I-cornea yesiso lomuntu iyinkimbinkimbi "yamathuluzi" ayisihlanu. Imelelwa yi-epithelium, i-boumenovaya ne-Descemetian izibilini, i-stroma ne-endothelium. I-corneal isilonda umonakalo ohlangothini olunzulu lwezicubu. Ezindaweni ezithintekile kukhona ukonakala (iva).
I-Corneal ulcer imbangela
Izici ezilandelayo zingabangela ukubonakala kwalesi sifo:
- ukulimala okwenziwa ngomshini emehlweni;
- ukulimala kwe-cornea ngamakhemikhali aphikisayo noma ukwakheka okushisayo kakhulu;
- umphumela wokwehliswa kwamagciwane, amagciwane kanye nesifungi;
- ukoma okwanele kwe-eyeballs ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini A no-B noma isifo sezinzwa;
- Ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwemithi elwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokubulala umzimba, okhiqizwa ngendlela yamaconsi.
Izilonda ze-corneal zingabangelwa ukungahambisani kahle kwama- lens namaphutha ekunakekeleni. Kusho, oklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa umbono, kungabangela izicubu ezintekenteke ukulimala okukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzoqala ukuvuvukala okukhulu, okwenziwe kube yizilonda. Imisebenzi yokuhlinzwa yakamuva yandisa amathuba okule nkinga eyenzekayo.
I-Corneal ulcer - izimpawu
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngezibonakaliso ezithile. Ngakho-ke, isilonda esweni lihambisana nalokhu okulandelayo:
- izinzwa ezibuhlungu ezibangelwa ukuguguleka komzimba futhi zanda nokuqhubeka kwesifo;
- ukuwohloka kombono ngenxa yokuthi izicubu ezizungezile indawo yokukhukhula zikhula;
- i-photophobia ephawulweyo kanye nokulila okujulile .
Isilonda se-corneal sihlukaniswa ngokwezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Esikhathini sesifo , ifomu eliyingozi noma elingavamile.
- Ukujula kwesilonda kujulile noma kungacacile.
- Endaweni yendawo yendawo - i-peripheral, ephakathi noma ephakathi.
- Ngenxa yezimpande - ibhaktheriya, i-parasitic, i-fungal noma ayibangelwa izifo.
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo izilonda zesilonda
Lesi sifo singaba nezifo ezinjalo:
- i-pneumococcus;
- i-staphylococcus aureus;
- streptococcus nezinye izidakamizwa.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okukhulu. Isilonda esinjalo se-corneal sinomphumela wokungena ngaphakathi. Ngasemuva kunqamuke kakhulu isifo. Kukhona omunye ukungenelela, okuncane okuqhubekayo. Lona indawo evuselelayo. Lapha kukhona inqubo yokulahla izicubu nokuphulukisa. Ezimweni ezinzima, iris enezilonda ezinwabuzelayo ze-cornea ingase ivele ivele. Noma kunjalo, kuvame ukuthengiswa ngameva.
I-Purulent corneal ulcer
I-keratitis enjalo ekusakazeni isendaweni yesibili - iyamukelwa kuphela izilonda zesisu. Lesi sesilonda se-corneal sihlukaniswa nobukhulu bokuvuza nokuhamba kwe-transience. Ngokuvamile kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono nokulahlekelwa kweso. Isilonda se-bacteria se-cornea singaba nemvelo ehlukile yentuthuko:
- ukulimala kwezicubu;
- i-conjunctivitis;
- izifo zamajwabu amehlo
- imisebenzi eyenziwa i-cornea;
- amalensi akhethiwe ngokungalungile nokunye okunye.
I-peripheral ulcer ye-cornea
Kuyinto yokusabela okuvuvukala, okungeyona isifo esithathelwanayo. Isilonda se-peripheral sibangelwa ubuthi be-bacteria. Ngokuvamile isifo esinjalo sibonakala kulabo abagqoka ama-lens. Kungaba yinkimbinkimbi, kodwa iziguli zikhononda ngokubomvu kwamehlo kanye nesifo soreness. I-infiltrate ngokwayo isayizi encane (ububanzi buhluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-10 mm). Kuhlanganiswe.
I-corneal ulcer ulwelwesi
Lolu hlobo lwe-keratitis luyindlela yokusabela evuvukala kusukela emaphethelweni amajwabu amehlo noma amathanga ezinyembezi. Isilonda esinjalo se-corneal kumuntu unezici ezilandelayo:
- Ukwakhiwa kwephuzu kungena ngaphakathi, okube sekuhlangene ne-keratitis eyodwa.
- Uma ijwabu leso elingaphansi lingagcini iso ngokwanele, i-cornea iyoma, amangqamuzana angatholi ukudla okwanele. Ngenxa yalokho, i-grayish ingenele amafomu ngaphezulu.
