Izingane zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ezibelethwe ngebele zivame ukuba nezifo ezikhukhumezekile nezifo ezibandayo kakhulu. Kodwa izingane ngokudla okufakelwayo kanye nezinsana ezingakafiki zivame ukugula. Izinto eziqhubeka zikhubaza ukukhukhumezeka ziyizimbambo, ukungeneli okwanele noma okunamandla kakhulu ezinganeni, ukunakekelwa okubi, ukuhlala okungavamile emoyeni omusha, ubufebe.
Ukwelashwa kokukhwehlela ezinganeni: izici
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhwehlela ezinganeni ziyi:
- I-ARVI, izimpawu ezivame ukwedlula zonke ezizokhwehlela, impumulo kanye nemfiva.
- Izifo ezivuthayo zokuphefumula ezingenhla, okuyizinkinga ze-ARVI futhi zizibonakalisa ngokwabo ngokukhwehlela.
- Umoya ongcolile ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, umoya owomile ekamelweni lomntwana.
- Ukukhwehlela kwe-Reflex okwenzeka lapho umzimba wangaphandle ungena emkhakheni wokuphefumula. Kubonakala ngokumelene nesizinda sempilo ephelele ngesikhathi sokudla, ikakhulukazi lapho bedla amantongomane noma amabhisikidi omile, kanye nalapho bedlala ingane ngokuhlaselwa kobudlova. Kwenzeka ngokuvuvukala kwezindlebe eziphakathi ngenxa yokucasula kwebhubhane le-tympanic.
Ukwelashwa kwezingane ukukhwehlela kuze kube unyaka akuxhomeke kuphela kwizimbangela ezibangelwa ukukhwehlela, kodwa futhi uhlobo lokukhwehlela. Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo:
- eyomile, engenakukhiqiza (ngaphandle kwe-sputum) nemanzi, okukhiqizayo (nge-sputum);
- isisindo (kuze kube amasonto amathathu) futhi singapheli;
- unomphela kanye nesikhathi esifushane, kanye ne-episodic ne-paroxysmal.
Kunokuba uphathe umkhuhlane kumntwana?
Ezinganeni, ukwelashwa kokukhwehlela, ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezifuywayo, kungenzeka kuphela uma kungabikho fever. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswa, ukwelashwa kokukhwehlela ezinganeni kuqhutshwa kuphela esibhedlela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela.
Uma siphatha umkhuhlane ngaphandle kokushisa komntwana osanda kuzalwa, okokuqala, kufanele sizinakekele i-microclimate ekamelweni lapho umntwana ekhona khona. Igumbi kumele lihlale liphuza umoya - okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2 ngosuku, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngama-20-22 degrees, futhi ukwandisa umswakama ekamelweni ungalenga i-diaper emanzi noma ubeke iziqukathi ezivulekile ngamanzi.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukukhwehlela ingane yenza ukusikhipha okulula kwesifuba nesisu. Ukunciphisa ukudakwa nokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ingane inika inani elanele loketshezi lokuphuza. Okuwusizo kakhulu kwengane ekhwehlela kuyoba umoya omusha, ngakho-ke akufanele ugweme ukuhamba emgwaqweni futhi kunconywa ukuthi ubeke izingane ekulele ubusuku evesini elivuthiwe, kodwa kuphela ekushiseni komzimba okujwayelekile. Uma umntwana enomkhuhlane owomile, kufanele wenziwe umanzi, lapho ukucindezela kuvame ukusetshenziswa.
Izidakamizwa zokukhwehlela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila
Uma ukhwehlela owomile sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezicindezela ukukhwehlela kuphela lapho ziba yi-paroxysmal futhi ziqhuba ingozi yokuba yi-bronchospasm.
Uma ukukhwehlela kunomanzi, khona-ke ukunciphisa ukuhoxiswa kwe-phlegm sebenzisa izindlela zokuxubha (iLazolvan, i-Ambroxol) ezinganeni emva kweminyaka emithathu, kanye nokupuniza, nokukhiqizwa kwamasu okuhlunga okukhethekile okwenziwa yi-sputum, ama teas ne-chamomile nonina nomama wesisu, ukucindezela nokuxubha isifuba nge-oucalyptus ointment, amapayipi wesinaphi ngokusebenzisa izingxenye eziningana ze-gauze.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu, udokotela ubeka izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic. Futhi nge-inflammation ehlanzekile, inkambo ejoqayo yama-antibiotic amaningi (ngokuvamile ngokuvamile avela eqenjini lama-cephalosporins) angafaka.