Pum inoculation - imithetho eyisisekelo yenqubo elula

Ukugonywa kwe-plum ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kuhlelwe kahle kuxazulula izinkinga eziningi, ngoba iziqalo zokuqala zokuqala azidingi izimali ezinkulu zezimali noma amathuluzi angeniso. Isikhathi nomzamo uzobuyiselwa ngokuphindwe kabili, ngenxa yalokho uzofunda ukuthi ungayithatha kanjani inhlobonhlobo yezinhlobonhlobo ezindala ezinhlobonhlobo-fruited noma uthole izithombo zakho zekhwalithi ekhaya.

Ukupula amapulasitiki ase Spring

Noma ubani oye wathola ingadi encane kodwa eyakhayo, ufuna ukwandisa inani lezinhlobo zezindlu ezikhulayo zezihlahla nezihlahla. Ngokuvamile isayithi selivele linemifino emifushane engafanelekile ehlotshaniswa nezidingo ezidingekayo. Ngezinye izikhathi emakethe sikhohliswa izakhamizi ezingenangqondo, sishiya izilwane zasendle noma izithombo ezincane ezingaziwa ezingezansi kunokuthi owesifazane oyifunayo waseChina noma uGiant. Izinkinga ezibalulwe zixazululwa yi-inoculation ye-plums, engenziwa ngaphandle kokubandakanya ochwepheshe ngokwabo.

Ukwenza umsebenzi ukhokhe futhi ulethe isithelo esimnandi emva kweminyaka embalwa, kuhle ukutadisha imithetho yokunakekela ama-plum grafts kanye namasu ayisisekelo okwenza lo msebenzi. Manje kunezindlela ezingamakhulu amabili zokufaka izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene emithini yezithelo, kodwa akudingeki ukwesabeke, kwimiyezo yasekhaya usebenzisa izinhlobo ezine ezidumile ezenziwa ngesimo sezulu esifudumele. Kuningi kunqunywe ukusika okusetshenziselwa emsebenzini. Akunakwenzeka njalo ukudlulisa impahla entsha ngokusuka kotshwala kamama futhi inoculate iplamu okwesikhashana.

Yiziphi izicucu ezifanele ukuhlanganisa ama-plums:

• I-plum grafting material isetshenziselwa ukuhluma okuqhubekayo kwezihlobo ezihlolwe isikhathi,
• kungcono ukuthatha isikhunta sonyaka owodwa ngokhuni oluvuthwe,
• Isiqu kufanele sikhule ohlangothini olusenyangeni engxenyeni yangaphandle yomqhele,
• i-middle tier yomqhele yiyona ndlela ekhethekileyo yokusika izinto ezibonakalayo, phezulu amahlumela aqina, futhi kusukela phansi kuyaqhubeka ukukhula okuncane,
• cut cuttings okungcono ngaphambi kokufika frosts eqinile eqinile at 20 ° C,
• kungcono ukugcina isitimela sokugcina kusuka ku-40 cm kuya ku-50 cm ubude,
• unqunywe entwasahlobo, amagatsha angonakaliswa amaqhwa, ebusika obukhulu, izinso zivame ukubola, ngokuvamile imiphumela yomsebenzi ingenxa yalokhu engaphumeleli,
• ukugoma okungcono kakhulu kutholakala ezimweni lapho ukuhlanganiswa kusalokhu kulele, futhi isiphunzi sesifikile esimweni esisebenzayo.

Esimo sezulu esinzima, i-graft yayihlale igcinwe ezinqabeni ze-snowball, ifafazwe phezulu nge-sawdust, emazingeni okushisa kuze kufike ku-4-5 ° C frost. Ezindaweni eziphansi eziseqhweni zeqhwa, uma kukhona izinto ezincane, umuntu angasebenzisa iziqandisisi zasendlini, ama-cold cellars. Uma izinhlobonhlobo zifisa ukuzihlukanisa zibe amaphakheji nama-hang tag. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-inoculation ezayo ye-plum iyaphumelela, sihlola njalo izihlahla, susa isikhunta esibukeka, futhi silawula umswakama.

