Umbala obomvu wegazi uchazwa okuqukethwe kwe-pigment kuma-erythrocytes, aqukethe i-iron ne-protein, i-hemoglobin. Lesi sakhi senza omunye wemisebenzi edingekayo emzimbeni: ukudluliselwa kwama-molecule e-oxygen. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukunciphisa i-hemoglobin - izimpawu zalesi simo zingaba isignali sokuqala yezinkinga ezinzima ezizayo kanye nezifo ezikhulayo.
Yiziphi izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hemoglobin ephansi egazini eqala kuqala?
Ekuqaleni kwezinkinga zokukhubazeka, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kungase kungabi khona ngenxa yesinxephezelo sokuzivikela ngomzimba, noma isiguli asuke singaboni. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-anemia kubonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- ukukhathala okusheshayo, ubuthakathaka emva kokucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo;
- i-blanching yesikhumba, kufaka phakathi i-membrane yamangqamuzana;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kubonakaliswe njengokulala nokulala;
- kunciphisa ukunakwa, ukuhlushwa kanye nokukhumbula inkumbulo;
- isiyezi;
- ukubukeka kwe- dyspnea , ngisho nalapho bekhwela izitebhisi;
- izinhliziyo zentambo, i-tachycardia;
- ama-cramps emisipha yamaphethelo aphansi (amathole, izinyawo), ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpawu eziyinhloko zokunciphisa i-hemoglobin kwabesifazane zibonakala ngaphambi kwamadoda. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ukuhlunga okujwayelekile kwegazi kulesisindo sezinhlobonhlobo zezocansi kuhlukahluka ebangeni elincane: 130-147 g / l (ngesigamu esiphezulu sabantu - 130-160 g / l).
Ukubonakaliswa okuqhubekayo kwemitholampilo kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-anemia.
Ziyini izimpawu uma i-hemoglobin iyancishiswa?
Uma lesi sifo sihlobene nokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12, izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyabonakala:
- ukuwohloka komqondo wokuthinta, ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele;
- umsebenzi ongavamile wobuchopho, kuhlanganise nokwenzeka kwezingxoxo;
- ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi nokusebenzisana;
- izinzwa zokukhahlaza "i-goosebumps", ukulinganisa amanga (paresthesia);
- ukuphuza, ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwezitho.
Ukuntula i-iron aneemia kunezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- ukushintsha ukuma kwezipikili emilenzeni kanye nezandla (isifingqo);
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala emagqumeni amancane, ngokuvamile emlonyeni;
- Izintandokazi zokunciphisa umzimba (iphepha, iqhwa, izinwele, umhlaba);
- I-Syndrome esithathelwanayo;
- ukulinda okuphelele;
- ukuwohloka kokugaya;
- ukunciphisa ukuvikelwa kokuzivikela komzimba.
Ukunciphisa i-hemoglobin:
- ukushintsha umbala womchamo ube obomvu noma obomvu;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- i-icterus yesikhumba;
- i-hematomas engaphansi.
Uhlobo lwe-sickle-cell type anemia:
- ukutheleleka njalo;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu emisipha kanye nasendlini;
- ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo emlenzeni;
- ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni.
Izimpawu zokunciphisa i-hemoglobin egazini ngesikhathi sokuphuza ukuholela:
- isicasuli;
- ukusika ubuhlungu e-epigastrium;
- i-line eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emnyama ebusweni bezinsini.
I-anemia engapheli ibonakala yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- izilonda ezingezona ukuphulukisa ezisekhanda lemilenze;
- umbala ophuzi wesikhumba, kanye nezindawo zomswakama kanye nama-protein asehlo;
- izimpawu ze-cholelithiasis;
- ekhombisa umchamo embala omnyama, ngokuvamile - obomvu obomvu futhi obomvu.
Ukuze uthole ukuhlunga okufanelekile kwe-pathology, kuningi lwezinhlolo zokuhlolwa ze-laboratory ezidingekayo:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele ;
- I-Irrigoscopy;
- ukuzimisela komsebenzi we-serum iron wokubopha;
- ukuhlushwa kwamaprotheni nensimbi egazini;
- i-computer noma i-imagon resonance imaging ngokusetshenziswa okugunyazayo kokuphakathi okuphakathi;
- ukuqoqwa kolwazi (kusuka kumtholampilo);
- ukuhlolwa komzimba wezifo zokwelapha;
- i-fibrogastroscopy;
- I-ultrasound yezitho zomzimba;
- ukubonisana nodokotela ohlinzayo nodokotela wegazi.