Kuzalwa kanjani okokuqala, futhi yini okufanele ukwesabe?

Ngingazi ukuthi ukuzalwa kwenzeka kanjani okokuqala, abesifazane abasha bayethuka, abanolwazi ngokufinyelela esikhathini sokubeletha. Ake sihlolisise le nqubo ngokuningiliziwe ngokuyinhloko, sizotshela ngezibonakaliso zokusondela kumganga, izimpawu, sizokwazi ukuthi: zingaki zokubeletha kokuqala ezenzeka ngesikhathi.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokubeletha

Ukukhuluma ngokuthi ukuzalwa kokuqala kuqala kanjani, odokotela baqaphela ukuthi umuntu uqobo wenzani le nqubo. Wonke owesifazane uzwa indlela ingane ezayo emhlabeni ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuthiwa yi-precursor - izimpawu, ukubukeka okubonisa ukuthi kuqala ukusebenza. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

1. Iphunga lesisu. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa okokuqala, isisu sowesifazane okhulelwe sishintsha indawo yaso. Ngenxa yokungena kwekhanda le-fetal emgodleni wesifuba esincane, umzimba uhamba. Ngenxa yalokho, isisu sowesifazane okhulelwe sishintsha phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umama olindelayo uphawula ukukhululeka kwenhlalakahle: kuba lula ukuphefumula, ngenxa yokuncipha kwengcindezi kulesi sici. Lokhu kwenzeka emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokuvela kwengane.
2. Ukuhamba kwe-plug yomswakama. Izinsuku ezingu-10-14 ezi-primiparas ezivela emthonjeni wesisu zohlamvu lwamacembe. I-midwifery iyayibiza ngokuthi i- coork . Ngokuqondile lesi sigqoko sigubungela ukungena kwesigodlo se-uterine, esise entanyeni. Ngakho-ke, i-fetus ivikelwe ezimpikweni ezimbi ezingokwemvelo, imiphumela yezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic.
3. Ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba. Kwenzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwengane. Owesifazane uba ngu-1-2 kg elula ngokuphuma emzimbeni.
4. Izinhlungu ezingavamile zokudonsa esiswini esingaphansi. Zingenxa yomsebenzi wokwenyuka kwesivumelwano wesibindi. Ngenxa yokunciphisa okunjalo, isitho sokubeletha silungiselelwe inqubo yokuzala okunzima.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-primiparas

Ukukhuluma ngokuthi ukuzalwa kokuqala kwenzeka kanjani, kubalulekile ukuqaphela isikhathi sokuqala sokusebenza . Leli gama elibhekene nezidakamizwa lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezingxenyeni ze-myometrium yezibeletho, ezihambisana nesigaba sokuvulwa komlomo wesibeletho. Lezi zifinyezo zinezici zemiqondo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhula kwabo ngamandla nokukhula kwesikhathi. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezimpande ezimbili sincishisiwe.

Ukuzalwa kokuqala kuvame ukuhambisana nesigaba eside somzimba wokuvuthwa komlomo wesibeletho. Ngenxa yalokhu, abesifazane bangaqala ukuzwa ukuqala kokubili 12-24 ngaphambi komntwana. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuzalwa kwamazibulo okugcina amahora angu-12. Njengoba kunikezwe leli qiniso, asikho isidingo sokuya esibhedlela ngemuva kokulwa kuqala. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukulwa akukona ukukhiqiza, kepha kungamanga ( ukuqeqeshwa ).

Ukuqeqeshwa ukuqeqeshwa ku-primiparas

Ukukhulelwa kokuqala nokubeletha kuyindlela ejabulisayo yabesifazane. Ukulindele ukubukeka kokuzalwa, ngokuvamile umama ozayo uzoshaywa luvalo lapho ezwa ubuhlungu obufanayo okude ukulwa. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngokomzimba okokuqala, bangabonakala kakade ngesonto 20. Bashukunyiswa ngokungahambisani okungajwayelekile, okwesikhashana kwe-myometrium ye-uterine. Ababelethisi babiza ukulwa ukulwa, noma u-Braxton-Hicks ulwa.

Isici esiyingqayizivele sokwehlukana kwamanga ukungabi khona kwe-periodicity nokuhlala njalo. Bangakwazi ukuphakama ngokuzumayo futhi baphinde bapheleke. Izikhathi phakathi kwazo azihlali zikhona: kungathatha kokubili imizuzu engu-5 no-20. Ukuqeqesha ukulwa, ngokungafani nokuzalwa, owesifazane okhulelwe angazimela ngokuzimela. Ngokuvamile kubalulekile ukushintsha isikhundla, ugeze.

I-primiparas iqala kanjani?

