I-pneumonia yamapayipi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa - ukuvuvukala kwesifo samaphaphu - yisinye sezifo ezivame ukwelashwa. Kuyingozi kunoma imuphi umntwana, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa epneumonia ebantwaneni phakathi kwezinsana. Ngeshwa, izibalo namuhla zinjengalezi: i-pneumonia ezinsana itholakala ku-1% yesikhathi esigcwele kanye no-10-15% wabantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobo nezimbangela ze-pneumonia ezinsana
Ezokwelapha, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-pneumonia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imbangela yesifo:
- ukudluliselwa komzimba (i-agent causative ingena emntwaneni ngokuhamba komama);
- i-intrauterine yokubeletha, ibangelwa amagciwane awela emaphashini e-fetal avela kumamidiotic fluid;
- ukubeletha ngaphakathi kwezingane, kwenzeka lapho ingane idlula emgodini wokuzalwa womama, otheleleke ezincane zemvelo;
- i-pneumonia emva kokubeletha, lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngemva kokubeletha esibhedlela sokubeletha, emnyangweni wezinkinga ze-neonatal (nosocomial), noma ekhaya.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-pneumonia ezinsana ziyizi:
- ukutheleleka kwe-toxoplasmosis, i-listeriosis, i-rubella, i-herpes (ene-pneumonia yokuzalwa engezansi);
- i-streptococci yamaqembu B no-O, ama-mycoplasmas enesisindo, izintambo ezinamahlombe nezimpondo (nge-pneumonia yangaphambi kokubeletha kanye ne-intranatal);
- i-streptococcus group B, i-cytomegalovirus, i-chlamydia, isikhunta se-Candida ne-herpesvirus uhlobo II (ene-pneumonia yangaphakathi kwe-intranatal);
- I-Klebsiella, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-yucca yamathumbu, ama-proteas, i-staphylococci (nge-nosocomial aspiration pneumonia ezinsana);
- i-bacterial-bacterial, i-virus-bacterium.
I-pneumonia yasekhaya etholakalayo kaningi iyenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokutheleleka okubangelwa ukuphefumula kwesandulela ngculazi okubangelwa ama-adenovirus.
I-pneumonia yesibili, okuwukubonakaliswa noma ukucindezeleka kwe-sepsis, isifo se-aspiration, ngokuvamile kubangelwa ama-streptococci, i-staphylococci noma i-gram-negative flora.
Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ezinsana
Izimpawu ze-pneumonia emntwaneni osanda kuzalwa uma odokotela begciwane lesandulela ngculaza bazothola ngisho nangaphambi kokuphuma, ngoba ngokuvamile izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-pneumonia ziqala ukuvela ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane.
Uma umama nomntwana bekhishwa ekhaya, ngenyanga yokuqala kumele bahambisane nodokotela ukuze bahlonishwe. Uzoyibheka isimo somntwana, futhi udinga ukukhuluma ngazo zonke izimpawu eziphazamisayo, isibonelo, mayelana nokuhamba kwengane, ukuphindaphindiwe njalo kanye nesitoreji segazi, ukwenqabela isifuba, ukukhathala okusheshayo lapho usondla.
Uma ingane inomkhuhlane, ungalindele omunye udokotela ukuba eze. Mema ngokuphuthumayo i-ambulensi. Ukwelashwa ezinganeni kungase kube mnene, kodwa kubalulekile ukulalela ngokushesha ukukhwehlela. Futhi, qaphelisa ukubukeka kokukhishwa emakhaleni kumntwana nokuphefumula. Ukuphefumula kuholela ezimpawu ze-blue ezinyaweni, ebusweni nasezandleni. Ingane egulayo ibonakala ngokusheshisa kwe-diaper rash.
Ukwesaba ukudlula i-pneumonia enganeni akudingekile, empeleni izibonakaliso zokugula noma izifo azivami ukuvela ngaphandle kokushisa kwamazinga okushisa. Futhi kudinga ukulinganisa ngezikhathi ezithile ngezinhloso zokuvimbela.
Udokotela, ohlolisisa njalo futhi olalele ingane, angakwazi ukubona kalula ukuphefumula.
Iyiphi imithi ehlinzekwa nge-pneumonia ezinsana?
Ama-antibiotics wezinyathelo eziningi kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia. Ingane idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela ukugwema ukuncibilika ngokweqile nokushisa. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwesikhumba sakhe, ngokuvamile ukushintsha isimo somzimba wakhe, ukudla kuphela uphondo noma usebenzisa ipulazi. Ukusebenzisa isifuba isana eligulayo, odokotela bazovunyelwa kuphela uma kusesimweni esanelisayo, okungukuthi, ngokunyamalala kokuhlukunyezwa nokuhluleka kokuphefumula.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha, i-physiotherapy (i-microwave ne-electrophoresis), amavithamini C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B15, ukusetshenziswa kwama-immunoglobulins, lwesinaphi kanye nama-hot wraps kabili ngosuku, ukugonywa kwe-plasma yegazi kumisiwe.
Imiphumela ye-pneumonia ezinsana
Izingane eziye zaba ne-pneumonia (ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia yase-Afrika ezisanda kuzalwa) zijwayele ukugula okuphindaphindiwe. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwabo kufanele baqhutshwe ngezikhathi eziningi nge-vitamin therapy, banike ama-bioregulators (okukhipha i-aloe ne-eleutterococcus) ngezinyanga ezingu-3-4. Futhi kungakapheli unyaka owodwa umntwana uzoba ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwemitholampilo.