Into eyinhloko elawula ukulinganisa kwamanzi, kanye nokulawula ukwakheka kwe-osmotic yamanzi ephilayo, yi-hormone antidiuretic (vasopressin). Ikhiqizwa yi-hypothalamus futhi ifaka emgodini we-pituitary, lapho ingena khona emgodleni nomgogodla. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komkhiqizo noma ukuzwela kule hormone, isifo sikashukela siba khona - izimpawu zalesi simo zihlotshaniswa noshintsho emanzini anosawoti namanzi emzimbeni, ukusebenza komzimba wamanzi.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela insipidus
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezifo ezichazwe ngesifo - nephrogenic (inkohliso) nephakathi (hypothalamic).
Esikhathini sokuqala, i-diabetes insipidus iqala ngenxa yokulimala ebuchosheni bezinso kuya ku-vasopressin engenayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani le-hormone ye-antidiuretic egazini lizinzile.
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-pathology lubonakala ukungabi khona kwe-vasopressin ekukhiqizeni kwe-hypothalamus, yingakho ukuhlushwa kwemithi emzimbeni kuncane kakhulu.
Kuyaziwa futhi uhlobo lwe-idiopathic lwesifo sikashukela i-insipidus, izimbangela zazo ezingenakusungulwa.
Naphezu kwezinqubo ezehlukene zokuqhubeka kwezifo, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo cishe zifana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo:
- Polyuria. Ngolunye usuku, umthamo omkhulu we-urine ukhiwa futhi ukhishwe, ngaphezu kwama-3 amalitha.
- I-Polydiria. Ukukhipha okungavunyelwe ngokungajwayelekile futhi njalo. Ngenxa yevolumu enkulu yomchamo ogqamile, izindlela zokukhokha ziqaliswa, okuhloswe ngazo ukugcwalisa uketshezi olulahlekile. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli siphuza ngaphezu kwamalitha amahlanu amanzi ngosuku.
- Ukuphazamiseka nokuphazamiseka kokulala. Lezi zibonakaliso zemitholampilo zenzeka ekuphenduleni isifiso esiningi sokuvuthwa (i-pollakiuria) ebusuku. Isidingo esihlala njalo sokuvakashela endlini yangasese phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula senza ubuthongo obunzima, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle, ukucasula, izinzwa, ukungazinzi kwesimo sengqondo nengokomzwelo.
Izimpawu ezicacile ze-nephrogenic ne-hypothalamic sikashukela insipidus
Ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo kubiza inhlalakahle jikelele yomuntu. Inani lomchamo ogqamile, ngakho-ke uketshezi oludakiwe, luyakhula ngisho nangaphezulu, ku-20-30 amalitha ngosuku.
Ezinye izibonakaliso zezici zesifo sikashukela nesishukela esiphakathi kwe-insipidus:
- ukoma okukhulu kesikhumba;
- ikhanda elikhulu;
- ukwehla kwamanani wegazi wegazi;
- ukunciphisa ngokufihla okunamandla futhi ukwandise i-viscosity yayo;
- ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo kwesisindo somzimba;
- kufanelana nokuhlanza;
- ukuwohloka kwesifiso;
- ukwehlisa ukufihla kwesithukuthuku;
- ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wesisindo;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yizimo ezethusa;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesifo.
Esikhathini sokucwaninga umchamo, amandla akhe aphansi aphansi, ubuhlobo besihlobo, inamba encane yezinto zamakhemikhali (ngaphandle kwe-sodium) kanye nosawoti ku-fluid biological kuyatholakala. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kuthiwa:
- ukwehluleka, ukwelula kwesisu;
- i-dyskinesia ye-biliary ;
- i-hypernatremia;
- ukungasebenzi kahle;
- ukucasuka kwamathumbu.
Zonke lezi zibonakaliso zingahambisane nezifo ezinzima ze-dyspeptic.
Ukuvimbela izimbangela zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus nezimpawu zayo
Azikho izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo ezichazwe, ikakhulukazi ifomu layo le-idiopathic. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ukunganaki ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okwenziwa minyaka yonke, njalo uthathe umchamo ukuze uhlaziywe, zama ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi ulahle imikhuba emibi.