Ikhamera yezobuchwepheshe - amamodeli athandwa kakhulu wokudubula okuhle kakhulu

Uchwepheshe weqiniso uyazi kahle ukuthi ufunani ekhamera. Ubuciko bezithombe zinezikhombisi eziningi - i-portrait, landscape, umbiko, isithombe sezithombe, futhi ngamunye wabo udinga imingcele yakhe yezithombe. Kodwa nokho kunemiqondo evamile echaza ikhamera yobuchwepheshe.

Iyiphi ikhamera okumele ukhethe izithombe ezisebenzayo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini yezithombe, kuhlanganise nochwepheshe. Ezinye zezilwane zazikhona eminyakeni engama-50 eyedlule futhi zahlukaniswa ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yezithombe, ezinye zavela ekuthengisweni kamuva nje. Yisiphi ikhamera yokudubula kwezobuchwepheshe okukhethayo incike kakhulu ekuthandweni komthwebuli wezithombe.

Ikhamera yekhamera yokufwebula izithombe

Esikhathini sethu yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamakhamera ochwepheshe. Ikhwalithi yocingo elinjalo lihlolwe yisikhathi, futhi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zizokuvumela ukuba ukhethe imishini yezithombe kunoma yisiphi isicelo. Amakhamera asebenza nge-SLR afakwe igama lawo ngenxa yesistimu yesibuko. Ukukhanya kudlula lens ekhishwayo yekhamera, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi i-lens nayo ibe nekhwalithi ephakeme, engekho ngaphansi kwezixhobo ezizimele.

Ngosizo lwesibuko, sibona lesi sithombe kwikhamera yevidiyo. Uma ukudubula, isibuko sivela futhi izigidi zamakhi we-matrix zingathatha ukukhanya futhi zithumele ulwazi kumprosesa wekhamera, olusindisa njengefayela, ngaleyo ndlela yakha isithombe sedijithali. Ifayela eliqediwe libhalwa kwimemori khadi.

Ikhamera ye-SLR yekhono ikwazi ukurekhoda amafayela we-RAW, okuvumela umthwebuli wezithombe ukuthi alungise kalula ukukhanya (ukuchayeka), ithoni yombala (ukwenza amathoni afudumele noma afudumele), ibhalansi emhlophe, ukungafani kwamathunzi nezinye izikhathi eziningi ezibalulekile ngosizo lwabahleli bezithombe.

Ikhamera engavamile yokubukisa

Le nqubo ivele emakethe cishe maduzane, kodwa, ngokusho kwabaningi, lena ikhamera engcono kakhulu yokuthola izithombe ezisebenzayo. Into eyinhloko indlela ikhamera engenzi-mirror engafani ngayo ehlukile esibukweni esichazwe ngenhla - kungabikho kwesibuko ekwakheni. Umtshina wevidiyo unombhalo wedijithali futhi unesinqumo esiphezulu. Ikhwalithi yesithombe yekhamera engilazi esibukweni ayikho ngaphansi kwesibuko, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo nesisindo esincane, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesibuko kanye nomtshina wevidiyo okhanyayo, le nqubo isheshe ithola abalandeli bayo.

Amakhamera wezithombe ezisebenzayo

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule kwakungenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ikhamera engcono kakhulu yezithombe ezisebenzayo yikhamera ye-SLR yefilimu. Noma kunjalo, inqubekela phambili ayimi, nokufika kwemishini entsha yezithombe zedijithali, lezi zithombe ziye zangemuva. Kodwa kukhona abalandeli abakhulu bama-retro-amakhamera, abasasebenzisa kuphela amakhamera wefilimu, isithombe esivela ngokuhlelwa ngumbala okhethekile wombala kanye nokunciphisa amathoni.

Isimiso sekhamera ye-SLR yefilimu ifana ncamashi nechazwe ngenhla, nge-nuance eyodwa ebalulekile - edabula i-lens ye-lens, isithombe asihlosiwe ku-matrix, kodwa kwifilimu ebonisa izithombe. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo we-photographer uvela ngokuqondile nefilimu - okokuqala kufanele ukhonjiswe ezimweni ezikhethekile, bese udlulisela izithombe nge-digitally noma ngqo ephepheni lesithombe.