Isikhathi sokufakelwa kwama-plums

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa kwamaplamu, kulokhu kuyathonya kakhulu umphumela womsebenzi wensimu. Ngaphandle kwenkathi ebusika ebusika, zonke ezinye izinkathi zifaneka kahle nokusebenza okuthakazelisayo nezihlahla, kodwa yonke indawo kukhona ezinye izici eziphawulekayo okudingeka zicatshangelwe uma kuhlanganiswa.

Uma kungcono ukugoma amaplamu:

1. Ukugonywa kwe-Spring. Le nkathi iye yacatshangwa ukuthi iyimpumelelo kakhulu yokusebenza izithombo noma ukufaka izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ukuthungatha amajamu ngokweqile kusiza ngokushesha ukukhula ndawonye izinkuni futhi ukuthola okungaphezulu приживаемость привойного impahla. Inzuzo eyengeziwe yokwelashwa kwentwasahlobo yukuthi unesikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha ehlobo.
2. Imishanguzo yasehlobo. Ukukhiqiza ngoJuni-Julayi, ukushintshwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kungaba, ukushisa nokushisa kwezinsuku kuwanele ezimweni eziningi ngokukhula kwe-scion nokuguga okuvamile kwezinkuni. Ukwenza umsebenzi kule nkathi kufanelekile lapho kwenzeka ukugoma kwentwasahlobo yentambo ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa ezingaphumeleli.
3. Ukugonywa kwekwindla. Imiphumela ephumelelayo ifinyelela ekwindla, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ama-frosts asekuqaleni angafika ngokungalindelekile futhi wonke umsebenzi uzothuthukiswa. Izinga lokusinda ekwindla liphansi, ama-grafts angenwa inoculated kuphela ngenhloso yokuhlola, futhi umsebenzi omkhulu kufanele uthuthelelwe entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo.

Izici ze-plums yokuhlanganiswa

Ikhwalithi yokubambisana ixhomeke esikhathini sonyaka, ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe bomsebenzi, isitifiketi somuntu. Indima enkulu idlala ngokuhambisana kwezinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa umlimi wensimu. Ngokuvamile, okokuqala, kutholakala ukusinda, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inkathi yokuxubha iyomisa noma endaweni yokunamathela itholakala ngomthwalo omncane kakhulu. I-Privoy esiyikhetha ngekhwalithi, nesitoko - ngokuhambisana kwayo. Unethonya elikhulu emandleni okukhula, ukuqina kwesithwathwa, isikhathi sokungena e-fruiting, isivuno kanye nokuphila kwesihlahla.

I-criteria eyinhloko yokukhetha i-rootstock:

• ukuhambisana okuphezulu,
• ingakanani isitokisi esifaneleka esimweni sendawo (ukushisa kwamaqhwa, ukumelana nesomiso, ukumelana nemvula eningi),
• ukutholakala kohlelo oluhle lwempande.

Umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukutshala udoti ezitsheni noma emithini emidala ensimini kubaluleke kakhulu. Kukhona inoculations ye-intraspecific (i-plum siphoning), i-interspecies (cherry ngenqwaba), i-intergeneric (i-peach in plum). Umsebenzi ophumelele kunayo yonke impahla ye-intraspecific, nama-intergeneric oculars noma ama-copulinations amaphesenti amakhulu okuhluleka. Amatshe nama-pome amasiko awazihlanganisi ndawonye, ​​ukuzama kule ndawo akusizi ngalutho.

Inoculation of apricot nge iplamu

Ngesilinganiso esikhulu sokutshala ngaphansi kwama-apricot uthatha izithombo zendawo zasendaweni zasendle ngezithelo ezincane, kancane kancane. Embuzweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ipulazi itshalwe nge-apricot, kunezinhlayiya eziningi. Lezi zinhlobo ziyisihlobo esiseduze, kodwa izivivinyo ngokuvamile ziveza imiphumela emibi. Esivivinyweni esivamile, kungcono ukuthatha amasampula angaseningizimu-sempamu ye-plums ukuze ihlulwe, kanye nabo ukuhlukanisa kubonakala kunomqondo obaluleke kakhulu, ukumelana nokushisa kwe-apricot ephakeme kuyoba ngaphezulu.

