Izinyanga ezinhlanu kumntwana - lokho ingane engayenza, nendlela yokuyihlakulela kahle?

Lapho ingane iphenduka izinyanga ezingu-5 ubudala, izinguquko eziningi zenzeka empilweni yengane nemvelo yakhe. Lesi sikhathi singabhekwa njengesiteji sokuhlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono atholakalayo kanye nokuguqula indlela entsha yokuphila. Ukuze uthuthukise imvuthu futhi uqhubeke nokugeleza ngokuvumelana, abazali kudingeka bazi izici zalesi sikhathi seminyaka.

Ukuphakama nesisindo somntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-5

Enye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kanye nempilo yengane isisindo somzimba nokukhula, ngakho-ke izindinganiso zabo ezijwayelekile (ezijwayelekile) zithandeka kubo bonke abazali abanakekelayo. Isisindo somntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-5 kuvame ukuphindwe kabili lokho okuqoshwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isisindo sibhekwa ukuthi siphakathi kuka-6.1 no-7.8 kg samantombazane futhi 6.7 kuya ku-8.4 kg kubafana. Ngokuqondene nokukhula, amantombazane kufanele abe ngo-61.7-66.3 cm, futhi kubafana - 63.7-68.1 cm.

Ezinye izinguquko zomzimba nazo zibonakala:

• I-physique iba ne-proportion, futhi imisipha iba namandla kakhulu;
• ukuvuthwa kwezakhiwo zamehlo kuqhubeka, ngenxa yokuthi umntwana usuvele ubona izinto kude kude no 4-5 m, uhlukanisa phakathi kwezintwana ezincane nezinto ezihamba phambili;
• kukhona ukugcinwa okukhulu kwemali, ehlobene nokufika okudlulayo kanye nesidingo sokuhlanza umlomo womlomo;
• cishe konke ukucabanga okungaxilwanga kuphelile.

Ukudla komntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-5

Abazali abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi yini ingane engayenza ezinyangeni ezingu-5, indlela yokuhlela kahle ukudla kwakhe kule minyaka. Njengangaphambili, isidlo esikhulu somntwana sihlala ubisi lwebele noma ifomula yobisi oluguquguqukayo, kodwa kwezinye izingane, kungenzeka ukuthi sekudingekile ukwethula ukudla okuhambisanayo. Lokhu kunqunywe ngabanye, kanti udokotela wezingane, hhayi umama, kufanele asungule, unikele ngezici eziningana:

• Ingakanani ingane isilinganisa ezinyangeni ezingu-5;
• kokudla kwemvelo noma okufakelwayo kutholakala;
• indlela ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe ngokomzimba kuqhubeka ngayo;
• kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezibonakaliso zokuntula i-anemia noma i-hypovitaminosis, ukukhungatheka kwamathumbu.

Imenyu yengane ezinyangeni ezingu-5 ku-GW

Ingane enempilo, ebelethwe, ayinconywa kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa izinyanga eziyisithupha. Umama kufanele abheke kuphela ukudla okunomsoco, okumele kube okugcwele, ocebile ngamavithamini namaminerali, ukuze ubisi lufane nezidingo zomntwana wengane. Ukukhanga kwengane ezinyangeni ezingu-5 kungadingeka uma udokotela ehlonza ukuntuleka kwesisindo, elele ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba noma omama ane-lactation embi.

Njengesitsha sokuqala "somuntu omdala", ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukunikeza umkhiqizo oyedwa - i-porridge (irayisi, i-oats, i-buckwheat) noma i-puree yemifino (isikwashi, ithanga, ukholifulawa, i-broccoli). Udinga ukuqala nge-0.5-1 ithisipuni, ukwandisa kancane kancane ivolumu kuya ku-100-150 g nokufaka esikhundleni se-lactation ngesondlo esisodwa. Kwezinye izimo, ngesisindo somzimba esisimpofu, ochwepheshe bangancoma ukuthi bangadli ukudla okuhambisanayo, nokudla okuhambisanayo ngenhlanganisela.

Ukudla komntwana we-IV ezinyangeni ezingu-5

Imenyu yengane kufanele ilandelwe ngokukhanga ezinyangeni ezingu-5 uma kuphawulwa izimpawu ezilandelayo, okubonisa ukuthi usekulungele ukwandisa ukudla:

• i-crumb ithinta kahle ikhanda, ihlala ngaphandle kokusekelwa;
• kunesithakazelo ekudleni, okuyinto abadala asebenzisayo;
• i-kid ingathatha ukudla nge-spoon, ayiyikuyixosha.

Kubantu abenza izinto zokufakelwa , okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu noma i-puree yemifino kunconywa njengokudla kokuqala . Kulesi simo, uma ingane iphazamisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqothulwa, kungcono ukuqala ngemifino, futhi uma isifo sohudo noma isisindo sincane kakhulu, kungcono ukufaka umkhumbi ekuqaleni. Ngokuphathelene nokuthi ingane idla kangakanani ezinyangeni ezingu-5, kunezinkambiso ezilinganiselwe ezinjalo: ukudla izikhathi ezingu-5-6 ngosuku, inani lokudla elidliwe ngu-900-1000 g. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokusungulwa kokudla okuhambisanayo, kunconywa ukuba unikeze imfucumfucu yamanzi - angaphezu kwama-50 ml ngosuku.