Ikhamera eqeqeshiwe yabaqalayo

Uma unquma ukuqala ukufunda izithombe, ngaphandle kwamakhono okuqala, ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwabathwebuli bezithombe eziningi, akufanele uthenge ngokushesha amakhamera aphezulu wezisebenzi - ayabiza, futhi ngeke ukwazi ukuwaqonda ngokushesha. Into enhle kubathwebuli bezithombe ezincane ukuthenga ikhamera ye-amateur. Kuzokusiza ufunde okuyisisekelo sokubheka izithombe eziphumelelayo, ukwakha izidingo zakho, bese uthengela ikhamera yobuchwepheshe - uma kunjalo, ngethuba elikhulu uzokwaneliswa yindlela.

Amakhamera ochwepheshe we-videographer

Uma ngabe ama-videographer angaphambili aphoqeleka ukuba asebenzise kuphela amakhamera wevidiyo, manje kungenzeka ukuthi ku-mirror amaningi yezibuko nezibuko ezingenalutho. Uyazi ukuthi amafilimu nama-serials amaningi adutshulwa ngamakhamera - ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izichungechunge zeNdlu ebizwa ngokuthi "Indlu yaseHaus" yadutshulwa ku-Canon EOS 5D Mark II, izikhathi eziningi ze-"Avatar" edumile zidutshulwa ekhamera efanayo.

Yini eyenza ama-videographers, kuhlanganise nabachwepheshe abaningi, bayeka ukukhetha kwabo kumakhamera? Okokuqala, lokhu kuyintengo. Ikhamera yezobuchwepheshe ayishibhile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ishibhile kunama-movie kamera. Okwesibili, ngosizo lwemishini yezithombe ezisebenzayo kulula ukudala imiphumela emihle yevidiyo engafinyeleleki kumakhamera wevidiyo - ukujula okukhulu kwensimu, ukuguqulwa kokubhekeleleka, isizinda esicacile ngomdwebo othakazelisayo (i-bokeh).

Uma sicabanga ngamakhamera wezinsuku zanamuhla, kulula kakhulu ukubona ukuthi ubani ongcono kumculi wevidiyo. Okokuqala, ikhwalithi yevidiyo kufanele ibe ne-HD isinqumo, futhi i-FullHD noma i-4K engcono kakhulu. Ikhamera yesithombe esibukwayo esibukwayo esetshenziswa yi-videographers i-EOS 5D Mark II kanye ne-EOS 5D Mark III entsha, kodwa amanye amakhamera amaningi angasetshenziswa ngempumelelo.

Izici zekhamera yobuchwepheshe

Yini ehlukanisa ikhamera yezobuchwepheshe kusuka kumakhamera weklasi aqeqeshiwe namakhono? Kungani le nqubo yezithombe inemali eningi, nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera yezobuchwepheshe, ucabange izici ezibalulekile? Masihlale esihlokweni ngasinye esibalulekile ngokuningiliziwe.

Zingaki ama-megapixels ekhamera yezobuchwepheshe?

Ukwenza ukhetho lwekhamera yezobuchwepheshe, abaqalayo abaningi emifanekiso yobuciko banesithakazelo kwinombolo yama-megapixels. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazi ukuthi le parameter ibalulekile ekusebenziseni imishini elula yezithombe, ngoba amakhamera aphezulu asemqoka kakhulu. Amakhamera amaningi asebenzayo anesinqumo se-megapixels angu-12 nangaphezulu, njenge-amateur midrange SLRs. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuphela usayizi wesithombe, ukulinganisa lokhu akuhambisani ngqo.

I-Matrix ye-Professional Camera

Umgogodla oyinhloko ohlukanisa ikhamera yezobuchwepheshe kuyinto matrix. Ipharamitha yeyokuqala neyokuyinhloko ubukhulu be-matrix. Zonke amakhamera ochwepheshe awuhlaka olugcwele , okungukuthi, i-matrix inamaphesenti angama-36x24 cm, ahambisana nosayizi wefrimu yamafilimu. I-matrix egcwele ithola ukukhanya okuningi, okuqinisekisa izinga elihle kakhulu lezithombe ngisho nasezimo eziphansi, kanye nomsindo ophansi ezithombeni. Kokubili isibuko kanye namakhamera asebenzayo asebenzayo ngaphandle kwesistimu yesibuko kumele abe nomthamo osayizi ogcwele.