Ukugonywa kwe-plum plum

Ezikhathini zasendulo, leli phuzu lawela nge-cherry plum futhi ngenxa yalokho sathola okhokho bamaplamu amakhulu amanje. Izazi ze-biologist zafakazela ukuthi ubuhlobo balezi zinhlobo zezihlahla, ngakho-ke uma befisa, kungenzeka ukutshala iplamu phezu kweplamu nokubuyela ngaphandle kwezinkinga. U-Alycha ukhonza njengesitoreji esihle samatshe amaningi. Ukunakekela ama-plum ama-plum kule nkimbinkimbi ye-podvoye akufani, kepha kuvame ukubhekana namahlumela.

I-Peach nge-plum

Ngezinye izikhathi, abalingiswa bajwayele ukusebenzisa amahlumela noma amacembe alo muthi ukuze basebenze ne-peach. Ukugonywa kwe-peach ngenqwaba entwasahlobo kutholakala kahle ngezinhlobonhlobo zesiHungary Don nesiHungary isiNtaliyane, kanti ukuhlukahluka okusabalalisa u-Anna Shpet kunika iphesenti elikhulu lomshado ngesikhathi sikhula. Ukuvuthwa ngendlela enempumelelo kuyenzeka eminyakeni engama-4-6, lesi sitshalo sikhula kakhulu futhi sinamandla.

Inoculation of cherry on iplamu

Ukuhlola ukuwela kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry kanye nama-plums kunika amaphesenti amancane okuphumelela, izinkuni zinemibono eminingi, ngakho-ke ukusika kanye nokufihleka akuphili kahle. Imiphumela emihle etholakalayo uma usebenza nge-cherry ezwayo, isihlahla esincane somsakazo waseChina singadlala indima yesiphunzi esihle esikhulekile. Uma wazi ukugoma kahle iplamu, unayo ithuba lokubeka insimu yakho ye-pygmy plums. I-cherry ekhuphukile njenge-rootstock ayifuni ukusetshenziswa. Ezimpandeni zeplamu, ikhula ngokujulile futhi lapho kukhula khona akukhumbuli isihlahla esibuthakathaka, kodwa i-sakura emangalisayo.

Inoculation of cherry on plum

Umphumela wokuxhunyelela i-cherry ku-plum awuvamile neze. Ngisho okuhle ekuboneni kokuqala, ukuhlolwa kuphelile ngokumiswa kwamahlumela angenakuvikelwa kanye nokwenqaba izinkuni. Kubalimi i-cherry varietal inenkazimulo yesihlahla esingenakuqhathaniswa, iqhuma kahle nge-cherry yezinyoni kanye ne-cherry zasendle. I-rootstock ngesimo se-simplely-cherry for it kungcono ukungayisebenzisi, abahlolwayo balindele ukuhluleka ngenxa yokweqa kwe-graft enamandla eduze nobukhulu.

Indlela yokuthola iplamu phezu kweplamu?

Amathuba okungafani okuvamile okwenziwe ngokhuni ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho i-inoculation ye-intraspecific ye-qualitative ye-plum ene-cuticle noma izinso zenziwa. Ukhonjwe njengengxenye yesitokisi esiqinisekisiwe, kodwa izinhlobo ezingapheli uRenklod kolkhoz, i-Skorospelka ebomvu, eyaziwa yiWengerka Moscow. Uma ufuna ukuthola umuthi ozinzile kakhulu endaweni yakho, sebenzisa izithombo ze-plums zasendle zokugoma.

Indlela yokutshala iplamu?

