Imifino iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla okunempilo. Abaningi babo bakhulile yonke indawo engasemuva nase-dacha. Lezi amazambane, zucchini, anyanisi, izaqathe, ukhukhamba kanye utamatisi.
Kusukela esihlokweni uzofunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani isivuno esihle samaqathe ezweni.
U-Ogorodniki akholelwa ukuthi izaqathe ezikhulayo ensimini azitholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba isivuno saso sincike ku:
- ikhwalithi nokuzala kwenhlabathi;
- ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele kwezolimo;
- ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziswayo;
- izimo zezulu.
Futhi uma inhlabathi, i-agrotechnics nezinhlobonhlobo zingalawulwa lapho kukhula izaqathe, khona-ke umuntu akanakuqagela isimo sezulu, njengoba kuhlale kuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, ama-frost aphindaphindiwe entwasahlobo, izimvula ezinamandla noma ukoma eside ehlobo. Naphezu kwalokhu, abalimi balokhu betshala okungenani isiqephu esincane salesi sitshalo esiwusizo.
Ukutshala nokuqothula izaqathe
Ama-karoti akhetha izindawo zelanga nezinhlabathi ezivulekile. Akathandi ubumba obunzima nenhlabathi ye-asidi. Inhlabathi ye-asidi ekwindla yefosholo kuyadingeka ukuba ulethe ingilazi ye-choki eqoshiwe noma ufulawa wama dolomite. Izithuthukisi ezinhle kakhulu ze-izaqathe yilezi: utamatisi, iklabishi, amazambane, anyanisi, i-zucchini, ukhukhamba kanye nemifino.
Ikusasa isanqante embhedeni kufanele alungele ekwindla. Gweba umhlaba phezu kwe-bayonet ye-spade, ngokusungulwa kwama-fertilizer e-potash. Entwasahlobo, ukhulule umhlabathi bese ufaka umanyolo we-phosphorus.
Izitshalo ze-kroti ezingabonakali zikhula kakhulu futhi zide isikhathi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha abalulekile egobolondo labo. Ngakho-ke, imbewu ihlanganiswa futhi iphathwa ngamagciwane okuhluma ukukhuthaza ukuhluma.
Ama-karoti ahlwanyelwe entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa libekwe ngaphezu kuka-8 ° C, lokhu kwenzeka endaweni ethile ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Imibhede ekulungele ukulungiswa iyakhululwa, ukhula luyasuswa futhi imigodi imakwe ngokujula kwama-1.5-2 cm kude no-20 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Imifudlana ithululwa ngamanzi noma isisombululo esilula se-potassium permanganate, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kuyo, ehlanganiswe umhlaba kusukela phezulu futhi igcwele ifilimu. Ngalokhu kutshala, izaqathe ziyokhuphuka izinsuku ezingu-5-6, emva kwalokho ifilimu isusiwe. Uma inhlabathi ingenanzi ngokwanele, kanti imbewu ayifinyelelwanga, amahlumela ngeke avele maduzane (amasonto amabili).
Ukunakekela ukutshala izaqathe ukwenza imisebenzi enjalo:
- ukuphumula nokukhulula emva kokunisela kanye nemvula ngayinye;
- ukutshala okuvamile - amahlumela amancane athela amanzi amancane izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto, ekhula isikhathi eside kuya kwamalitha angama-20 ngehora elingu-1 m2, ekwindla, lapho kungekho khona imvula - zonke izinsuku ezingu-10 ngamalitha angu-1 nge-1 sq. km;
- ukuhlunga amahlumela okufika ku-1 cm, futhi esigabeni samaqabunga ama-5 - kufike ku-4-5 cm phakathi kwezitshalo;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu 5 l / m² (10 amalitha amanzi 1 isipuni se nitrophosphite noma nitroammofoski) - inyanga emva kokuvela futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-25-30;
- ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezilokazane nezifo - isanqante, i-aphid, i-cercosporosis, i-white and black rot, i-bacteriosis, i-brown leaf spot, i-phomosis.
Izimfihlo zokuqathe izaqathe
Uma ukhula izaqathe, kudingeka usebenzise amaqhinga amancane azosiza ukuthola izinga eliphezulu nokuvunwa okuphezulu:
- sebenzisa umquba njengomanyolo awunconywa, ngoba kulokhu kuhlanganiswe izimpande ngokunambitheka okuncane;
- ukuze imbewu ihlwanyeke ngokulinganayo futhi ngokuncane, ihlanganise nabo ngo-1: 1 isilinganiso nesihlabathi;
- ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwembewu bese kungabonakali ukuhlwanyela, khona-ke kungadluliselwa nge-starch ukunamathisela emaphethweni amancane ephepheni ebangeni elingama-5 cm, futhi lapho utshalwa, umane ugijime ibhande emhlabathini bese ufafaze umhlaba;
- ukuze uthole isanqante yasekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukuyihlwanyela ngaphansi kwebusika , isivuno esinjalo kuphela asigcinwanga isikhathi eside;
- lapho ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo likhulu khona, inkulu isanqante iyokhula;
- lapho uvunwa, uhlanze umhlaba ngokuzithoba ngezandla zakho, futhi ungabi umhlabathi noma omunye nomunye;
- gcina izaqathe endaweni epholile ebomvu ngenhla eqoshiwe.
Ukusebenzisa lezi zincomo zokukhupha izaqathe ensimini, futhi uhlwanyela izinhlobo eziningana ngezimfanelo ezivuthiwe nokuvuthwa, uhlukanisa futhi unikeze itafula lakho nale mifino ewusizo yenkomo isikhathi eside.