Esinye isici esibalulekile se-matrix yekhamera yi-photosensitivity yayo, ebizwa ngokuthi inombolo ye-ISO. Ukuzwela okukhulu komthamo wekhamera yezobuchwepheshe kufanele okungenani kube ngu-6400 - lokhu kuzovumela ukudubula ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zokukhanya ngokuvezwa kancane. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi inombolo ephakeme ye-ISO ezilungiselelweni, uma kukhona umsindo (isithombe) esithombeni, ngakho-ke uma kungenzeka, ukuzwela kufanele kubekwe okungenani.

Isilinganiso samakhamera aphezulu

Uma amakhamera ajwayelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwekhaya akhiqiza izinkampani eziningi, imikhiqizo embalwa kuphela ekhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ukukhetha ikhamera yobuchwepheshe, kufanelekile ukutadisha isilinganiso sabo ukuze bathole inqubo engcono kakhulu yezithombe eziphezulu kakhulu. Namuhla imakethe inezinto ezilandelayo zamakhamera ochwepheshe:

• I-Canon EOS;
• I-Nikon;
• I-Pentax;
• I-Sony Alpha.

Kukhwalithi yomsebenzi nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwamamodeli wanamuhla, abaholi abangenakuphikiswa ekulinganisweni yizimpi ezinkulu ezimbili zemakethe yezithombe - Canon no-Nikon. La mafemu akhiqiza amakhamera ochwepheshe njengeklasi eliphakathi, elitholakala kubantu abanemali encane, futhi elingenakuqhathaniswa nezici zesimodeli, izindleko zazo ezilinganiselwe ezinkulungwaneni zamayunithi avamile.

I-Canon ye-Professional Camera

Uma kumbuzo wokuthi iyiphi ikhamera oyidingayo ukuze ufunde izithombe, uyeka eCanon, kufanele ufunde ngokuningiliziwe amamodeli athandwa kakhulu futhi asebenzayo.

1. I-CANON EOS 1DX . Kuthathwa njengekhamera engcono kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni. Okufanelekayo kokubili ukubika kanye nesithombe esithile se-studio. Iqukethe isivinini esikhulu sokuvala nokugxila kwamakhono.
2. I-CANON EOS 5D UMARKI III - ikhamera yezobuchwepheshe ethandwa kakhulu, enezici ezidingekayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezithombe zezobuchwepheshe.
3. I-CANON EOS 6D - lo modeli udinga kakhulu futhi uyaziwa njengekhamera yezobuchwepheshe engabizi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezingafani neze no-5D ongenhla, ezansi kuwo kuphela ekuxazululweni kwe-matrix kanye nesivinini se-shutter. Kodwa imingcele yayo izothola izithombe eziphezulu kakhulu.
4. I-Canon EOS 5D Mark IV iyakamuva kuluhlu lwe-5D ngenani elikhulayo lama-megapixels kuze kufike ku-37.1, ehlomele i-Wi-Fi, i-GPS, i-video ye-4K yokuqopha kanye neskrini sokuthinta.
5. I-Canon EOS 5DSR - ikhamera engcono kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe bezithombe ze-studio. Isinqumo se-matrix ngu-50 Mp. Kodwa imodeli idinga kakhulu ama-optics, kubalulekile ukudubula nge-L-series lens.
6. I-Canon EOS M5 - ikhamera engenalutho yokubukisa. Ibonisa ubukhali obuhle ku-ISO ephezulu, ine-finder enhle yevidiyo kanye ne-autofocus esheshayo kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuphishekela ikhwalithi, le ikhamera yalahlekelwa inzuzo enkulu yamakhamera angenalutho - isisindo esincane. Ngaphandle kwebhethri, isisindo esingu-427 amagremu.

