Ukusabalalisa kwe-oncoprocess esithombeni yisinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu ezithombeni zomchamo. Umdlavuza wesibeletho ebusweni obuthakathaka kaningi izikhathi ezingavamile kunezinga eliqinile. Lesi sifo sibonakala kubantu abaneminyaka ekhulile futhi ekhulile - kusukela eminyakeni engu-50 kuya kweyengu-80.
Isizathu salesi sifo esiyingozi kungenxa yezizathu eziningi ezivusa futhi ziphuthumise ngokuphawulekayo i-carcinogenesis (ukwakheka, ukwehlukaniswa nokuphulwa kokuhlukaniswa kwama-oncocells) emzimbeni wesiguli. Ukungabi nalesi sifo esibulalayo ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kokuqala komdlavuza wesisu kubonakala kakade ezinyathelweni zamuva, lapho inqubo ihamba kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sizozama ukunakekelwa izimbangela, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelapha izici zomdlavuza wesisu.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - imbangela
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, kunezici eziningana ze-carcinogenic eziyaziwa ukuthi zivusa inqubo yokwakheka nokuhlukaniswa kwama-oncocells esithombeni. Lokhu kufaka:
- sebenzisa izimboni ezilimazayo (sebenzisa idayi le-aniline kanye nezingxenye zayo, upende kanye ne-varnish, isikhumba lesikhumba kanye ne-rubber);
- ukubhema;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezine-carcinogenic effect (cyclophosphamide);
- ukuvuvuka njalo kwesimbatho sangaphakathi sesisu (cystitis).
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesibeletho
Ngokuvamile, iziguli zifuna usizo kudokotela lapho ziqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu esiswini esingaphansi. Isiguli isikhathi eside singayinaki izimpawu ezinjengokuthi: ukuvuthwa okuvamile , ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokugcoba kwesisu, ukuzwa ukuthi awukhiphi ngokuphelele isisu emva kokuchama. Isiguli kufanele siqaphele ukudonsa umchamo ngegazi, ngisho nangabe kungekho ubuhlungu.
Kusukela ekufundeni kwemitholampilo kanye nelabhoratori, ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele kubaluleke kakhulu, okukuvumela ukuba ubone ama-erthrocyte emcintini (angaba kuwo ngisho noma umchamo ungavuli).
Kwezinye izindlela zokwenza uphenyo, i-ultrasound (ivumela umuntu ukuthi abone umonakalo emzimbeni wesisu, kodwa angaboni umonakalo entanyeni) kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-Cystoscopy - lapho isikhumba sishaywa khona nge-tube optical futhi ihlola izindonga zesisu. Ngenkathi yenqubo, i-biopsy yezindawo ezisolisayo zodonga lwesinye isithathwa, kulandelwa ukutadisha kwe-histology yabo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-X kanye nokwethulwa kokungafani kwamanzi emgodini wesibindi kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuma nobukhulu besisu.
Izigaba zomdlavuza wesibeletho
Ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isigaba esikulesi sifo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba amaqhinga okwelashwa ancike kulokhu. Izigaba ezilandelayo zesisindo zihlukaniswa:
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho 0 (umonakalo we-mucosal embranini ye-basal) isigaba ngokutholakala kokuqala kanye nokwelapha okushiwo ngesikhathi kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamacala angu-100%;
- nomdlavuza wesinye isigaba 1, isisu sikhula sibe udongeni lwesisindo, kodwa ubukhulu besisu buyingcosana;
- umdlavuza wesinye isigaba sesibili ubonakala ngesisindo esinomsoco esikhulu kanye nokuhluma kwe-metastases eziningana ze-lymph nodes;
- ezinyathelweni ezintathu zenqubo embi, isisu sikhula zibe izitho eziseduze;
- umdlavuza wesibindi wesigaba sesi-4 ubonakala ngokuba khona kwama-metastase amaningi ezigwini ezikude.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - ukwelashwa
Lapho ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba esiyingozi, izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokuzimela (chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe) zihlukile. Enye indlela yokwelapha isetshenziselwa kakhulu (uma isiguli sesiphelile futhi sinamandla), inhlanganisela yezindlela eziningana ivame ukusetshenziswa.
Ngakho-ke, sibheke isimo esinjalo esesabekayo nesesongelayo njengomdlavuza wesisu. Ukunciphisa ingozi yalesi sifo kufanele kugweme ukusebenza embonini eyingozi, ukuyeka imikhuba emibi futhi, uma kungenzeka, ukuvimbela i-cystitis.