Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane - uhlu lwezifo ezivamile kanye namagciwane akingozi kakhulu

Izifo zengculazi zithinta amangqamuzana asevele ephulwa, lokho okusetshenziselwa i-agent. Ucwaningo lwamanje luye lwabonisa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngokubuthakathaka okunamandla kokuzivikela, okungeke kusakwazi ukulwa nokusongela ngokwanele.

Izici zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Emva kokutholakala kwama-bacteria kwacaca ukuthi kunezinye izimbangela zesifo. Ngokokuqala ngqá, ama-virus aqala ukukhulunywa ngawo ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, namhlanje kuningi okuye kwacutshungulwa ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili zezinhlobonhlobo zabo. Zinezinto ezivamile - ukutheleleka kwesandulela ngculazi kudinga indaba ephilayo, ngoba inezinto eziphilayo kuphela. Uma i-virus efakwe esitokisini, i-genome yayo iyashintsha, futhi iqala ukusebenza ku-parasite eye yangena ngaphakathi.

Izinhlobo zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Lezi zinambuzane zivame ukuhlukaniswa izici zazo zofuzo:

• Izifo ze-DNA - catarrhal ze-human, i-hepatitis B, i-herpes, i-papillomatosis, i-chicken pox, i-lichen;
• Umkhuhlane we-RNA, i-hepatitis C, i-HIV, i-poliomyelitis, i-AIDS.

Izifo zengculaza nazo zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokwemigomo yethonya esitokisini:

• I-cytopathic - izinhlayiya eziqoqiwe ziyalila futhi ziyibulale;
• i-immuno-mediated - igciwane elakhiwe ku-genome lilele, futhi ama-antigens alo aphuma phezulu, ebeka iseli ngaphansi komthelela wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela omzimba, esibheka njengesisulu;
• ukuthula - i-antigen ayikhiqizwa, isimo esidlulile siqhubeka isikhathi eside, ukuphindaphinda kuqala lapho izimo ezihle zenziwa;
• ukuwohloka - iseli lithinta isisu.

Igciwane lidluliselwa kanjani?

Ukusabalala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kwenziwa ngu:

1. I-Air-drip. Ukutheleleka kwegciwane lokuphefumula kudluliselwa ngokudweba ngezicucu ze-mucus ezishayelwayo ngenkathi zihlambalaza.
2. I-Parenteral. Kulesi simo, lesi sifo sivela kumama kuya kwengane, ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwezokwelapha, ubulili.
3. Ngokudla. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziza ngamanzi noma ukudla. Ngezinye izikhathi basesimweni esilalayo isikhathi eside, bevela ngaphansi kwethonya langaphandle.

Kungani izifo ezithathelwanayo zinezifo zengculazi?

Amagciwane amaningi asakazeka masinyane futhi acindezelekile, okubangela ukuvela kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Izizathu zalokhu zilandelayo:

1. Kulula ukusabalalisa. Amagciwane amaningi anzima kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane adluliselwa kalula ngamaconsi amathe, angene ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngokuphefumula. Kule fomu, i-pathogen ingakwazi ukulondoloza umsebenzi isikhathi eside, ngakho iyakwazi ukuthola abathwali abasha abaningana.
2. Isivinini sokukhiqiza. Ngemuva kokungena emzimbeni, amangqamuzana ahlushwa ngamunye, ahlinzekela isidingo esibalulekile somsoco.
3. Ukuncintisana kokuqedwa. Akuyazi njalo indlela yokwelapha ukutheleleka kwegciwane, lokhu kungenxa yolwazi olubi, kungenzeka ukuthi izinguquko nezingqinamba ekutholeni - esiteji sokuqala kudideka kalula nezinye izinkinga.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane

Inkambo yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ingase ihluke kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwayo, kodwa kukhona amaphuzu avamile.

1. Fever. Kuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuya kuma-38 degrees, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezilula kuphela zokudlula i-ARVI. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa okwamanje okukhulu. Akuhlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
2. Rash. Izifo zengculazi zesikhumba zihambisana nalezi zibonakaliso. Bangabonakala njengamabala, ama-roseola nama-vesicles. Imfanelo yobuntwana, ekukhungeni kwabantu abadala akujwayelekile.
3. I-Meningitis. Ivela nge-enterovirus nomkhuhlane , izingane zivame ukubhekana nazo.
4. Ukudakwa - ukuphelelwa yidla, ukunxanxwa, ikhanda, ubuthakathaka nokulinda. Lezi zibonakaliso zesifo se-viral zibangelwa ubuthi obukhishwe yi-pathogen ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Amandla omthelela axhomeke ebukhulu bokugula, izingane ezilukhuni kakhulu, abantu abadala abakwazi ukukubona.
5. Uhudo. Kuyisici se-rotaviruses, isitoreji samanzi, asiqukethe igazi.

Izifo Zesandulela Ngculazi - Uhlu

Akunakwenzeka ukubiza inani eliqondile lamagciwane - lihlala lishintsha, lifaka uhlu olubanzi. Izifo ezibangelwa yi-viral, uhlu lwazo ezinikezwe ngezansi, zidume kakhulu.

1. Umkhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Izimpawu zabo yizi: ubuthakathaka, umkhuhlane, umphimbo. Kusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ze-antiviral, ama-antibiotic anqunyelwe ngaphezu kokungezwa kwama-bacterium.
2. I-Rubella. Iso, isifo sokuphefumula, i-lymph node yomlomo wesibeletho nesikhumba ziwela ngaphansi komthelela. Isakazeka ngendlela ye-air-drop, ephelezelwa ukushisa okuphezulu nokukhwabanisa isikhumba.
3. Ama-Mumps. Ipheshana lokuphefumula liyathinteka, ezimweni ezingavamile, izicathulo zithintekayo emadodeni.
4. I-yellow fever. Iphuza isibindi nemithambo yegazi.
5. Izisulu. Ingozi ezinganeni, ithinta amathumbu, umuthi wokuphefumula kanye nesikhumba.
6. Laryngitis . Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemuva kweminye izinkinga.
7. I-Poliomyelitis. Ingena emgodleni wegazi ngokusebenzisa amathumbu nokuphefumula, lapho ubuchopho bubhekene nokukhubazeka.
8. Angina. Kunezinhlobo eziningana, ezibhekene nezinyosi, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubuhlungu obukhulu bomphimbo kanye nezinhlanzi.
9. I-hepatitis. Noma yiziphi izimbangela ezibangela isikhumba esiphuzi, ukunyamala komchamo nokungabalabala kwesitokisi, okubonisa ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi eminingana yomzimba.
10. I-Typhus. Ejwayelekile ezweni lanamuhla, lithinta uhlelo lokujikeleza, lungabangela i-thrombosis.
11. I-Syphilis. Ngemuva kwesilonda sezitho zangasese, i-pathogen ijoyina amalunga namehlo, iqhubekela phambili. Isikhathi eside asikho izimpawu, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi kubalulekile.
12. Encephalitis. Ubuchopho bonakalisiwe, ukwelashwa akukwazi ukuqinisekiswa, ingozi yokufa iphezulu.

Ama-virusi ayingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni

Uhlu lwamagciwane abonisa ingozi enkulu emzimbeni wethu:

1. I-Hantavirus. I-agent ye-causative isakazwa kusuka kumagundane, ibangele amaphuphu ahlukahlukene, okufa okuphakathi kuka-12 kuya ku-36%.
2. Umkhuhlane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagciwane anesifo esiyingozi kakhulu awaziwayo kusukela ezindabeni, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zingabangela ubhubhane, okwamanje isisindo esinamandla sithinta abantwana asebekhulile nabancane.
3. UMarburg. Ivuliwe engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, iyimbangela yokushisa komkhuhlane. Idluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni nakubantu abathintekayo.
4. I-Rotavirus . Yimbangela yokuhuda, ukwelashwa kulula, kodwa emazweni angathuthuki, izingane ezingu-450 000 ziyafa minyaka yonke.
5. Ebola. Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2015, ukufa kwezingu-42%, kudluliselwa ngokuxhumana neziphuzo zomuntu onegciwane. Izimpawu ziyi: ukwanda okubalulekile kokushisa, ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu emisipha nasemqaleni, ukuqhuma, ukuhuda, ukuhlanza, ukuphuma kwegazi.
6. I-Dengue . Ukufa kulinganiselwa ku-50%, okubhekene nokudakwa, ukuqhuma, ukushisa, ukubandakanya i-lymph node. Isakazwa e-Asia, e-Oceania nase-Afrika.
7. Isikhumba. Kuyaziwa isikhathi eside, kuyingozi kubantu kuphela. Efaniswa nokushona, ukushisa okukhulu, ukuhlanza nokukhanda ikhanda. Icala lokugcina lokutheleleka kwenzeka ngo-1977.
8. AmaRabi. Idluliselwa ezilwaneni ezifudumele, lithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa. Emva kokuvela kwezimpawu, impumelelo yokwelashwa ayinakwenzeka.
9. Ukulahleka. I-agent ye causative ithathwa ngamagundane, okokuqala athola ngo-1969 eNigeria. Izinso ezithintekile, isimiso sezinzwa, ziqala i-myocarditis ne-hemorrhagic syndrome. Ukwelashwa kunzima, umkhuhlane uthatha abantu abangaba ngu-5 000 ngonyaka.
10. I-HIV. Kudluliselwa ngokuxhumana nocingo lomuntu onegciwane. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kunethuba lokuphila iminyaka engu-9-11, ukubunzima kwalo kuwukushintshashintsha okuqhubekayo kwezinkinga ezibulala amangqamuzana.

Ukulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwalolu daba kubangelwa ushintsho oluqhubekayo lwezinambuzane eziyaziwayo ezenza ukwelashwa okuvamile kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kungasebenzi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukucinga izidakamizwa ezintsha, kodwa esikhungweni samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwemithi, izinyathelo eziningi zenziwa ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwesibungqungquthela. Izindlela ezilandelayo zamukelwe:

• i-etiotropic - ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-pathogen;
• ukuhlinzwa;
• i-immunomodulating.

Ama-antibiotics okutheleleka ngegciwane

Esikhathini sesifo, ukuzivikela njalo kucindezelekile, ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukuqiniswa ukubulala i-pathogen. Kwezinye izimo, uma kwenzeka isifo segciwane, ama-antibiotic anqunywe ngaphezu kwalokho. Kuyadingeka, uma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kujoyina, okubulawa kuphela ngale ndlela. Ngenkinga yokugula ehlanzekile, ukuthatha lezi zidakamizwa ngeke kulethele kuphela isimo.

Ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

1. Ukugoma kusebenza ngokumelene ne-pathogen ethile.
2. Ukuqinisa imishanguzo - ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwegciwane ngale ndlela kusho ukuqina, ukudla okunempilo, ukusekelwa ngamaqabunga ezitshalo.
3. Ukuqapha - ukukhipha othintana nabantu abagulayo, ukukhishwa ngokocansi olungavinjelwe.