Isifo sika-Parkinson - ukubuka kanjani ukubonakaliswa kokuqala nokuthi yini ongayilindela?

Ulwazi mayelana nokukhubazeka okuthuthumela noma isifo sikaParkinson, esasichazwa okokuqala ngo-1817, savela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuqashelwa ngokomthetho. Lesi sifo, esaziwa ngabaningi ngesimo sokuxoshwa kwamalungu, sithinta abantu abaneminyaka yobudala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka kubantu abasha.

Isifo sikaParkinson - izimbangela

Ososayensi banamuhla emhlabeni wonke bazama ukuthola izimbangela eziqondile futhi bathole ithuba lokuvimbela isifo sikaParkinson, izimbangela zazo ezingaqondakali futhi ezihlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zazo ezivame kakhulu kubo:

• izinguquko ze-atherosclerotic ezitsheni, kanye nezinye izinguquko zesisindo;
• ingxabano (ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe) nezinye izenzakalo ezibuhlungu ezithinta ubuchopho;
• i-encephalitis, i- meningitis nezinye izifo ezivuvukala zobuchopho;
• ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ze-neurons zobuchopho;
• ifa kusuka ezihlotsheni eziseduze nezide;
• imiphumela enobuthi emzimbeni womuntu wama-toxic agents;
• ukuntuleka okukhulu kwevithamini D emzimbeni, okuvame ukubonakala eminyakeni yobudala.

Izigaba zezifo zikaPasinson

Ukuthuthumela kwezandla nokukhubazeka kancane kancane, okuthiwa yi-Parkinson's disease, okuphawulekayo kokufa kwendaba emnyama yobuchopho, kunezigaba zayo zokuthuthukiswa. Ngokuvamile, kunezintathu:

1. Isifo sokuqala sePasinsinson , lapho ukulimala kwengqondo kungabalulekile futhi izimpawu ezinjalo ezikude njengezithundu zezandla ziyabonakala. Lesi sigaba sinamandla okulungisa.
2. Isigaba esilandelayo sesifo singasalungiswa kancane nge-levodopa amalungiselelo kanye ne-dopamine receptor antagonists; izimpawu zalesi sigaba sezivele zichazwe ngokucacile, azikwazi ukudideka nesinye isifo.
3. Isigaba sekwephuzile sesifo sikaParkinson sibonakala ukungabi nokusebenza okuphelele kokuhamba kwazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, ukwehla okubukhali emphakathini wezokwelapha.

Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa, izigaba zesifo zichazwe ku-Hy-Yar, ezaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1967, futhi kamuva zafakwa njalo. Isifo sikaParkinson yizigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Zero , lapho umuntu ephilile ngokuphelele.
2. Okokuqala noma okuqala. Kubonakala izinguquko ezincane ngesandla esisodwa kuphela, ngezinye izikhathi ezihambisana nokuphula iphunga, isimo sengqondo esibi, izinkinga zokulala.
3. Ingxenye noma isigaba esiphakathi ukuthuthumela kwesandla esisodwa nezinkinga ngengxenye eyodwa ye-trunk (kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele). Ebusuku, ukuzamazama kuyanyamalala ngokuphelele. Kunezinkinga zokubhala ngesandla - izinhlamvu zibe ezincane. Izinyathelo azihambanga kakhulu, kukhona ubuhlungu ehlane elingenhla, entanyeni.
4. Isigaba sesibili. Ukuphulwa kwemibono sekuvele kubonakale kuzo zombili izingxenye ze-trunk kanye nemikhawulo. Izenzo ezisemqoka kakhulu zokuzibophezela ziba buthaka, kodwa lowo muntu usabhekene nayo. Kungase kube nokuthuthumela kolimi, umhlathi omncane, obangela ukudonsa okungahambi kahle. Ukushaywa phansi kwezinguquko - isikhumba sibe semvula kakhulu noma ngokuphambene - somile.
5. Isiteji sesithathu sisebenza ngamandla ekunakekeleni izihlobo kwisiguli. Umuntu uhamba ezinyathelweni ezincane "ze-puppy", ngokufana nokulungisa kabusha izinyawo. Ingemuva i-bent-bent, ikhanda liyancipha, amadolo asesimweni esiphezulu. Isiguli ngesikhathi esisodwa sizwa ukulwa emisipha ngenxa yokungakwazi ukulawula nokuphumula. Inhloko ihamba ngokuqondisa-phansi-phansi noma kwesokudla kwesokunxele. Amajoyina awahambisani kahle, kodwa asebenze, njengendlela yokwenza gear - jerks. Lo muntu udidekile enkulumweni ephendukayo, kunzima kuye ukuba agxile ukunakwa.
6. Isigaba sesine sibonakala ngokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo, okuba yinto engacacile, engezansi. Umuntu otholakala enesifo sikaParkinson akasakwazi ukuzisebenzela - agqoke, aphume embhedeni, alungise ukudla. Kunzima kakhulu ukulondoloza ukulinganisela, ukuwa njalo, kufaka phakathi ebusuku kusukela embhedeni.
7. Isigaba sesihlanu (sokugcina). Phakathi naso umuntu usevele encike ngokuphelele kwabanye. Akazondli yena ngokwakhe, udliwe nge-spoon ekhethekile. Isiguli singahamba kuphela esihlalweni sabakhubazekile ngoba akakwazi ukuhlala futhi ahlale yedwa. Inkulumo isuke ingekho illegible, kukhona ukuwohloka komqondo okuncane. Kule nkathi, iziguli zingakwazi ukuqeda impilo yazo.

