Ngemva kokutshala umuthi omncane wesithelo, eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala siyajabula ngokuvuna okuhle kwezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezomnandi. Kodwa-ke, omdala isitshalo siba khona, isivuno saso siyancipha, futhi ukunambitheka kwama-apula noma amapheya kuhla. Umlimi wensimu owaziwayo uyazi ukuthi ukuze kuhlwanyelwe ukuba kulungiswe kahle, kudingeke ukuba kutholakale izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo.
Imithetho yokusika izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo
Lesi yisilinganiso se-agrotechnical esiyimpoqo - esinye sezici eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokunakekelwa komuthi. Phela, kunezinhlobonhlobo zemithi yezithelo, ngayinye ephendula ngendlela yayo ekususweni kwamagatsha kanye nezinguquko emgqeni. Kodwa-ke, kunemithetho ejwayelekile yokutshala izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo:
- Ukuze umsebenzi usebenzise ummese wokulima okhaliphile noma i-hacksaw.
- Ukunqunywa kufanele kwenziwe oblique. Kumele uqale ohlangothini oluphambene lwezinso bese uphela ehlathini lwe-apical.
- Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukususa amagatsha aphukile namahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele.
- Lapho usika izihlahla entwasahlobo, zama ukugcina lawo magatsha akhula ngokuzungezile, kodwa ukususa amahlumela aqondile noma aqondiswe phansi, ngoba izithelo zawo ziphansi.
- Ukunqunywa kufanele kwenziwe ngenqwaba ye-vegetative Budget.
- Ukuphunyuka konyaka owodwa kufanele kufushane kuzo izinso, kungashiyi lutho.
- Amahlumela amabili noma amane namagatsha amasha asemasimini adluliselwa ku-branching eseduzane noma endaweni lapho amagatsha amasha kufanele avele khona.
- Igatsha lesigceme kumele lisuswe kwezinye izingxenye. Ukunqunywa kokuqala kwenziwa ngo-30 cm ngaphezu kwesiqu, okwesibili - ngenhla kwangaphambilini ngo-2-5 cm, kanti isitshalo esisele kufanele sinqunywe "kwindandatho", ngemuva kokususa ubuso bokusika.
Ngabe ukuhlahla izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo?
Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi abangenalwazi banesithakazelo lapho beqala ukusika izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo. Amagama aqondile alo mcimbi awakwazi ukusekwa. Konke kuncike kunhlobo luni lesimo sezulu esendaweni yakini, entwasahlobo yasentshonalanga kufanele kube noma sekwephuzile. Okukhethwa kukho kungcono ngo-Mashi-Ephreli - umzuzwana ngaphambi kokuqala kokushiswa kosawoti kwezitshalo. Izihlahla ezincane zidliwa kuphela entwasahlobo.
Ngimaphi izinga lokushisa okwenza izihlahla zezithelo zivunwe?
Kuyoba ngcono uma ukushisa kwezulu ekudubula izihlahla zezithelo akuhloli ngokuthe xaxa. Ungaqedi amazinga okushisa ngezansi -8 ° C. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amagatsha emithi ahlambalaza futhi izingxenye zizobe zingalingani. Futhi ezimweni ezibandayo nemvula, ukugeleza kwezinsini ezitshalweni zamatshe kwanda. Ngakho-ke, ukusika izihlahla kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokushisa okukude ku-0 ° C.
Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo
Emithini yezithelo, inqubo yokusika izihlahla ezitholakala entwasahlobo yenza ngezindlela ezehlukene, futhi lokhu kuxhomeke emagatsheni lapho kutholakala khona isivuno. Ngakho-ke, izithelo zamapheya kanye nama-apula zivela kumahlumela asetshenziswayo, namantongomane, ama cherry, ama-plums - emagatsheni omnyaka odlule. Khumbula lokhu, uqale umsebenzi ensimini. Ukusika izihlahla kanye nokubunjwa kwezihlahla zezithelo kanje:
- Isiqu esiyinhloko semithi esinezinyosi sinqunywe, futhi ezinkulweni ezikhulayo ezinamandla zigcinwa.
