Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zokhula . Ukhula luyancintisana nezitshalo zezitshalo emzabalazweni wokukhanya, umswakama kanye nezakhi ezibalulekile, okwenza umonakalo ekukhiqizeni isivuno. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho izitshalo nezithelo zikhule khona, kubalulekile ukulwa nokhula. Ziyizi: ngonyaka, ezikhulayo ezivela enzalweni (iningi labo) futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, zikwazi ukukhiqiza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile njalo ngonyaka.
Indlela yokuqala kanye neyaziwa kakhulu yokulawulwa kokhula - ukulimala akunikezi isiqinisekiso esiyikhulu samaphesenti wokuwaqeda, ngoba ukhula olungapheli lungakhula ngisho nasezingxenyeni ezincane zempande ehlala emhlabathini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusilalisa kuyinkqubo enzima kakhulu hhayi bonke abalimi abakwaziyo. Kodwa maduzane nje, ukwenziwa kwemithi yokwelashwa kwaqalwa ukuze kusize ukulwa nokhula, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa phezulu kwamagqabi neziqu, bese kancane kancane ethathwa yisitshalo sonke.
Yiqiniso, ukubulala udoti kuyinto enhle, ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, kudinga ukusetshenziselwa kahle. Yingakho sicabangela kulesi sihloko izinhlobo eziyinhloko nemithetho yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ekubhujisweni kokhula.
Izinhlobo zomuthi wokubulala ukhula kusuka kunokhula
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo engama-240 yokulawulwa ukhula (i-herbicides) inikezwa kubathengi, futhi uhla lwayo luyashintsha njalo: kusukela kokudla okunobuthi obukhulu futhi obungafaneleki, okumele busetshenziswe emazingeni amaningi, kuthathwe indawo yezemvelo, engabizi futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu amazinga aphansi okusetshenziswa.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali we-herbicide kuhlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- i-inorganic;
- eziphilayo (eziningi zazo).
Indlela esithinta ngayo ukhula yilezi:
- isenzo sokukhetha - ukubhubhisa amaqembu athile kokhula: ukhula, i-lontrel-300 noma i-lontrel-300D, i-lapis lazuli;
- okuqhubekayo (jikelele), ukubhubhisa zonke izitshalo: i-sniper, isiphepho esinamandla, i-roundup, i-glyphos, umhlabathi, isiphepho, i-reglon, i-arsenal, i-basta.
Kukhona futhi umquba omuncu nge-addition of herbicides (dicamba), okunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe emanqeni kusuka kumkhula nokhula.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokusetshenziswa kokubulala ukhula ngokumelene nokhula
Ukuze ukhathalele ukhula njengama-herbicide njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu, kufanele kwenziwe ngokucabangela lemithetho elandelayo:
- cabangela uhlobo lokhula, isitshalo esitshalwe, isikhathi kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokulashwa;
- Kungenzeka ukuthi akusebenzi wonke amalungiselelo akhiqizwa ezindaweni ezithandwayo;
- lapho ukhetha ukwelashwa, qaphela into esebenzayo, ngoba amalungiselelo amaningi anokwakhiwa okufanayo anegama elihlukile;
- sebenzisa esiteshini somuntu siqu, kuphela ngokuvumelana nemigomo yokusetshenziswa echaziwe emithethweni yalolu ukhula;
- ukucubungula kungenziwa entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla;
- ngoba umphumela omuhle emhlabathini kufanele ube ngumswakama okwanele, kodwa isitshalo kufanele singabi manzi emvula noma amazolo;
- kungcono ukucubungula lapho ukhula lukhula futhi lukhula ngokushesha;
- Ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa uma izinga lokushisa ebusuku liphansi kwezingu-6 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lomusi libhekwa libe ngaphezu kuka-25 ° C;
- Ungasebenzisi i-herbicide uma isivuno sinakele kakhulu;
- Ungasebenzisi i-herbicide efanayo, kuphumelela kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukusabalalisa kwe-herbicide (ukushintshwa kohlobo lwe-herbicide);
- Sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela ekuhlungeni i-herbicide dilution.
Ngenxa yokuthi izidakamizwa zingabhubhisa wonke ukhula noma izitshalo ezithile kuphela, zingasetshenziselwa ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwale nokhula, kodwa futhi zizosetshenziselwa ukuhlanza utshani nokucubungula izitshalo emva kokuvela, ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo zezitshalo. Kodwa namanje yizinto ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke uma uphatha ukhula ngamakhemikhali, uhambelane nezinyathelo zokuphepha zomuntu siqu.