Izinhlobo zezifo zikaPasinson

Lesi sifo asihambanga kakhulu, sishintsha amafomu awo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ukuxilongwa okukodwa kwenziwa ekuqaleni, emva kwesikhashana kungashintshwa. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zesifo:

• I-jittery eqinile ibonakala emaqenjini angaphezu kwezingu-20 uma ukuhlukumeza komzimba kuhlonishwa ngesikhathi esifanayo;
• ukuthuthumela-okuqinile kuyisici seziguli ezingama-40%, lapho ukuzamazama kugcinwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza futhi akuyona isici sokuphumula kombuso;
• Isifo sika-Parkinson, uhlobo olune-akinetic-rigid oluvame ukutholakala (ku-35-50% yezifo) lubonakala ukungabikho kokuthuthumela kwamalungu;
• i-akinetic iyinto engavamile futhi ayikho ukunyakaza okuxhumene, okungazibandakanyi;
• ukuzwakalisa ukungazwakali kweziguli eziningi futhi kwenzeka kuphela kuma-7% amacala; nalokhu akukho ukuqina, kodwa kukhona ukuzamazama okukhulu;
• eqinile - lokhu ukuqina komzimba wonke umzimba, ukulinganiselwa komsebenzi wemoto.

Isifo sikaParkinson - izimpawu

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson aziveli ngokushesha, kodwa zanda kancane kancane. Esikhathini sokuqala bangashadile futhi kaningi bengacatshangwa, ngoba badideka kalula nge-malaise jikelele, ngokushintshwa okuhlobene nobudala. Abantu abangafundile bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthumela noma ukuthuthumela kwezandla kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko salesi sifo. Eqinisweni, lokhu akulona kanjalo, futhi isifo se-symptomatology siningi. Ngako-ke, ekusola kokuqala kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhulume nongcweti oqeqeshiwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufaka ukuxilongwa okulungile.

Isifo sika-Parkinson - izibonakaliso zokuqala

Uma kungazelelwe umuntu unomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle naye, umuntu kufanele aqhathanise isimo sakhe nezinsimbi ezikhathazayo lapho izimpawu zikaParkinson nezibonakaliso, ezikude, zingadalwa ngemithi yanamuhla. Ukuphutha okunjalo kuhlanganisa:

• ukukhathala kanye ne-malaise;
• ukucindezeleka nokucasula;
• indawo engalingani, engazinzile;
• izinkinga ngokushintsha isikhundla somzimba (ukuphakama esihlalweni, esihlalweni);
• ukuthuthumela ngesandla;
• ushintsho lwezwi (nasal).

Isifo sikaParkinson esencane

Ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezimbi noma ukugula kwesifo sika-Parkinson ezincane (iminyaka engu-20-40) kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo nakwabasebekhulile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqala kwalesi sifo akubonakali ngokuthuthumela nokuqina. Kule minyaka kudala ukucindezeleka ukucindezeleka, izinguquko zemizwelo, izinkinga ngenkumbulo nokugxila. Kunzima kakhulu ukusebenza ngezindlela eziqondile futhi ngekhanda ulwazi oluningi. Lokhu kuvame ukubhalwa njengokukhathala.

