Izindlela ezingezansi zokudiliva ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Lokhu kungenxa yempendulo emihle evela kumama ababeletha izingane zabo ngale ndlela. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe inqubo enjengokubeletha emanzini, ebiza i-algorithm, izimfanelo zayo ezinhle nezimbi.
Indlela yokusiza ukubeletha?
Ukuzalwa kokuqala emanzini kwakwenziwa emuva kuma-60s ekhulu lama-20. Ukuzalwa okunjalo okungajwayelekile kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka kwabesifazane abathintekayo, ukunciphisa umthwalo ezinxenyeni zangaphakathi zesifazane, ukukhulula ikholomu lomgogodla kusukela ekudluleleni ngokweqile. Odokotela abafunde inqubo enjalo yokudiliva benza ukulungiswa kwesayense yale nqubo. Okudumile kakhulu kulawa umthetho ka-Archimedes.
Uma ulandela lo mthetho olula, ukuxosha kwamanzi kusiza ubuhlungu bezinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela yenza kahle impilo yomntwana uqobo. Ngenxa yokuthi ingane ayishintshi imvelo (kusuka kumannitic fluid ingena emanzini), ukucindezeleka kokuzalwa kunciphisa. Kodwa-ke, ingane ichitha amandla amancane uma izalwa - umthelela wegesi eliphansi ungabanjwanga.
Kungenzeka yini ukubeletha ngamanzi?
Odokotela abanikeli impendulo engavamile kulo mbuzo. Kukhona bobabili abalandeli bokuzalwa emanzini, nabaphikisi. Isinqumo sokugcina sokubeletha emanzini sithathwa ngumfazi okhulelwe ngokwayo. Kodwa akubona bonke abesifazane abasesimeni abangakwazi ukuzilungiselela ukukhiqiza umntwana osalinde isikhathi eside, bebeletha ngamanzi. Kunokuphikisana kwale nqubo, phakathi kwayo:
- izifo zesimiso senhliziyo;
- isithelo esikhulu ;
- i-pelvis encane emitholampilo;
- i-gestosis;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-placenta previa;
- hypoxia we-fetus noma ingozi enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwayo;
- izifo zesimiso sezinzwa, ukungalingani kwengqondo.
Kungani ubeletha emanzini?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqonde futhi utshele ukuthi kungani ubeletha emanzini, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza okulethwa kwezidingo:
- Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokubambisana, lokhu kuvele emanzini, ukuzalwa okusheshayo kwengane kwenzeka emvelweni wamanzi.
- Owesifazane usemanzini ngesikhathi sokulwa, ekuqaleni kwemizamo - inqubo iyaqhubeka ngendlela yeklasiki.
Abesifazane abakhetha ukubeletha emanzini bavame ukuqala kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabangane babo, abaphendula ngokuvumelana nenqubo enjalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ukwehla kwesibindi, inqubo yokuphambana kulula ukuyibekezela. Kungenxa yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi umama angakhetha ukuzithokozisa ngokukhululekile, lapho ukuhlukumeza kungenabuhlungu kakhulu. Amanzi asithinta kahle ama-receptors esikhumba, adlulisela izimpendulo ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Amanzi afudumele akhulisa ukuqina kwezicubu zomsele wokuzalwa, okugqugquzela ukunyakaza kwentombazane, ukunciphisa ukucindezela ezithombeni zomzimba.
Ukubeletha emanzini - izinzuzo nezingozi
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, isici esihle salolu daba ukunciphisa ubuhlungu obubangelwa iziphazamiso zesisu. Ngokushesha ngenxa yalokhu, abesifazane abaningi banquma ukubeletha ngamanzi, izinzuzo kanye nokukhubazeka ngale ndlela azigcini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phakathi kwezici ezinhle:
- ukunciphisa kwezingxabano;
- ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuqala sokubeletha;
- umphumela ongokwengqondo omuhle;
- ukukhishwa kokungenelela kwezokwelapha ezengeziwe.
Mayelana nezimfanelo ezimbi, ziboniswa okwengeziwe ngosana olusanda kuzalwa. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:
- kungenzeka ukuthi amanzi angena emphefumulweni wokuphefumula;
- ukutheleleka kwesikhumba;
- I-umbilical cord ivula.