Umbuso wezingane ezinyangeni ezingu-5

Ngokuvamile umntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-5 unamathele embusweni ofanayo njengangaphambili. Indima ebalulekile emisebenzini yansuku zonke iyindawo yokuzilibazisa esebenzayo, ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba, kwengqondo, ngokomzwelo. Isikhathi sokuvuka, ngokwesilinganiso, amahora angu-2-2.5 phakathi kwephampo ukubuyisela amandla. Kudla - njalo amahora 3-3.5. Ekuseni emva kokuvuka, kunconywa ukuthi uchithe isikhathi senqubo yokuhlanzeka nokuzivocavoca. Phakathi nosuku, isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka kufanele sinikezwe emidlalweni, ekukhulumisaneni, ekuhambeni. Ngaphambi kokulala ubusuku, kuyoba usizo ukuba uhlaziye ngokuphumula nokugeza ebhodini.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi asikho isidingo sokubamba ngokuqinile imodi kwehora. Kubalulekile ukugcina isigqi sokuphumula okungajwayelekile njalo, umsebenzi wokudla, okumele uhambelane ne-biorhyth yomntwana nonina, uhlangabezane nezidingo zomzimba zemvuthuluka. Isikhathi sokuvuka ekuseni nokulala ebusuku kungaba umuntu ngamunye emndenini ngamunye.

Ingakanani ingane ilele ezinyangeni ezingu-5?

Ngokuvamile ingane eneminyaka emihlanu ilele amahora angu-14-16, okuyi-10 azowa ebusuku. Phakathi nosuku, ingane ingalala kathathu amahora angu-1.5-2. Abantfwana ababelethwe ngamabele ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi bangasukuma izikhathi ezimbalwa ebusuku, basebenzisa esifubeni, kodwa besondele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, izingane eziningi zilala ubunzima ubusuku bonke.

Ingane ayilali kahle izinyanga ezingu-5

Ukulala okuphelele kwengane, ikakhulukazi ubusuku, kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi emzimbeni kuphela, kodwa nangomsebenzi wobuchopho. Ngenkathi umntwana elele, lonke ulwazi olutholiwe luhlaziywa, luyalwe futhi ludliwe, ama-hormone okukhula akhiqizwa, futhi kutholakala imithombo yamandla. Uma ingane eneminyaka emihlanu ivame ukuvuka ebusuku, ingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, isimo sesimiso sezinzwa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthola izimbangela nokuqinisekisa ukulala kwengane. Ukuphazamiseka okungahle kwenzeke kokuphazamiseka kokulala, uma izinyanga ezinhlanu ukuya kwengane, kungaba:

• i-microclimate engalungile ekamelweni lokulala (emoyeni owomile, okwenyuka);
• izingubo ezingathandeki, izindiza , ingubo efudumele kakhulu;
• ukusika amazinyo okuqala;
• ukuminyanisa kwamanzi ;
• ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla;
• indlala.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ezinyangeni ezingu-5

Injabulo yangempela ukubona indlela ingane iqala ngayo ezinyangeni ezingu-5. Kakade kusukela kule nkathi uba umhlanganyeli ogcwele kulokho okwenzekayo nxazonke, ukuxhumana namalungu omndeni. Akuphephile kanzima ukushiya eyodwa isikhathi eside, njengoba ukunyakaza kwakhe kusebenza ngokwengeziwe. Indawo elula kunazo zonke i-carpet noma ingubo igcwele phansi lapho angathuthukisa khona amakhono akhe futhi afunde konke okukuzungezile. Imininingwane eminingi ngalokho umntwana angakwenza ezinyangeni ezingu-5, sizocubungula.

Yini ingane engayenza ezinyangeni ezingu-5?

Sibala zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ingane okufanele ikwazi ukuyenza ezinyangeni ezingu-5:

• hlala ngokusekela emuva noma kokubili ukuphatha;
• Lungisa imilenze, uma uyithatha ngaphansi kwezimpondo zakho bese uyibeka ezinyaweni zakho phezu kobunzima;
• ukuphakamisa amahlombe nekhanda, elele emhlane, futhi elele esiswini sakhe - ukuphakama, ukuxhomeka ezinhlangothini nasezihlokweni;
• uqhubekele eceleni kwakhe, kusuka esiswini kuya emuva;
• zama ukugwaza (elele esiswini sakhe, ingane ishaya umzimba phambili, ifinyelela);
• bamba izinto ngezandla bese ubamba, shiya kusuka kwesinye isibambo ukuya kwesinye;
• ukuhlambalaza nokuhamba, ukucacisa ngokucacile izikhalazi (futhi "inkulumo" inemibala engokomzwelo);
• thola umthombo womsindo bese usabela kuwo;
• ukuqaphela abantu abavame ukubonwa.

Indlela yokuthuthukisa ingane ezinyangeni ezingu-5?