Isifo sikaParkinson yisifo kubantu asebekhulile

Kukholelwa ukuthi isifo sikaParkinson yisifo sabasebekhulile. Lephutha alilungile, nakuba esegugile lesi sifo senzeke eningi lamacala. Kubantu abaningi abaye bawela umgwaqo eminyakeni engama-50, ukwesaba kwalesi sifo kuyanda nsuku zonke. Isici esiyinhloko esingathinta ukuqala kwalesi sifo siyisimo sokufa, okubikezela ukuthi ukukhubazeka ngamacala angu-20% ngenxa yesifo sikaParkinson. Kulesi simo, kanye nokwelapha izidakamizwa, ukwelashwa kwabantu ngesifo sikaPasinson sisetshenziswa.

Isifo sikaParkinson - bangaki abahlala nabo?

Ukuxilongwa okuphazamisayo isifo sikaParkinson, okulindeleke ukuba kube khona isikhathi sokuphila esilingana ngqo nesilinganiso sokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, esabisa bonke abagulayo. Ukufa ngaphandle kwendaba emnyama yobuchopho kungase kube esisheshayo, noma evilaphayo. Kuxhomeke kwizimbangela zesifo, ekulashweni okufika ngesikhathi, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kunzima ukubikezela. Odokotela banikeza isiguli isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sibalo sisukela eminyakeni engu-7 kuya kwengu-15. Okunye okulindeleke ukuba kube khona isikhathi sokuphila kuncike ekuguleni kwesiguli.

Isifo sikaParkinson - ukuxilongwa

Akunakwenzeka njalo ukuhlola kahle isifo sikaParkinson emzamweni wokuqala. Ngenxa yezibonakaliso eziphazamisayo, isikhathi esiyigugu sivame ukungabikho futhi izibonakaliso zesibili zalesi sifo zikhula. Ngemuva kokusola kwesifo, udokotela uhlola ngokucophelela i-anamnesis yesiguli futhi ngesisekelo senza iziphetho, ambeka umuntu kwi-akhawunti yezinsuku. Lapha izifo ezinjalo zesifo sikaParkinson kufanele zixwayise isiguli esilandelwayo nezihlobo zakhe:

• ukubambezeleka kwe-amplitude yokunyakaza (hypokinesia);
• ukuthuthumela ngokuphumula, ukuhlukunyezwa kwesisipha (ukuqina).

Indlela yokuphatha isifo sikaParkinson

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaParkinson sekude futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kuncike ekuguleni kwesiguli, isigaba sesifo, isimo sakhe sengqondo nezinye izinto. Izinkimbinkimbi zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• i-physiotherapy;
• ukwamukela izidakamizwa;
• sebenzisa i-therapy;
• i-psychotherapy;
• imithi yemithi.

Isifo sikaParkinson - izidakamizwa

Isifo sikaParkinson, ukwelashwa ekhaya okudinga ukuqokwa kwezidakamizwa ezinqunywe ngokwemigomo yesifo. Uhlu luhlanganisa:

• I-Midantan;
• Ukuhlukumeza;
• I-Cyclodol;
• Amantadine;
• Isibungu;
• I-Pyridoxine;
• I-Bromocriptine;
• Levodopa.

Isifo sikaParkinson - izikhambi zabantu

Ngaphezu kwemithi, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaParkinson namayeza omuntu wamukelwa ngisho nemithi yokwelapha. Amalungiselelo emifino avuselela isimiso sezinzwa, asize ekunciphiseni i-muscle ithoni nokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Iziguli ziphuza njengama-infusion nemithi yokwelashwa, futhi uthathe ama-herbal baths. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa:

• i-oats;
• i-ruta;
• i-thyme;
• i-garlic;
• ilamula lemon;
• i-thyme;
• i-peony;
• i-motherwort;
• i-oregano;
• i-chamomile;
• Wort St. John's wort;
• isihlahla somkhiqizo;
• i-portolac;
• inhloko-nyoka;
• i-lavender;
• i-hemlock;
• sage.

Isifo sikaParkinson - esisha ekwelapheni

Naphezu kokuthi imithi yanamuhla iye yasungulwa, phakathi kwaso i-Levodopa ehola, ososayensi bafuna into entsha ekuphatheni isifo sikaParkinson. Ukuphumelela okunjalo kwezokwelapha kwakuwukutholakala kokwelapha okuhlinzekwa kwe-parkinsonism. Ngosizo lokuhlinzeka ebuchosheni kungasusa izimpawu zokuthuthumela, ukuqina, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo nokulondoloza isikhathi eside, ukunqoba isifo esingahambi kahle seParkinson.