Ikhamera ye-Nikon yomsebenzi

Kunokuphikisana okuningi ngokuthi iyiphi ikhamera yezobuchwepheshe engcono, i-Nikon noma i-Canon, futhi zonke izingxoxo kule ndaba azizinalutho. Lezi femu ezimbili zilingana ngokuphelele, ngisho namamodeli avame ukuza nezici ezifanayo, futhi amanani abo afana nawo. Ngakho-ke, ukhetha phakathi kwabo, gxila kuphela ekusebenzeni kwayo kanye nokunambitha.

Ake sihlanganise ngokuningiliziwe okufushane kwamakhamera we-Nikon ngobuchwepheshe ngokubuyekeza amamodeli awo aphezulu.

1. I-NIKON D4S - le ikhamera ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Yenzelwe ukudubula okubikwayo, inezinga eliphezulu lohlaka (amafrimu angu-11 ngomzuzwana) namakhono okugxila ekuthuthukisweni.
2. I-NIKON DF - ngenxa yesisindo sayo esincane (ama-gramu angu-700) kubhekwa njengekhamera engcono kakhulu yezibuko zabahambi, ngokuqinisekile izobazisa abalandeli bomklamo we-retro. Kwabaningi kungase kubonakale kungathandeki uma kuqhathaniswa nomklamo we-ergonomic wanamuhla, kodwa lokhu okuwukuphela kwe-drawback yemodeli.
3. I-Nikon D3 - iprosesa yesimanje, ukugxila okubanzi, ukucacisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvezwa nokulingana okumhlophe.
4. I-Nikon D800 - i-matrix enesinqumo sama 36g megapixels uyokhiqiza izithombe eziphezulu ngezinga elijulile lensimu nemininingwane. I-autofocus yesifunda, umsindo ophansi - leyo incazelo emfushane yale ikhamera.
5. I-Nikon D610 - isici salo modeli ukukhululwa kwe-shutter enokuthula, ukuze ikhamera isebenzise kaningi futhi ngokuphumelelayo ukudubula izilwane zasendle.

Lokhu akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemishini yezithombe ezidumile ze-Nikon brand odumile, kuphela amamodeli athandwa kakhulu asetshenziswe ekulinganisweni. Eqinisweni, ububanzi bezinkampani zale nkampani bubanzi kakhulu futhi ngokuqinisekile kuzokuvumela ukuba ukhethe inketho ekahle eyanelisa isicelo sakho njengomthwebuli wezithombe futhi ulingene nesabelomali.

Ungasebenzisa kanjani ikhamera yobuchwepheshe?

Uma ngaphambilini wasebenzisa imishini yezithombe zekilasi le-amateur noma elingu-professional, ungakwazi kalula ukuzitholela ikhamera yezithombe zobuchwepheshe. Kwabaqalayo abasebenzisi bekhamera efanayo, sizobe sichaze amathiphu azokusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuthatha izithombe bese wenza uhlaka oluhle lokuqala.

1. Izindlela zokudubula. Esibukweni ngasinye nesikhamera esingenasipiliyoni kukhona izindlela zokuzenzakalelayo nezomuntu, kwezinye amakhamera asebenzayo azikho izindlela zemizi. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuthola izithombe ezinhle, kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhuku. Izilungiselelo zemodi ngayinye zikuvumela ukuba ubeke ukuchayeka okufisayo, isivinini se-shutter nokuvula (isibalo sokukhanya esinqumayo ukujula kwensimu yesithombe). Izincwadi eziningiliziwe zendlela ngayinye ziyiziqondiso ekhamera.
2. Imenyu. Lapha ungahlela izilungiselelo ze-flash, imiphumela, ibhalansi emhlophe, izindlela zokubonisa esibukweni.
3. Izinkinobho ezingaphezulu kwesikrini sesibili zizokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izindlela zokukhululwa kwe-shutter - ukudubula okukodwa, ukukhipha, noma ukulibazisa ukukhululwa kwe-shutter. Noma kunjalo lapha kuyadingeka ukhethe inombolo ye-ISO - ubuzwe be-matrix. Khumbula ukuthi inani kufanele libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesakhiwo esinikeziwe, i-ISO ephezulu igcwele ukubonakala komsindo esithombeni.