Abesifazane abaningi abasha, abafisa ukuvimbela izinkinga zenqubo yokubeletha ingane, baqale ukulungiselela kusengaphambili kuye. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe i-algorithm yokulungiselela, sizoyithola: yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zinikezwe uma uhlela ukukhulelwa.
Ingabe kuyadingeka ukuba uhlolwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa?
Lapho ebuzwa ngamama angase abe khona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthatha izivivinyo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, odokotela basabela ekuqinisweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bahola ngokweziphakamiso ezinzima: Ucwaningo lwama-laboratory lusiza ukuthola izinqubo ezifihlakeleyo ezingasenayo izimpawu. Phakathi nokuqeqeshwa, odokotela baxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, ukutheleleka ngokocansi okungathinta inqubo yokukhulelwa, ukulethwa, noma impilo yengane.
Ukuvivinywa okuphoqelekile uma uhlela ukukhulelwa
Ngaphambi kokukhulelwe, cishe ingxenye yonyaka, kunconywa owesifazane ukuvakashela isikhungo sezokwelapha. Emva kokuhlolwa okuphelele nokudlula ngezifundo ze-hardware, udokotela uzokwabela uhlu lokuhlolwa okumele luhanjiswe. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezifundo zokuxilonga zingabonakala lezo ezisetshenziswe kaningi kunezinye:
- ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele;
- i-biochemistry yegazi ;
- ukuzimisela kweqembu legazi ne-Rh factor ;
- Ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka: isibindi, isibindi, i-HIV;
- ucwaninga nge- TORCH-infection : rubella, i-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus, i-herpes virus.
Ukuhlela ukukhulelwa - ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane namadoda
Ukukhulelwa, ukubekezela nokubeletha ingane enempilo, ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa kanye nokuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe yibo bobabili bomshado. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa kudinga ukutholakala okugcwele kokuphulwa okwamanje, ukuqedwa kwabo okuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yezici ze-physiology yezocansi, ukuhlaziya umama wesikhathi esizayo kuyahlukahluka kulokho okumele kudingeke ubaba ozayo.
Ucubungula uma uhlela ukukhulelwa - uhlu lwabesifazane
Udokotela wesikhungo sezokwelapha noma ukubonisana kwabesifazane kuzisa lona wesifazane ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okumele zinikezwe ngesikhathi kuhlela ukukhulelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlu lwezifundo eziphoqelelwe esigabeni sokulungiselela lubheka izikhungo eziningi zezokwelapha. Ukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zithathe uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, odokotela bayabiza:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezinga lokushukela - ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela noma ukuxilongwa kuso.
- I-Coagulogram - isetha izinga lokugaya igazi ukuze kuqedwe ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-smear e-flora - kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe isimo se-microflora yesifazane.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kusuka entanyeni - kwembula izifo: i- mycoplasmosis , i-chlamydia, i-herpes, i-ureaplasmosis.
Njengoba izifundo ezengeziwe, lapho kukhona khona izinkomba ezihlukene, okulandelayo kungamiswa:
- Igazi lamahomoni - livame ukwenziwa kubesifazane abanomjikelezo ongavamile, isisindo esinqunyiwe noma esincane, ngokusola kokungabikho.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwama-antibodies ku-phospholipids - kwembula isifo esithintekayo ekuthuthukiseni i-pathologies enganeni ebusweni.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwama-antibodies ku- gonadotropin ye-chorionic - enqunyiwe kwabesifazane abanenkinga yokukhulelwe, uma emva kokukhulelwa, ama-antibodies ku-hCG awenqaba iqanda.
Ihlaziya amadoda uma uhlela ukukhulelwa - uhlu
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zinikezwe kumuntu lapho ehlela ukukhulelwa, ubaba ozayo kufanele axhumane nesikhungo sezokwelapha esikhethekile. Into eyinhloko ekulungiseleleni ubaba ongase abe khona ekukhulelweni komzimba ukuhlonza zonke izifo ezitholakalayo nokuqedwa kwazo. Ukuze kutholakale izinqubo zokuvuvukala nokutheleleka emzimbeni wepapa wesikhathi esizayo, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kuhlelelwe amadoda ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa:
- Ukucwaninga kwe-PCR ukukhishwa e-urethra - kusiza ekuboneni isampula izakhi zofuzo ezinjalo njenge-herpes, i-chlamydia, i-mycoplasmosis.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-hepatitis, syphilis.
Uma ukuhlaziywa okwenziwe akuzange kubonakalise noma yiziphi izifo, noma kunjalo, lapho uhlela ukukhulelwa, izinkinga zokukhulelwa zavela, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwanikezwa:
- I-Spermogram - inquma inombolo yesidoda ejaculate kanye ne-morphology yabo.
- Ukuhlolwa kuka-MAR - kubonisa ukuba khona kwama-antisperm antibodies, okuhlasela i-spermatozoa, ukunciphisa amathuba okukhulelwa.
Hlela ukuhlela ukukhulelwa
Inkimbinkimbi yokuhlaziya ekukhuliseni ukukhulelwa kungahluka futhi kuxhomeke empilweni yesiguli, ukutholakala kwezifo ezingapheliyo, izinkinga zokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini. Ngenxa yalokhu, nabesifazane ababili belungiselela ukuba babe omama, uhlu lwazo izifundo ezibelwe luyahlukahluka. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlelwa kwezinyathelo okumelwe kuthathwe ngumama ongase abe khona esigabeni sokuhlela ukukhulelwa kuyafana:
- ukubonisana kwesiguli sezinzwa zesifunda;
- ukuhamba kwezifundo ezabiwe;
- inkambo yokwelapha (uma kunesidingo);
- ukuqaliswa kwezincomo ezitholiwe.
