Lapho izitshalo zemifino zingena esigabeni sokukhula okunamandla, kunengozi yokuwa noma ukwephula isitshalo ngaphansi kwesisindo samagqabi noma izithelo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungamathelisa kanjani utamatisi ebamba lokushisa, iseluleko sabachwepheshe ekukhethweni kwamadivaysi okulungisa kanye nezindlela zokusekela kuzosiza ukuqoqa ngokugcwele ngisho nokuvuna okucebile kakhulu.
Ngidinga ukubopha utamatisi?
Ngokuhlanganisa iziqu zezamatamatisi ekusekeleni okuzinzile, isidingo asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nezici ze-hybrid ezingavumelani nokufakwa kwezinsika ezixhasayo. Isibonelo, i-garter ye-utamatisi efubeni lokushisa, uma lingamamaki ngokukhula okulinganiselwe, akusizi ngalutho. Utamatisi olunjalo lukhula lufike ku-40-50 cm ukuphakama futhi lube nesimiso esiqinile esingapheli. Isizathu sezizathu zokuthi kungani utamatisi udinga ukuhlanganiswa okubandakanya:
- Ukwehla kwe stem stem. Izinhlobo ze-Ampel ziyakwazi ukusabalalisa, ngoba yiziphi amaqabunga nezimbali ezihlangana njalo nomhlabathi onomanzi. Ukumisa inqubo yokubopha nokutheleleka ama-peduncles, isiqu sinamathele emgqeni oqondile noma ngentambo elulele.
- Isivuno esincane. Njengokuba kungeke kube nesifiso sokugcina isikhathi, ukubopha utamatisi emazindeni abamba ukushisa ngisho nangenxa yefruiting eningi. Uma kungenjalo, izimila ezisebenzayo zamahlumela okusabalalisa, ezithinta ubukhulu bezithelo zamatamatisi, zizoqala.
- Ukunqunywa. Amandla okukhula angenamkhawulo ayikwazi ukulawulwa nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. I-garter yenziwa ukuze izinhlobonhlobo ezinokukhula kwe-2-2.5 m zingangeni ku-3-4 m.
Ngifanele nini ukubopha utamatisi?
Isikhathi esihle sokunikeza isiqondiso sokukhula kwetamatisi sinqunywa ngokusekelwe kokuhlukahluka okuhlwanyelwe. I-garter elungile ematheni abamba ukushisa abheka ukuthi okungenani amaqabunga angama-8-10 asevele evele esihlahleni, kanti ubukhulu bezingxenye ezingezansi ze-stem kufinyelela okungenani u-1 cm. Amagama alandelayo kulokhu kuqhuma ayahluka:
- Usuku lwama-35-40 ngezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala;
- Izinsuku ezingu-50-60 zezinhlobo ezivuthiwe;
- Izinsuku ezingu-70-80 zezinhlobo zokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni.
Izinketho for utamatisi garter
Ukugxila ku-garter kwenziwa ngenye yezinkambiso eziningi ezikhona. Ungakhetha okukodwa, ucabange izinto ezifana nendawo yensimu, inamba yezitshalo emgqeni ngamunye kanye nobubanzi bezihlahla. Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokugqoka utamatisi zize kuhlu:
- Ukuzibophezela ku-cone noma i-prism. Lapho utamatisi etshalwe ngendlela eyisigungwini, ifreyimu efakwe phakathi nendawo yezintambo kanye nezitshalo ezine-4-5 zigcinwe kuso ngesikhathi esifanayo.
- I-trellis ene-Horizontal. Le ndlela inhle kubaqaphi, ngoba ivumela ukulawula ukukhula kwetamatisi njengoba iqala.
- I-trellis ecacile. Izincomo zamasimu mayelana nombuzo wokubopha utamatisi esitheni sokushisa, vumela ukuthi izinduku eziqondile noma izintambo zidinga izindleko ezingaphansi kwezimali futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithemba kakhulu.
I-garter yamatamatisi amade ku-greenhouse
Isiqu esiyinhloko samatamatisi angakapheli sinamandla kangangokuthi uhlelo lwempande oluyidlayo ludinga indawo eningi kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu njalo. Izinhlobo ezide zihlala isikhathi eside kunezithelo lapho ziphuza ngaphansi komsuka, ngakho-ke izinsimbi zokugqoka azifanele ziphazamise imilenze, ngaphandle kwalokho izintambo noma izintambo zezintambo zizoqala ukubola lapho kuxhumana namanzi. Inqubo yokwethula indlela yokubopha utamatisi kahle ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana:
- Ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi ukuyigcwalisa nge-oksijeni nokwenza ngcono i-ramming yama-rails noma izinduku.
- Ukufakwa emaphethelweni embhedeni wamagxolo ku-2.5-3 m ukuphakama.
- Namathisela izintambo ezigxotsheni bese ubopha izitshalo zika utamatisi kuzo.
- Ukwengeza izintambo ezintsha njengoba kuhluma utamatisi.