I-perforated corneal ulcer
Leli fomu le-keratitis linemininingwane yalo. Isilonda saso iso kumuntu sifinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-cornea. Ushiya ngemuva kwenhlanzi ephikelela. Uma ukutholakala okungenakwenzeka kwenkinga noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungavumelekile esakhiweni se-keratitis, kudala uklaba oluqinile. Isiguli, esinesifo esinjalo, sibhekene nobuphofu obuphelele.
Ukwelashwa kwe-corneal ulcer
Ukwelashwa kwesifo esinjalo kufanele kube yinkimbinkimbi futhi kwenziwe esibhedlela. Inkambo iqala kusukela emavikini amabili kuya ku-5. Ikhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesilonda esiyinkimbinkimbi, okumele kuhlangane nendawo, isistimu kanye ne-physiotherapy. Ngenxa yokubambisana kwezenzo kanye neziqu eziphezulu zabasebenzi bezokwelapha, isiguli siyabuyiselwa ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kwendawo kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
- ukugxilwa kwe-antibacterial (Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin) kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala (izidakamizwa ze-diclofenac) ku-conjunctiva;
- ukuphathwa kwama-antibiotics (Lincomycin, Gentamicin);
- ukugxiliswa kwe-glucocorticoids (dexamethasone);
- ukugxilisa izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ezithinta abafundi (Atropine);
- ukwethulwa komuthi okhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezonakalisiwe (i-Methyl ethylpyridinol ne-Dexpanthenol).
Ukwelashwa okuhlelekile kuhilela ukuqokwa kwemithi elandelayo:
- izixazululo zokuxoshwa (Dextrose + Ascorbic acid);
- izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala (i-Nimesulide);
- ukuphathwa kwe-antibiotics (cephalosporins noma aminopenicillins);
- nokuphulukiswa kabi kwezilonda, izidakamizwa ezinomphumela wokuvuselela zisetshenziswa;
- uma i-cornea igcwele, i-glucocorticoids isetshenziswa.
Ezimweni ezimbi kunazo zonke, lapho ukwelapha izidakamizwa kungenamandla, basebenzisa ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Phakathi nale nqubo, ikamelo elingaphambi kweso lihlanza. Imithi ye-antimicrobial isetshenziselwa lokhu. Futhi i-keratoplasty yenziwa. Ngenkathi le nqubo, ukushintshwa kwe-cornea eguqulwa nge-pathologically kwenziwa.
Izinqubo ze-Physiotherapeutic zimelelwa yizinyathelo ezinjalo:
- i-electrophoresis esebenzisa imithi yama-antiretroviral kanye ne-antibacterial;
- i-low-frequency magnetotherapy;
- i-ultraphonophoresis, lapho i-enzyme (i-Lidase, i-Fibrinolysin) isetshenziswa khona, ichithe i-fibrin iphinde ibe negalelo ekutheni i-tissue scar scarce;
- ama-trabacterial trays.
I-physiotherapy eyenziwa futhi evuselelayo. Phakathi kwezindlela zalo kungahlukaniswa kanje:
- Ukugqugquzela okuncane kakhulu kwesimiso se-endocrine, okwenza kube namazinga akhuphuka kwe-cortisol namanye ama-hormone asebenzisa kabi izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni.
- Imiphumela endaweni ethintekile ngezingxenyana ezimfushane zamanje ezihambayo.
Imiphumela yezithokozi ze-corneal ulcer
Lapho ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo, i-keratoplasty isetshenziswa. Lokhu ukufakelwa kwezimonyo kwezitho zomzimba. Le nqubo yenziwa emehlweni angaboni, lapho ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-corneal ulcer kunganiki umphumela olindelekile. Kulo msebenzi, umphimbo uyadliwa futhi ushintshwe ngezicubu ezibonakalayo. Uma amaphuzu amhlophe ahlala ngaphandle kwendawo ye-trepanation, ahlanganiswe nge-mascara ekhethekile. Le nqubo ifana kakhulu ne-tattoo.
Ama-serum ekwelapheni izilonda, izidakamizwa ezinamandla
Uma ukwelapha lesi sifo, ama-autologous agents asetshenziswa. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali alawa serumisi kufana kakhulu nesikhukhula sezinyembezi. Nanka izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- isici sokukhula se-epithelial;
- i-albin;
- impahla P;
- i-fibronectin;
- i-alpha-2 macroglobulin;
- i-insulin-like growth factor-1 nokunye okunye.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhiqiza izinsizakalo ezinjalo zokwelapha. Omunye wabo uhlinzekela ukungezwa kwama-antibiotics kumkhiqizo wokwelapha. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi i-serum igcinwe kahle. Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet iyingozi kwezinye izingxenye (enye yazo i-vitamin A). Gcina i-serum endaweni emnyama, epholile. Ukuphumelela okuphezulu okuphulukisa ukuthi leli khambi linakho kuyasivumela ukuthi siphethe ngokuthi i-purulent corneal ulcer izoqedwa - ukwelashwa kuzodlula ngaphandle kwezinkinga.