Ukuvivinya ama-Hormonal ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa
Ihlaziya ngaphambi kokukhulelwa ngokuvamile kufaka ukuzimisela kwezinga lamahomoni. Ucwaningo olunzima lubekiwe kulabo abagulayo ababengenenkinga yokukhulelwa noma ukukhulelwa. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kungenziwa ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 no-21-23 zomjikelezo wesimiso. Lapho kwenziwa ngesampula segazi eligcwele igazi, abasizi be-laboratory basungula ukuhlushwa kwama-hormone alandelayo:
- i-prolactin;
- i-progesterone;
- i-testosterone;
- ukuqondisa;
- i-thyrotropic;
- thyroxine.
Izivivinyo zama-genetic ekukhuleni kokukhulelwa
Lapho sibhekene nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zihanjiswe uma kuhlela ukukhulelwa kuyimpoqo, siyaqaphela ukuthi kunezifundo ezengeziwe. Izinkomba zokuziphatha kwazo ukuphulwa kofuzo lomunye wabazali noma izihlobo eziseduze. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwangaphambi kokucabanga kwamadoda nakho kunqunywe. Phakathi kwezinkomba eziyinhloko zokuziphatha, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa:
1. Unyaka womama olindelekile uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35.
2. Ukutholakala kwezingane ezivela ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini ngezifo zokuzalwa:
- i-hyperplasia yesifo sofuba se-cortex ye-adrenal;
- amaphutha okuthuthukiswa;
- i-chromosomal pathologies;
- ukuphuza kwengqondo.
3. Ukuthuthwa kwesisu ngokungahambi kahle kwemvelaphi engaziwa.
4. i-amenorrhea eyinhloko.
Ukuhambisana nokuhlolwa kokuhlela ukukhulelwa
Ukukhuluma ngezivivinyo ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa, odokotela ngokwehlukana bahlukanisa isifundo ngokuhambisana kwabashadile. Ngalesi sikhathi kuyisiko ukuqonda inhlanganisela ye-immunological yabalingani bobulili. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umzimba wesifazane uvame ukuthatha uhlelo lozalo lokuzala, njengama-pathogenic agents. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa okunamandla kwama-antibody amaprotheni aqala, okuyinto elulalisa amangqamuzana omzimba wesilisa. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo ngemuva kokukhulelwa okubandayo uma uhlela okulandelayo kuyimpoqo.
Ukuze kuvivinywe, udokotela ususa umqubu womlomo wesibeletho emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho. Inqubo yenziwa kungakapheli amahora angu-6-12 ngemuva kwesenzo socansi. I-Slime ifakwe kumakrofoni. Esikhathini sampula esampuliwe, inani lamalungu omzimba wesilisa lizimisele, ukuhamba kwazo nokusebenza kwazo kuhlolwa. Uma kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-spermatozoa kwisampula, zihamba futhi zisebenza - abalingani bahambisana nokuzivikela. Uma i-spermatozoa ayitholakali emcimbini ngaphansi kokucwaninga noma kukhona ambalwa kuwo futhi ayenzi imvelo, akhuluma ngokungahambisani.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezifo ezithintekile ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa
Izindlela zokuhlonza i-laboratories zingabonisa ukuba khona kwe-agent emzimbeni ngaphandle kwesimpawu sokuthi kukhona khona. Ukutheleleka ngokobulili kutholakala kaningi, izimpawu zazo zingavela ngisho nezinyanga emva kokutheleleka. Ukuze kungabandakanyi ukutholakala kwabo ngesikhathi ingane ivela, odokotela banikeza izivivinyo zokutheleleka ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa, uhlu lwazo okulandelayo:
- I-smear microscopy yocwaningo lwamaseli e-epithelial avela ku-urethra, umsele womlomo wesibeletho.
- I-bacteriological seeding yindlela yamasiko ehilela ukukhulisa i-pathogen emithonjeni yezokwakha kanye ne-microscopy eqhubekayo.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Immunoenzyme (i-ELISA) - kuhilela ukutholakala kwama-antibodies ukuze kutholakale izifo ezincelweni zegazi.
- Ukusabela kwe-immunofluorescence (i-RIF) - kuhilela umbala we-biomaterial and microscopy of the smear.
- I-Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR) - kusiza ukuthola amathrekhi wezinto eziphathekayo zofuzo ze-agent causative yegazi, lapho kungekho khona izimpawu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-thrombophilia ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi uma uhlela ukukhulelwa kusiza ukuthola isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esilandelwa ukuphulwa kwesistimu yegazi. Nge-thrombophilia, kukhona ukuthambekela kokuthuthukisa ama-clots - ama-clots egazi, angawagcoba isibani sesitsha segazi futhi aphazamise ukugeleza kwegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, uma uphendula lo mbuzo: yiziphi izivivinyo odinga ukudlulisela kowesifazane uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, odokotela nabo babiza ukuhlolwa kwe-thrombophilia. Izinkomba zalo ziyi:
- ukukhulelwa kwesisu ngokukhulelwa;
- ubuholi obubi;
- ukucindezeleka komzimba;
- i-varicose veins;
- ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo;
- ukushaya.