Kuyini ukuzifunda? Ngokuba umuntu, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, lokho akufezile ngamandla akhe, ikhono nokubekezela kwakuhlale kuyigugu. Indima yokuzifundela ekubunjweni kobuntu ibaluleke kakhulu: ukudalula umuntu umhlaba ngokuzwakalayo okwehlukile kanye nomuntu ngamunye.
Ukuzivocavoca - kuyini?
Ukuzifundela kuyisifiso sokuziqhenya komuntu ngokuzikhethela futhi ngokuzimela ukuqonda amandla akhe, anikezwe ngokwemvelo. Ukuze uqaphele ngokugcwele kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olujulile ngokwakho, ukuphelela kwezimfanelo zomuntu siqu, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono adingekayo, ikhono lokucabanga okucabangayo . Kuyini ukuzifunda - lokhu kuhlolisiswa kakhulu ngabalobi, izazi zefilosofi, othisha, izazi ze-psychologist kusukela emlandweni wasendulo.
Psychology of self-education
Izazi zengqondo zithi umphefumulo womuntu uyisisusa sokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Umqondo wokuzifundela uqukethe izinto eziningana ezibalulekile: ukwakheka komlingiswa, amandla, ukuthuthukiswa komugqa wokuziphatha. U-Erich Fromm - isazi se-psychoanalyst waseJalimane nesazi sefilosofi sangekhulu lama-XX, ezitatimendeni zakhe wakhuluma ngomsebenzi oyinhloko wokuphila komuntu - ukuzinikela impilo, ukuba abe yilokho okusemandleni akhe. Umphumela obaluleke kakhulu wemizamo ubuntu bakhe siqu. Izisusa ezihamba phambili zenza izifiso zangaphakathi ukuzikhandla.
Iyini imfundo ebonakalayo?
Ukuzifundela empilweni yomuntu omdala - umgomo wayo oyinhloko ulandela umsebenzi ojulile womuntu ngaphezu komlingiswa wakhe futhi uhlanganisa:
- ukunqoba izimo zokuphila ezinzima nemibandela - lokhu kuyamcasula umuntu;
- Ukusebenzisa izici zobuntu ezingalungile nokuthuthukiswa okuhle;
- ukuqeqeshwa ekubhekaneni nokulawula imizwelo - ukukhulisa izinga lokuhlakanipha kwengqondo ;
- ukunamathela kwangempela endleleni yomuntu siqu ekuphileni.
Kungani udinga ukuzifundela?
Ukuzifunda komuntu ngamunye kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuxazulula ukuphikisana nokuphikisana okubangela isidingo somuntu ukuzitshintsha. Ukuqashelwa akuyona njalo inqubo enhle, kodwa kuyadingeka ngesizathu esihle. Umuntu oqaphela izinhlangothi zawo ezimbi, ubhekene nemizwa engathandeki yecala, ulaka, intukuthelo - lokhu kuyamunyu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, umzuzu wokuphulukisa. Usizo lokuzifunda nokuthuthukisa:
- ukuze uzijabulise wena kanye nabantu abakuzungezile;
- injabulo yokunqoba iqala ukukhukhumeza, isifiso sokusiza labo abadinga
- ukuqaphela ukuzwakalisa ukuziveza;
- ukuze uphumelele.
Izindlela zokuzifundela
Kuyini ukuzifundela kahle futhi yiziphi izindlela zokuzifundela? Isaga esithandwayo: "Age of Life - Age of Learning" ibonisa kahle inqubo yokuzifundisa. Umuntu obeka unyawo kule ndlela uthuthukiswa njalo "ngameva kuya ezinkanyezini". Izindlela ezisiza ukuhlela imisebenzi endleleni yokuzifundela:
- Ukuzibophezela : ukukhuluma ngokwakho nokuzilandela, ngokukhumbuza njalo nokuphishekela ukugcwaliseka - lokhu kuholela ekwakheni umkhuba oqinile.
- Uzwela - ukuzibandakanya nemizwa yabanye, "ukuzibona" kwenye indawo - kusiza ukuveza izimfanelo zokuziphatha. Umuntu ozwa uzwela angazibona evela ngaphandle, njengoba abantu abazungezile bebona.
- Ukuzi-oda noma ukuzibophezela - ufundise intando futhi kancane kancane ukungabi namfanelo ngamabomu kuyaphela.
- Ukuzijezisa - ngokungahambisani nemithetho nezibopho, kujeziswa, okushiwo ngaphambi kokubheka izibopho.
- Ukuzigxeka - ukuphikisana kwangaphakathi kuholela ekusebenziseni ukuzithuthukisa.
- Ukuzizethemba kuxhomeke ekuzihloneleni. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi baphinde bahlakulele amacala abo ngokuzwakalayo, ngakho-ke ukunakwa kwabo kukhethwe kulokho okudingeka kwenziwe.
- Ukuzihlolisisa (ukuzihlola) - kufaka ukuzithiba, ukugcina idayari, ukubika.
Ungaqala kanjani ukuzifunda?