Ukusebenza emasimini manje kukhiqizwa ngamathuluzi namadivaysi ahlukile, inqubo yokusebenza kwayo ingabonakala ihluke, kodwa zonke izindlela ezikhona zokugoma ziwela emaqenjini amathathu amakhulu:

1. Ukuqubuzana - inoculation esiqwini nge-cuttings eyodwa noma eziningana.
2. Ukuxhunyelelwa kwezinso .
3. I-Ablaktivka - i-splice ngokuguqulwa kwamahlumela akhula eduze komunye nomunye.

Endabeni yokugoma kahle ekucwileni, awukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izindlela eziningi, kodwa ezintathu eziyinhloko abagadi balimi abangenza kube lula. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, abathandi bathanda izindlela zokusabalalisa ezihlukahlukene ngokuphunyuka kwi-cortex, bebalekela ekugqibeleni nasehlokweni lokubona. I-ablactinization idinga ukukhula okuhlanganyelwe kwendlovukazi kanye ne-scion, engenakulungele izihlahla, ikakhulukazi abalimi ekutshalweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezingahlanjululwa kahle.

Ukusabalalisa okukhulu kutholakala ngokucwiliswa kwe-ocularization, lapho i-eyelet encane, ethathwe ku-shootet varietal, ibonakala njengesitokisi. Indlela elula yokugcoba izinso ngommese. I-scabbard enegxolo isusiwe esitokisini futhi ishintshwe ngesikhumba esifana nezinso eziphilayo ezithathwe esithangeni. Imiphetho yamagxolo iyahlanganiswa kuze kube sekuhlanganyeleni okuphelele. Indawo ye-inoculation ye-plum ivinjiswe ngokuqinile futhi ivaliwe isikhashana nefilimu. Ngendlela ehlotshaniswa ne-T, ukusika kwenziwa ekwenzeni i-cortex ye-rootstock, lapho izinso ze-graft zifakwa khona ekudubula.

Inoculation of plum ngaphansi kwamagxolo

Ngalendlela, susa ingxenye engaphezulu yegatsha lokusika, unqume amagxolo ngommese ehlathini ngaphansi kwendawo eya enkulini elukhuni, uyivulele ezinhlangothini. Ku-cuttings, ukuchotshozwa kwe-oblique kufakwe ku-3 cm ubude futhi ama-2-3 ephilayo asele. Ngemuva kokufaka ngokucophelela ku-groove ye-rootstock esikhathini sobude. Isayithi lo msebenzi liqinisiwe, izingxenye ezivulekile zesilonda zihlanganiswe nge-wax, zizama ukungenise ngaphakathi. I-inoculation yeplamu engaphezu kwe-cortex ayitholakali isetshenziswa, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi emithini yezithelo zamatshe, kodwa njalo idlulisa ngokuphelele amaphuzu enzalo.

Inoculation of plum entwasahlobo ekuhlanzeni

Indlela elula futhi esebenzayo yilezi zanda iplamu ngokuxhunyelela ku-cleft. Kufanelekile emithini emikhulu engahambisani nomlimi wezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene. Inqubo yokusebenza kuleli cala ilula:

1. Igatsha lesitokisi linqunywe futhi phakathi nendawo isinqunyiwe senziwa ku-4 cm ejulile.
2. I-screwdriver noma umcengezi olungiselelwe owenziwe ngezinkuni eziqinile ufakwa endaweni yokuhlanganiswa, ukugcina ukuhlukaniswa okwesikhashana ukuvala.
3. Ku-cuttings we-grafting, ukucutshungulwa kwe-oblique kukhiqizwa kusuka kokubili izinhlangothi okwenza umkhawulo wokujula okufanayo.
4. Akusikunconywa ukuthi izindawo ezithintekayo ezithinta izinkuni.
5. I-Privoj ingeniswa ngaphakathi kwe-cleft ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izingqimba ze-cambial.
6. Uma kwenzeka ububanzi begatsha lokuxubha bukhulu, kungcono ukutshala izicucu ezimbili ezihlangothini eziphambene ze-cleavage ngesikhathi esisodwa.
7. Isayithi lokuhlanganiswa lihlanganiswa ndawonye ngetayipi elivimbayo, intambo noma enye impahla, isilonda esivulekile enkuni sigcwele i- var .