- Amagatsha omncintiswano wamagatsha asezingeni eliphansi aqedwa.
- Hlanganisa amagatsha ekhula ngaphakathi komqhele.
- Amagatsha aqina kakhulu ahlanganiswa.
- Kusukela amagatsha waminyaka yonke kunqunywa impisi (ekhulayo phezulu) kanye ne-adipose (amahlumela wonyaka).
- Amagatsha akhula asusiwe.
Ukusika izihlahla zezithelo ezindala entwasahlobo
Izihlahla, ezineminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu, zibhekwa njengezidala. Inhloso yokwelulela "abalindi bezilwane" ezinjalo ukukhipha amagatsha aphikisayo bese ukhula umqhele omncane. Ukusika izihlahla zezithelo ezindala kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, le nqubo ye-agrotechnical inezici zayo siqu:
- Uma ususa amagatsha amadala e-cherry ne-cherry, khumbula ukuthi izinkuni zazo zibuthakathaka futhi zilula kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlumela lokukhula liphela kuphela ekugcineni kwamagatsha, ngakho awukwazi ukuwasika. Kudingeka ukususa kuphela igatsha lonke.
- Ukuchitha izihlahla zentwasahlobo ze-apricot endala, susa kuqala amagatsha akhula, ngoba athela izithelo kakade. Khona-ke amagatsha aqondiswa emgqeni anqunywe. Uma umuthi ubude kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukususa amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu akhula phezulu, ukuze akhule kangcono amahlumela aphansi.
- Ukuvuselela umuthi we-apple wesihlahla noma iphakathi kwe-pear, kuqala unciphise amagatsha amakhulu kunawo wonke, futhi uthathe owomile esihlahleni. Bese ususe lawo magatsha abamba umqhele. Ngemuva kwaloko, igatsha eliphakathi liyanqunywa ngokuphakama okungaba ngu-3.5 m. Kubalulekile futhi ukusika iziqongo, kodwa hhayi konke, kodwa ushiye izingcezu ezingu-10 ngokulinganayo kulo lonke umqhele.
Ukusika izihlahla ezincane zezithelo entwasahlobo
Uma nje umuthi usemusha, kulula ukwenza umqhele wawo ngendlela efanele, wenze kube lula futhi uvumeleke emoyeni, okuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo ukuthi kuthinte ikhwalithi yesitshalo. Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo ezincane kufanele kuhloswe ekugqugquzeleni ukukhula komqhele hhayi phezulu phezulu, kodwa ezinhlangothini. Ukuze senze lokhu, kufanele sinciphise amahlumela wonyaka. Amagatsha akhula ngokushesha angafinyelelwa ngu-50%, nalabo ababuthakathaka - ngo-25-30%.
Amaphutha ekufakeni izihlahla zezithelo
Abaningi abalimi bokuqala, bengayazi ukuthi isimiso sokutshala izihlahla zezithelo kanye nezici zokwakhiwa komqhele ngezitshalo ezahlukene, ngokushesha uqale ukusebenza futhi wenze okungalungile. Kukhona nalabo abavame ukungazinaki izihlahla, bazibophezele ekususweni kwamagatsha aphukile nabomile. Ukuze ukusika izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo ukuze kuphumelele futhi kuzuze, ake sicabangele amaphutha okugwema:
- Ukusika izikhathi. Umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, esikhathini esingaphambi kokunyakaza okusebenzayo kwamanzi emithini.
- Ukuphindaphinda njalo. Kumele kuqalwe ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokutshala lesihlahla.
- Ubukhona be-hemp. Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo kufanele kwenziwe "kwindandatho".
- Kukhona izihlahla eziningi kakhulu.
- Gcoba amanothi emagqabeni lapho amagatsha eqina.
- Sebenzisa ibha engadini udinga usuku ngemuva kokusika izihlahla.