Ukuzifundela nokuzifundisa komuntu kuqala ngobuntwana ekukhuliseni ingane ngabazali, ngokubheka izinkambiso, imithetho, ekuhloleni imisebenzi yabantwana ngabantu abadala. Le nqubo iyaqalwa ngokusemthethweni kusukela ebusheni. Umuntu ongazange athole ukunakekelwa okufanele nokudalulwa kwamandla akhe emndenini angazikhulisa zonke lezo zimfanelo ezibalulekile kuye.
Indlela yokuzifundela iqala ngezinyathelo ezincane:
- ukuqonda nokuqaphela isidingo sokuguqula ngokwakho;
- ukuzimisela ukuthatha izinyathelo ekuziphenduleleni;
- ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi nokukholelwa ekuphumeleleni;
- ukubeka (ukuchaza) imigomo nezinhloso;
- izindlela zokuzikhethela nezindlela.
Inkinga yokuzifundela
Inkinga yokuzifundela nokuzithuthukisa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo yayihlala "izingqondo ezikhanyayo" zabacwaningi, izazi zefilosofi. Umqondo wokuzifundela uhamba ngezikhathi zonke isikhathi - ukushintsha okungenakuqashelwa, kanti futhi uqukethe amaqiniso angunaphakade. UPlato, uSocrates, u-Aristotle - owokuqala usebenza lapho ubona khona ukubaluleka kokwazi nokwazi ukuvela komuntu njengomuntu ohlelweni lokuzivuselela. Umphakathi udinga abantu abanamandla, abanesipho abaye bakhuphula izimfanelo zokuziphatha eziphakeme. Inkinga iboniswa eqinisweni lokuthi umuntu angakhetha amanani amanga, izimiso futhi azilandele.
Abantu abakhulu bahlanganyela ekuzifundiseni
Ukuzifundisa kwabantu abadumile kuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuthi singakwazi ukunqoba isiphetho esinzima, izimo ezingafaneleki, impilo engafanele. Bonke: abalobi, abaculi, izazi zefilosofi, abaculi, izinhloko zamabhizinisi kanye namazwe - abeke umgomo wokuba yimpumelelo, ewusizo futhi ngokuzifundela abazuze kakhulu.
- I-Demosthenes yisikhulumi sasendulo sesiGreki. Ngokuqhubekayo unqothule inkulumo ehlangene ngolimi, izwi elibuthakathaka ngokwemvelo, ukuphoqa ngokucindezela kwehlombe. Ukuzivocavoza kwasiza uDemosthenes ukuba abe ngumkhulumeli omkhulu futhi akhulume ezinkantolo, ithonya kwezombusazwe.
- UPeter Omkhulu - "inkosi enezikhala ezandleni zakhe" - umbusi waseRussia wayekuthanda ukukhuluma ngaye. Ngesibonelo sakhe sokuzikhukhumeza nokukhubaza umlingisi ezimweni ezibuhlungu, wabeka isibonelo kubantu bakhe.
- I-A.P. UChekhov , umbhali waseRussia, uzithola esezibunzima ngemuva kokubhujiswa komndeni wakhe, wafika esiphethweni sokuthi kwakudingeka ukuhlakulela "insimbi ezosebenza". Umlobi wayekholelwa ukuthi "ubuvila buzelwe ngaphambi kwakhe" futhi ukuzifundela nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okudala kusiza ukuthi iKeykhov yenzeke ebhizinisini lokubhala.
- UFranklin Roosevelt unguMongameli we-United States. Isimiso esiqinile sosuku kusukela ebuntwaneni kanye nesifiso solwazi olujulile yisici esiqhubekayo sokuzifundela kulo lonke impilo.
- U-Albert Einstein ungumbhali wezinto eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi esemncane wayekhuluma kabi, kusukela ekubukeni koothisha waqashelwa ngobuwula bakhe, ukuphuza nokuntuleka kwekhono lokufunda. Usosayensi wabonisa ukukhuthala nokukhuthele okukhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ukuzimela kokucabanga, ukuthuthukiswa kwethenda - konke lokhu kuyisithelo sezinyathelo zika-Einstein ekuzifundiseni.
- A.Nevsky, L.N. UTolstoy, uL. Beethoven, eVincent. UGogh, uDF Nash, Frida Kahlo, Mohammed Ali, Stevie Wonder, Mithun Chakraborty, uStephen Hawking, uNico Vuychich uphelele ohlwini oluphelele lwabantu abaye banqoba ukungathí sina kokungabi, ukungapheleli, izifo ngokwenza ngcono nokuzifundela.
Amabhuku mayelana nokuzifundela
Kuyini ukubaluleka kokuzifundisa-lokhu kungasetshenziswa emibhalweni yabantu abadumile, izinhlawulo zabo ezizimele:
- "Imfundo nokuzifundela" VA. Sukhomlinsky
- "Psychology of Education" LM. Zubin
- "Ulwazi oluzimele nokuzifundela kohlamvu" Yu.M.Orlov
- "Incwadi mayelana namandla phezu kwe-E.Robbins"
- "Imithetho yabanqobile" B.Shefer
- "Imfundo yokuzifundela kanye nemikhuba yokuziphatha esebenzayo yabantwana" N.F. Yakovleva, M.I. Shilov
- "Life Without Borders" nguNiko Vuychich