Ngesaba ukweqa ekuqaleni komsebenzi, ku-trimester yesibili abesifazane bacela umama wezifo ukuthi baqonde kanjani ukuthi ukulwa kuqale, izimpawu zalesi simo. Izindlela zokuvimbela njalo ze-myometrium zizwa ngabesifazane abakhulelwe njengokudonsa, ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu obukhulu emathunjini nasezingeni eliphansi. Izinzwa ezibuhlungu ziyabuhlungu, owesifazane uthi uyaphula esiswini esingaphansi.

Ekhuluma ngesihloko sokulethwa kokuqala, odokotela bakhombisa isikhathi eside phakathi kwezingxabano ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuzalwa. Ekupheleni kokulwa okulodwa, owesifazane okhulelwe uzizwa, njengoba kungakabikho lutho olulimazayo. Njengoba i-cervix ivuliwe, ukuphazamiseka kuyasebenza kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ubude bokuqhaqha okukodwa buyanda, futhi isikhashana kancane kancane siqala ukuvumelanisa.

Kuzoze kube nini ukulwa no-primigravidae?

Uma ukubeletha kokuqala komama, ukulwa kudlule isikhathi eside kunokuzalwa kwezingane zesibili nezalandela. Lapho kuqala ukusebenza, ukulwa kuvela nge-periodicity kwemizuzu engu-20, khona-ke isikhathi sinciphisa sibe ngu-15. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amandla abo akhula, futhi ukuqina kuyanda. Odokotela batusa ukuhlala ekhaya ngalesi sikhathi. Esibhedlela singathunyelwa, lapho isikhathi sinciphisa sibe yimaminithi angu-10.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuthi ukuzalwa kwenzeka kanjani okokuqala, ababelethisi bayaqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokuvula ku-primiparas sithatha amahora angu-6-8. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuzikhethela. Bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe banezizwa ezibuhlungu ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngakho-ke bangase bangaqapheli ukubonakala kobuhlanga bokuqala, obuthakathaka. Ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa le nkathi, odokotela batusa ukuhamba kancane kancane, ukwenza imisebenzi yasendlini.

Umsebenzi ekuzalweni

"Abasebenzi" ezithintekayo zibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezingenangqondo zezidumbu zodonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu, okusiza ingane ukuba ihambe eceleni komsele wokuzalwa. Njengoba kufika imizamo, isigaba sesibili sokudiliva siqala, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuxoshwa. Iqala ngokudalulwa ngokugcwele komlomo wesibeletho futhi ihlala kuze kube sekuzalweni kwengane. Le nqubo inomlingiswa we-reflex - ayikwazi ukulawulwa.

Ukuze kuqale ukubeletha okubuhlungu okokuqala, owesifazane okhulelwe angakhulisa umkhiqizo wabo. Ngokuqondile esikhathini sokuzikhandla kuyadingeka ukuba uqhume. Imizamo enjalo ikhulisa ijubane lenqubo yokuzalwa - ingane izalwa ngokushesha, umama uzwa ubuhlungu obuncane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingozi yokuthola izinkinga iyancipha, ngendlela yokuhlukunyezwa kwesisu, izicubu zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalwa kokuqala kowesifazane akuvamile ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo.

Kuzama ukuthini ukuzama ukubeletha?

Engxoxweni nomama ozayo, odokotela bakhuluma ngemizamo yokubeletha - ukuthi yini, ungaqondi konke. Ukuze achaze owesifazane okhulelwe lokho okufana nokuzwa, izigciwane zezinzwa ziyaziqhathanisa nesifiso sokukhipha amathumbu. Ukuzwa okunjalo kuphakama ngenxa yokucindezela ngokweqile kwe-fetus engxenyeni ye-rectum, ehambisana ne-contraction yemisipha yomshini wesisu. Ngokushesha lapho kubonakala ukuzwa okunjalo, odokotela bakhuluma ngesidingo sokucindezeleka.

Ukusebenza okude kube nini?

Ukuphendula umbuzo wesifazane okhulelwe, ngokuphathelene nokuthi kuzalwa isikhathi eside kangakanani, odokotela bakhombisa ukuhluka kwalolu pharamitha. Ngokwesilinganiso, umntwana uzalwa amahora angu-8-12 ngemva kokulwa kokuqala. Ngokuqondene nenkathi yokuthunjwa, lapho imizamo esebenzayo ibonakala khona, ku-primiparas kungamahora amabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici ezithile zingathinta isikhathi sale nkathi:

• ukusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia;
• isithelo esikhulu;
• umsebenzi obuthakathaka womsebenzi;
• ukuxoshwa kwemisipha yodonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu;
• i-pelvis encane.

Abasebenzi ekuzalweni - indlela yokuziphatha?

Izazi zezinkinga zegazi zichitha izingxoxo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ne-primipara, zibaxoxela indlela yokuzalwa, ngezimo ngesikhathi sokubeletha , okufanele ukwenze uma zivela nokuthi ziziphatha kanjani. Ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa kwe-fetus kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi salesi sikhathi, akubandakanyi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.