I-garter yamatamatisi aphakathi nendawo okushisa
Izinhlobo ezinokukhula okusheshayo nokukhuphukayo azizithobeki, ngokungafani nabalingana obuphakathi nendawo yokuphakama kwe-main main kuze kufike ku-1 m. Utamatisi wokuphakama okuphakathi kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, ukwakheka kanye ne-garter ehlathini. Isinqumo sokubopha utamatisi kufanele sicabange ngalezi zici zokutshala utamatisi. Uhlelo olulodwa kuphela oluhle kulolu cala luyizintambo ezibekwe phezulu, eyala amahlumela asetshenziselwa isitshalo.
Igajethi yegajethi
Imiklamo yokulungisa utamatisi ifaka, njengombuso, yenziwa ngokuzimela. Ezitolo zokugcina izitsha zensimu, ungathola izingxenye zawo, ezenziwe ngensimbi ephakeme, izinkuni, insimbi elula. Idivayisi yokugubha utamatisi ebamba lokushisa ingaba nezici ezilandelayo:
- i-twine;
- indophi eyenziwe nge-polyester;
- izingubo zokugqoka ezenziwe ngokhuni noma epulasitiki;
- izindandatho zokuthola trellis ebonakalayo;
- izinduku zensimbi.
Twine for tomato utamatisi
I-twine isetshenziselwa ukunamathisela imivini ye-ampel noma utamatisi ongenakunyakaziswa kuya kwi-trellis ecacile noma i-wire mesh. Ukuze ungaba nezikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngonyaka ukunquma ukuthi ubopha kanjani utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa nge-twine, uma idiliza noma iphule, kubalulekile ukukhetha intambo yekhanda noma ikotini. I-polypropylene twine iyaphuka ibe yizicucu, futhi intambo yelineni igxila emvuleni, okubangela ukuba isihlahla sikotamatisi siwele emhlabathini. I-garter yenziwa ngekhanda elilodwa futhi nesimo sokulungiswa mahhala kwesiqu, ukuze kungaphazanyiswa ukuhamba kwamajusi ukushiya utamatisi ovuthiwe.
I-loop yokugubha utamatisi
Amaqebelengwane aphuzi ama-utamatisi nawo ahlanganiswe ne-trellis eqondile noma imigwaqo enezingqimba ngaphansi kokushayela kwe-greenhouse. Ezinye izindlela zokugubha utamatisi zingalimaza isitshalo, kuyilapho i-loop esithambile isitshalo esiyinhloko sitshalo likhululekile. Indlela yokuhlanganisa i-loop ihlanganisa izigaba ezinjalo:
- Ukusika i-twine zibe yizicucu ezingu-70-100 cm.
- Ababili bemi eduze kwesiqu sezotamatisi bahlanganiswa ne-loop eyodwa ngokulindela ukuthi ubude bomkhawulo wezintambo behluke kakhulu emikhawulweni ehlukene.
- Ukuphela okuncane kwe-twine kuguqulwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo se-loop.
- Umphetho we-twine unxeba endaweni ye-loop, iqinisa ifindo.
Clothespins for tomate utamatisi
Abavikeli emithonjeni noma amabhande wezinsimbi kuthiwa kufanelekile kubaqalayo. Zonke ezinye izindlela zamatamatisi e-garter zidinga okungenani amanye amathuluzi namasimu. Ngosizo lwe-clothespins, iziqu zika utamatisi zingabanjelwa cishe kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama:
- ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwe-greenhouse;
- ilenga ephahleni;
- imiphetho enezingqimba;
- ezungezile, izitshalo ezingavumi kakhulu.
Amathanga amathanga for utamatisi
Ngokungazi lutho, abalimi beloli bazama ukufaka izinkuni zokhuni ukuze basekele iziqu. Ukwehluleka kwabo kubhekwa njengokukhanya, ngenxa yokuthi bangabeka, bengakwazi ukuthwala isisindo sezitshalo nezindwangu zomoya. Muva nje, ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngokuphindaphindiwe, kuboniswe umbono wokuthi ungamathelisa kanjani utamatisi ku-greenhouse ukwandisa ukuthembeka kobuklamo, ukuphika ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise ngisho neziqu zokhuni ngenxa yalokhu, ngenxa yokukwazi ukulimaza izimpande zotamatisi. Izinduku zensimbi zokufakwa ensimini zihambisana nemithetho ethile:
- Ukusika imigoqo nokuqothula "ama-hangna" emaphethelweni, ikakhulukazi uma idivaysi ngesimo se-cone yenziwe ngezikhala.
- Ukulungiselela isisekelo sokufakwa kwezinduku. Uma inhlabathi ikhululekile kakhulu, idinga ukuhlanganiswa ngezandla noma ihlanganiswe ne-loam esindayo.
- Ukukhetha ukujula kokugqoka kwesakhiwo sokugqoka emhlabathini. Njengokuba kungenakufisa ukubopha utamatisi ku-hothouse ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuthi kungcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba okungenani u-30-40 sm wezinduku.