Ingane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, okuthuthukiswa kwayo okufanele kuyenze ngokuhambisana eduze nemidlalo, ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka akuphuthelwa ithuba lokufunda nokufunda okuthile okusha, futhi ngumthwalo wabazali ukukhuthaza izifiso zomntwana. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akakwazi ukudikibala uma ethatha amapeni noma imilenze yakhe, amathoyizi ahlukahlukene (ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi aphephile). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinyanga ezingu-5 zengane, ngokuthuthukiswa kwayo okubanzi, abazali badinga:

1. Bonisa izinto ezizungezile, uzibize (hhayi kuphela ezitholakala eduze, kodwa futhi ezikude).
2. Khuthaza i-crumb ukuthatha amathoyizi asezingeni elide uma elele esiswini sakhe.
3. Ukukhuthaza ukukhahlela, ukufaka esikhundleni semilenze yesandla somfana, lapho angasusa khona.
4. Ukujwayela incazelo yamazwi athi "ku", "thatha", uhambisane nabo ngezenzo ezifanele.
5. Funda izincwadi ezincane, ngokunikeza ithuba lokubuka izithombe ezimibalabala, uthinte.

Izifundo nosana ezinyangeni ezinhlanu

Nsuku zonke kunconywa ukuba unike isikhathi semidlalo yezinyanga ezingu-5 zezingane. Imidlalo ethakazelisayo iyasiza futhi iyasiza ngalesi sikhathi: "I-Fort-crow", "Ladushki", "Sabe i-orange" nokunye okunjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungadlala nomntwana emdlalweni othi "Fihla futhi ufune", usebenzisa ukuhluka kwawo okuhlukahlukene: ukuvala amehlo akho ngamehlo akho, ukuvala amehlo wengane, ukufihla ubuso bakho ngemuva kwesandla, ukufihla ngemuva kwefenisha, ukufihla amathoyizi ngaphansi kwengubo nokunye. Kulokhu, kufanele ubuze le kid: "Ngingubani?", Futhi, ebonisa ukuthi, "Ku-ku!".

Akudingekile uma ingane ineminyaka engu-5 ubudala, idlale naye kunoma iyiphi imidlalo ejwayelekile. Into eyinhloko ukuhlale uxhumana nocansi, uguqule noma yisiphi isenzo emisebenzini esathuthukayo: ukondla, ukushintsha i-diaper, izinqubo zokuhlanzeka. Ngaphandle kokuxhumana, ukuthintana nokuxhumana kuthinta indima ebalulekile kule minyaka, ikakhulukazi nonina. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ukugqoka njalo ezandleni zakho (noma esendleleni), ukwenza imisebenzi elula yendlu, ukudansa nomntwana.

Amathoyizi wezingane ezinyangeni ezingu-5

Abazali abaningi banenkinga ukuthi ingane inganikezwa ithoyizi ezinyangeni ezingu-5, okuyinto ewusizo kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni kwayo. Kunconywe kule minyaka yimathoyizi ethuthukisa amakhono emoto, umbono ozwakalayo nokubukwa:

• ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ;
• amabhola amakhulu;
• izibuko zemibukiso;
• amathoyizi omculo (ama-rattles, i-pishchalki, izinsimbi, i-xylophone, upiyano);
• isando-isambatho;
• yula;
• i-tumbler;
• izincwajana ezinamakhasi athambile.

Ukuvocavoca kwezinsana ezinyangeni ezinhlanu

Izingane ezinyangeni ezingu-5 zidinga umzimba wokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke, imisebenzi eyinhloko yilezi: ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza, ukujwayela kwe-muscle ithoni, ukuvuselela ukuzivikela komzimba. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni, ekamelweni eliphezulu, ungasebenzisa umculo wesigqi. Ubude bokuzivocavoca ngu-15-30 imizuzu. Nakhu okunye ukuvivinya umzimba okuwusizo kwengane ezinyangeni ezingu-5:

1. Ukubeka iminwe yakho entendeni yesandla sakho, uphakamise uphinde ubeke phansi uphendule uphinde uhlangane, izinyathelo eziyindilinga, iziphambano, i-flexion-extension, ukunyakaza kwesibindi.
2. Esimweni ngemuva, bhonsa imilenze yengane emadolweni, izinyawo etafuleni (phansi). Ngezinye izikhathi ungagodli futhi ugobe izitho ukuze izinyawo zingaveli.
3. Ukuzivocavoca "ngebhayisikili" - ngenkathi uguquguquka imilenze kufanele uthinte isisu.
4. Ijika kusukela emuva kuya esiswini (ngokuvuselelwa kwengane ukuguqula ungasebenzisa amathoyizi).
5. Ukuzivocavoca "ukugwinya" - isisu ukuze ubeke lo mfana ezintendeni zezandla zakhe, ngenkathi eguqa emuva bese ephakamisa ikhanda.
6. Ukubamba ingane ngaphansi kwezingalo ngokuqondile, yithinte ngamasokisi omzimba onzima, ukuze athinte ngemilenze, njengokungathi idansa.