Ngonyaka ngamunye emhlabeni kukhona izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-8 ezinezinkinga ezingokwemvelo. Yiqiniso, awukwazi ukucabanga ngalokhu futhi uthemba ukuthi awusoze uthinteke. Kodwa, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kuthola ukuthandwa ekukhulelweni namuhla.
Ungathembela ekupheleni, kodwa akusikho konke okusemandleni ukubikezela, futhi kungcono ukuzama ukuvimbela inhlekelele enkulu emndenini. Izifo eziningi eziphilayo zingagwenywa uma uthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokuhlela kokukhulelwa. Futhi konke okudingayo ukuthi uxoxe ngokubonisana ne-geneticist. Ngempela, yi-DNA yakho (eyakho nomyeni wakho) enquma impilo yakho kanye nezici zefa lomntanakho ...
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kubalulekile ukubonisana nalesi sikhungo ngesikhathi sokuhlela kokukhulelwa. Udokotela uzokwazi ukubikezela impilo yekusasa lomntanami, anqume ukuthi ingozi yokubukeka kwezifo ezifa, akutshele ukuthi yiziphi izifundo kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo okumelwe kwenziwe ukuze kugweme i-pathologies yefa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo, okwenziwa kokubili ngesikhathi sokuhlela nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwembula izimbangela zokukhulelwa kwesisu, kubeka ingozi yokukhubazeka okungezansi kokuzalwa kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo ezinganeni, ngaphansi kwethonya lezifo ze-tetragonal ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kanye nokukhulelwa.
Qiniseka ukuthi uthintana ne-geneticist uma:
- umama olindelekile eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-35;
- emndenini kunezifo ezithinta izifo;
- wazalwa ingane enezinkinga zokuzalwa kwangasese;
- ezithintekayo ngezici eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (i-X-ray, ukuthatha imithi ethile, imisebe);
- ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa umama olindelekile wayebhekene nokutheleleka okubangelwa yi-viral (i-toxoplasmosis, i-rubella, izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula, umkhuhlane);
- uma lona wesifazane ephethe ukukhulelwa noma ukubeletha;
- abesifazane abakhulelwe abasengozini yokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-ultrasound.
Izivivinyo ze-Genetic nokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuthola ukwephulwa ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus yi-intrauterine yokuhlolwa, eyenziwa ngosizo lwe-ultrasound noma ucwaningo lwezinto eziphilayo. Nge-ultrasound, le-fetus iskena - lena indlela ephephile futhi engenabungozi. I-ultrasound yokuqala yenziwa emavikini angu-10-14. Kakade ngalesi sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuxilonga i-chromosome pathologies ye-fetus. I-ultrasound yesibili ehleliwe yenziwa emavikini angu-20 kuya ku-22, lapho iningi lezinto ezingavamile ekuthuthukiseni kwezitho zangaphakathi, ubuso nobuningi bomntwana obusweni sebevele bezimisele. Ngesonto elingama-30-32, i-ultrasound isiza ukubona ukukhubazeka okuncane ekuthuthukisweni kwe-fetal, inombolo yamniotic fluid kanye ne-placenta engavamile. Ngokwemigomo yama-10-13 no-16-20 amasonto, ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo ngesikhathi sekhulelwe kwenziwa, izimpawu ze-biochemical zizimisele. Lezi zindlela ezibalwe ngenhla zibizwa ngokuthi yi-non-invasive. Uma i-pathology itholakale kulezi zihlalutyi, izindlela zokuhlola ezingavamile zibekiwe.
Ezifundweni ezingenasidingo, odokotela "bahlasele" isibeletho sesibeletho: bathatha izinto zokucwaninga futhi banquma i-karyotype ye-fetal ngokunembile kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukukhipha izifo ze-genetic ezifana ne-Down's syndrome, u-Edwards nabanye. Izindlela ezivame uku:
- I-chorion biopsy - amangqamuzana athathwa kusukela e-placenta esikhathini esizayo ngokugqunywa kwendonga yangaphakathi kwesisu. Ugcinwe isikhathi samasonto angu-9-12. Inqubo ayihlali isikhathi eside, umphumela uzoba yizinsuku ezingu-3-4, amathuba okukhulelwa kwesisu - 2%. Kodwa uma bebona i-gene pathologies, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphazamisa ukukhulelwa ezinkathini zokuqala;
- amniocentesis - ukuhlaziywa kwamaminithi amniotic emasontweni angu-16-24 wokubeletha. Lena indlela ephephile kakhulu, ngoba iphesenti yezinkinga ayikho ngaphezu kwe-1%. Kodwa umphumela kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside, njengoba ochwepheshe "bekhula" amangqamuzana, futhi le nqubo ithatha isikhathi;
- I-Cordocenteis - ukugqotshwa kwendwangu yomzimba ye-fetus elandela iqoqo legazi lesisu , lenziwa isikhathi semasonto angu-20-25. Lokhu kuhlaziywa okunembile, okwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-5;
- ama-placentocentesis - amasampuli amangqamuzana avela ku-placenta, aqukethe amaseli we-fetus. Ingozi yezinkinga yi-3-4%.
Lapho senza lezi zinqubo, ingozi yokucindezeleka iphezulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo nokubeletha kwenziwa ngokusho kwezinkomba zezokwelapha eziqinile. Ngaphezu kweziguli ezivela eqenjini lezinkinga zokubeletha, lezi zihlaziyo zenziwa abesifazane uma kwenzeka ingozi yezifo,
Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa esikhwameni sosuku ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound, ngoba owesifazane ngemuva kokuziphatha kwakhe kufanele abe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabachwepheshe amahora amaningana. Angase abekwe imithi yokuvimbela izinkinga ezingenzeka.
Uma usebenzisa lezi zindlela zokuxilonga, izifo ezingaba ngu-300 eziyisi-5000 zezifo zofuzo zingatholakala.