1. Ukuzwa isifiso sokucindezela - uthathe umoya ojulile.
2. Ukuncipha kancane, ubambe umoya.
3. Ngesikhathi sokunciphisa, kudingekile ukuba ukhululeke kahle.
4. Phakathi kwemizamo, uchungechunge lokuphefumula okujulile lwenziwa. Bese uphumule kancane.

Ubuhlungu ekubelethweni

Iningi lamantombazane linombandlululo - kuyabuhlungu ukubeletha okokuqala. Eqinisweni, kuncike ekutheni ubukhulu bomzimba bubuhlungu. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo yokuzala okujwayelekile ingadluliselwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha owesifazane ugcwele imizwa ehlukene: ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka, injabulo. Ngokushesha bangakwazi ukuphazamisa umama wesikhathi esizayo ebuhlungu obukhulu, bese emnaka.

Ukukhuluma nabesifazane abakhulelwe mayelana nendlela okuzalwa ngayo okokuqala, odokotela banakekele izinguquko ekujuleni kwemvelo nobuhlungu bobuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokudalulwa komlomo wesibeletho, abesifazane abakhulelwe bathola ubuhlungu bokudonsa, obuhlungu. Ayinayo indawo yangempela, ingakwazi ukunikeza umlenze noma isifunda esingenalutho, i-sacrum. Lapho kuqala imizamo, ubuhlungu buba nzima. Kulesi simo, indawo yayo yi-vagina, i-perineum, i-rectum. Kukhona isifiso sokuqina.

Ukuzalwa - izinkinga

Izikhala ngesikhathi sokulethwa ziwumphumela ovamile wokubukeka komntwana. Imfundo yabo ihlotshaniswa nokuhluleka kwesifazane ukulandela imiyalelo yesigqila. Bavuka kulabo besifazane abaqhamukayo abangalweli kanzima. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukwephulwa kobuqotho bezishukela ze-vagina ne-perineum. Phakathi kwezinye izinkinga zenqubo yokuzalwa, kufanele kuqashelwe:

• ukwephulwa kweziqephu zokuqala - iziphazamiso ezingavumelanisiwe zemisipha ye-uterine, okuvimbela ukuqala komsebenzi;
• ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe-amniotic fluid - amanzi aphuma ngaphambi kokudalulwa ngokugcwele komlomo wesibeletho;
• ukuchithwa kwe-placental ngaphambi kwesikhathi - kwenzeka ngezingqinamba ezinkulu ze-uterine noma kwabesifazane abane-coagulation engafanele;
• ubuthakathaka bokusebenza - kuvela lapho owesifazane okhulelwe engenamandla okwanele ukuqedela inqubo yokulethwa;
• I-pelvis encane emitholampilo - ukungalingani ngobukhulu be-fetal ngosayizi we-pelvic;
• i-hypoxia ye-fetus - ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokuphefumula kwe-oksijini emntwaneni.

Ungaqala kanjani ukuvuselela ngemva kokubeletha?

Ukubuyiselwa emva kokukhulelwa nokubeletha kuyinkqubo ende. Emzimbeni ngokushesha ubuyele esimweni saso sangaphambili, odokotela batusa ukulandela imithetho elandelayo:

1. Hlanganisa umsebenzi omzimba oqinile.
2. Qaphela ukuhlanzeka okujulile.
3. Ukuhambisana ngokugcwele nezincomo ezikhishwe.

Ukubuyisa amafomu amadala, ngaphandle kokulimaza inqubo yokulahla, kudingeka uqale ngokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila:

• ukuhamba okusebenzayo, hhayi ngaphansi kwehora ngelilanga;
• ukwakheka okulungile kokudla - ukulahla ngosuku akusi ngaphansi kuka-2500 Kcal. Awukwazi ukuhlukumeza amaswidi, ufulawa, imikhiqizo yokubhema.

Izinsuku zokuqala emva kokubeletha

Usuku lokuqala emva kokubeletha owesifazane ungaphansi kokuqondiswa okudokotela odokotela. Izimbangela ezinamandla zesibindi ngalesi sikhathi zingabangela ukuphuma kwegazi. Ngosuku lokuqala kukhona ukukhishwa okukhulu kwegazi, nge-clots encane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu uhlamvu lwabo lushintsha ku-serous-engcwele. Ukuphela kokukhulelwa kwenzeka ngesonto 6 emva kokubeletha.

Ukukhathazeka e-perineum ngosuku lokuqala kungenzeka ngisho nangaphandle kokuhlukana. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqina okunamandla kwamapayipi angama-lumbar we-pelvis encane. Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu buphela ngokuphelele izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Imiphumela emihle ingenzeka uma i-episiotomy isenziwa - ukuhlaselwa kwezicubu zomzimba ngenxa yokuqhekeka okusongelayo, kulandelwa ukuqhuma isilonda.