Abesifazane babeletha ngamanzi?
Ukubeletha endlini yokugezela kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqhubekayo kwesibhedlela. Uqondisa ngokuqondile izenzo zomama ekubelethweni, kusiza ukuphumula futhi ulungiselele inqubo. Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokusebenza, ikhefu lokubeletha lingaphakathi kwamanzi. Ububanzi bokugeza ukulethwa emanzini kungaba ngu-2 m (ukubeletha emanzini ahlanzekile). Ukucwiliswa kwenzeka esiteji sokulwa okusebenzayo. Intamo inokuvulwa kwe-8 cm. Ukushisa kwamanzi kungama-37 degrees.
Umama enkampanini ulele ngemuva noma eceleni kwakhe. Kwezinye izimo, isikhundla esimisiwe kuzo zonke ezine sikhethiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lamanzi kufanele libe njengalabo abamboza ama-nipples. Lokhu kubakhuthaza, okuholela ekukhiqizeni i-oxytocin. I-hormone ikwandisa izimbangela ze-uterine, ijubane inqubo. Uma ubukhulu bezinhlangothi zinciphisa, owesifazane ushiya amanzi okwesikhashana, elinde ukuqala kwawo.
Ukubeletha ekhaya emanzini
Odokotela abathandeki ukuba babelethe ekhaya ekhaya lokugezela, ngokuphathelene nenqubo enjalo eyingozi kakhulu. Ukungabi nalutho, ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe abaseduze, kwandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga, phakathi kwazo:
- ukuphuma kwegazi;
- hhayi ukuhamba kwe-afterburn;
- ukuthola amanzi emaphashini wengane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubeletha ekugeza kubandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Eziklinikweni zezokwelapha, usebenzisa le ndlela, amanzi asetshenziswe ngokukhethekile. Odokotela abathandabuzi abakhulumi ukuzibeka engozini, bese benza isinqumo sokubeletha ekhaya. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amathuba okuthuthukisa imiphumela emibi, kokubili owesifazane kanye nomntwana, yanda izikhathi eziningana.
Ukubeletha emanzini esibhedlela
Ukubeletha emgodini, esiteshini sezokwelapha, kwasakazwa kabanzi e-UK. Kuleli zwe, kunezikhungo zezokwelapha ezikhethekile ezibekiwe, okuyinto yokuhlinzeka ngokulethwa ngale ndlela. Kukhona zonke izimo zalokhu:
- i-pool ayikho ngaphansi kuka-1.5m ububanzi;
- abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu;
- imishini yesimanje, yezokwelapha.
Ngaphambi kokwenza ukulethwa okunjalo nowesifazane okhulelwe, izingxoxo eziningana zenzeka. Kuwo umama wesikhathi esizayo ufunda ngeziqakathekile zenqubo yokuzalwa, indlela yokuziphatha kulokhu, ukuphefumula kahle. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula ukuthi kungenzeka yini izinkinga, phakathi kwazo:
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha;
- ukuphuka kwe-perineum;
- hypoxia we-fetus.
Izingane ezizalwa emanzini
Ukubeletha ngaphansi kwamanzi kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuphakeme kochwepheshe. Emitholampilo esebenzise le nqubo ngenkuthalo, i-algorithm yokulawulwa kokuzalwa ihlanjululwa, kodwa ingozi yezinkinga ihlale ikhona. Ukukhathazeka ngokukhethekile odokotela yisimo somntwana ozalwa emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, odokotela bazama ukusebenzisa inqubo lapho kuphela ingxenye yokuqala yenqubo yobudala eyenzekayo emvelweni wamanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphikisi balolu hlobo lokudiliva bavame ukungena emiphumeleni emibi yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane ziyavumelana nezimo ezintsha zemvelo zihamba kancane. Ngokombono we-neonatologists, ukucindezeleka komsebenzi nakho kunezici ezinhle - kuyindlela yokuqalisa ukusebenza komsebenzi nezinhlaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezishintshileyo. Ngokuvamile, izingane ezizalwa emanzini zifana nalokho ezazalwa ngendlela yokufundela.