ngakho-ke uhlu lwezinyathelo zokuxilonga luhlanganisa:
- i-radiography yamaphaphu;
- ukuhlaziywa kwegazi nomchamo;
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe ye-skull nomgogodla.
Ukugcoba ezinso - ukuthi benzeni?
Amasu okuphatha iziguli ngale nkinga incike ekutheni isimo se-neoplasms sinjani. I-tumor enesifo esincane esingabangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu, ayifuni ukukhula nokuguqulwa, ikhonjiswe kuphela ekubonweni nasekuhloleni okuvamile kwe-ultrasound. Izakhiwo ezinkulu eziphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu ye-urinary noma ezikwazi ukushintsha ikhwalithi yazo kuzodingeka zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
Lesi simo siyinkimbinkimbi uma isifo esibi esibuhlungu sezinso sifinyelelwa - ukwelashwa kuleli cala kukhethwe ngabanye kumuntu ngamunye ocatshangelwayo:
- isimo jikelele somzimba;
- isigaba somdlavuza;
- ukutholakala kanye nenani le-metastase;
- ubukhulu nendawo yesikhumba;
- izifo ezihlala njalo;
- izinga lokulimala ekuhloleni izitho nezinye izinkomba.
I-chemotherapy yama-classical kanye nokuvezwa kwemisebe ayikwazi ukusebenza nomdlavuza wezinso. Zisetshenziselwa kuphela izicubu ezingenakwenzeka njengamanyathelo asekela izinga lokuphila kwesiguli esingelapheki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo esiyinkinga imisiwe - ama-immunomodulators (i-alpha-interferon, i-interleukin-2 ne-5-fluorouracil) nokwelashwa kwama-hormone (oxyprogesterone).
Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha izinso ngesisu
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungabandakanya ukungabi nalutho kokubunjwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngokwezizinda ezincane zezicubu eziseduze noma ukususwa kwesigungu sonke. Okuwukuphela komgomo wokukhetha ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okuzokwenziwa phezu kwezinso kuyi-tumor enezici zayo. I-nephrectomy yama-radical (ukususwa okuphelele kwesigungu nezinhlaka eziseduze) kwenziwa uma i-neoplasm inezici ezilandelayo:
- ukulimala;
- usayizi omkhulu kakhulu;
- indawo yangasese eduze kwezingodo zensimbi;
- izibalo eziningi;
- ukukhula okusheshayo.
Isinqumo sokugcina sokuqokwa kohlobo lomsebenzi senziwa ngumqondisi wezinsizakalo. I-nephrectomy ehlanganyelanayo iholela ekukhubazekeni komuntu, kodwa kwezinye izimo ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile okuvulekile kuyindlela kuphela yokwandisa impilo yesiguli futhi kuvimbele umonakalo omkhulu futhi ongenakugwema ezingxenyeni ezihloswe zomdlavuza - ubuchopho, umgogodla namaphaphu.
I-laparoscopy yesifo sezinso
Ukuhlinzwa ngokucophelela kwenziwa ngemishini ekhethekile kakhulu nge-punctures ezincane edongeni lomzimba. Kunconywa ukuthi isifo sezinso ezinobuncane besayizi encane, uma ukuqoqwa kwamangqamuzana amangqamuzana akulona okwenziwe ukubola okubangelwa umdlavuza nokukhula. Lolu hlobo lokuhlukumeza okuhlinzekwayo luqinisekisa ukuthi kulondolozwa isilwane kanye nokubuya okusheshayo kwesiguli ekuphileni okuvamile. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, i-tumor yezinso kanye noqweqwe oluncane lwezakhi ezizungezile zisuswa. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kabusha kwezinhlaka zeselula ezinobuningi.
Ukuvuselelwa emva kokususwa kwezinso ngesisu somdlavuza
Ngenxa ye-nephrectomy engahlangene, isigaba sesibili esibambisene sithatha yonke umthwalo wesistimu ye-urinary. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womuntu oye wathola inqubo engenhla ukugcina imisebenzi yezinso ezinempilo. Kunconyiwe:
- amanzi enzima;
- ukuhamba ngezinsuku zokuhamba;
- ukususwa kwe-supercoolings;
- ukuvikeleka kunoma yiziphi izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuhlolwa okuvamile ne-nephrologist noma urologist.
Ukudla ngemuva kokususwa kwezinso ngesisu kufanele kufake ukudla okugaya ukudla okunamaprotheni aphansi. Isisekelo sokudla yilezi:
- izinhlobo ezincane zamafutha ezinhlanzi nenyama;
- isinkwa se-rye;
- ezinye imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu;
- izithelo nemifino.
Zonke izitsha zitshiswa, ziphekwe, ziphekwe noma zibhaka. Kubalulekile ukukhipha ngokuphelele:
- imikhiqizo yokubhema;
- ukukhethwa;
- ukudla okusemathinini;
- ukudla okuthosiwe namafutha.
Ukuthunga embonweni wezinso
Ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kuhlolwa esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu yokusinda. Uma i-neoplasm itholakele ekuqaleni, i-70-80%. Uma izivunguvungu ezinomsoco zihilelekile kule nqubo, isibonakaliso sinciphisa sibe ngu-40-60%. Lapho izilonda zesifunda zithinteka, 5-20%. Esikhathini esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza, izibikezelo zimbi kakhulu, iziguli ezingu-95% ziyafa zingakapheli iminyaka emihlanu emva kwe-nephrectomy. Ukuhlola okulungile kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela uma kutholakala isifo sezinso ezibulalayo - ukuthi bangaki abaphila ngokuxilongwa okunjalo, lochwepheshe uzophendula ngokuqondile.