I-Erythrocytes - amancane amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba. Umsebenzi wabo ukuhambisa i-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. Inani elincishisiwe noma elandayo lamaseli abomvu elibomvu libonisa ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokusekela impilo yabantu.
I-Erythrocytosis - Izinhlobo
Inombolo ekhulisiwe yamaseli abomvu egazi (i-erythrocytosis) ayithathwa njengesifo esizimele. Kungcono kunesifo esiyinkinga noma isenzo somzimba ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Kanye nokwanda kwamanani amangqamuzana egazi obomvu, izinga le-hemoglobin landa kakhulu. Ezokwelapha, ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo kwe-erythrocytosis kuyamukelwa:
- okuyisisekelo;
- secondary.
Lesi sigaba sihlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- okuphelele;
- isihlobo.
I-erythrocytosis eyinhloko
Lesi simo yisifo esizimele sesistimu ye-hematopoietic futhi sinesimo sezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kuvela ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, okuholela ekuphukeni kwesisekelo sabo sokusebenza - ukuthuthwa kwe-oxygen. I-erythrocytosis ene-hereditary ayivamile. Kuzokwelapha, kwaziwa ngokuthi i-polycythemia yesifo sofuba noma isifo se-Vaquez. Lesi sifo senza ukwanda kwevolumu lomthambo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu ne-hemoglobin.
I-erythrocytosis yesibili
Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengezibonakaliso zezifo ezinzima noma ezingapheliyo, ezibonakala ngokubonakaliswa kokuntuleka okwe-oxygen okungapheli. Ngenxa yalokho, amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu akhiqizwa emzimbeni. I-erythrocytosis ephawulekayo ivame ukuvela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezizintaba.
I-erythrocytosis ephelele futhi ehlobene
Lezi izinhlobo ezimbili ze-polycythemia yesibili. I-erythrocytosis ehlobeneyo yenzeka ngenxa yokunciphisa inani legazi eliphelele ngenxa yokuphela kwamanzi omzimba. Ukwanda kwenani lama-erythrocyte kuholela ekunciphiseni ngobukhulu be-plasma. I-erythrocytosis engenayo ingumphumela we-erythropoiesis eyandayo - inqubo yokwakhiwa kwamaseli abomvu ebomvu. Leli fomu le-pathology lihambisana njalo nezifo zezitho zangaphakathi noma izinhlelo zonke.
I-Erythrocytosis - Izimbangela
Ngokwezibalo, i-polycythemia itholakale ngeziguli zobulili bobubili obuhlukene. Izimbangela ze-erythrocytosis kwabesifazane zixhomeke efomu layo. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:
1. I-primary anomaly ihlale iwumphumela wephutha le-hematopoietic ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo noma izinkinga zenhliziyo ezingenayo.
2. I-polycythemia yesibili yinto efunyenwe ngakho-ke inezimbangela eziningi:
- uketshezi lwe-carbon monoxide ohlelweni lokubhema;
- ukuhlala phezulu ezintabeni kudala i-hypoxia, okuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwe-erythrocyte;
- izifo ezingapheli zesimiso sokuphefumula nesimiso senhliziyo;
- isifo sezinso;
- i-oncology ye-etiology ehlukene;
- i-erythrocytosis ehambisanayo ingenzeka ngenxa yesikhashana eside noma ukuphuma kwegazi;
- ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 emzimbeni wesifazane kwenza ukwanda kwamaseli abomvu egazi;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinzima, ezihambisana nokuhlanza nokuhuda;
- i-hypertension;
- izimo ezicindezelayo;
- ukwedlula ngokweqile.
I-Erythrocytosis - izimpawu
Ukwanda kwezinga lamaseli abomvu wegazi liphuza. Ngakho-ke, i-symptomatology yalesi sifo iveza kahle. Endabeni yesimo esitholakale sesifo, isiguli singase sibone izibonakaliso ezilandelayo ze-erythrocytosis:
- igazi elibalulekile, elibonakala ikakhulukazi ekusikeni;
- ukusebenzisana nokukhubazeka, isizungu esivamile;
- ukuphelelwa amandla;
- ikhanda elithatha uhlobo lwe-migraine;
- i-nosebleeds;
- ithoni yesikhumba ebomvu-cyanotic;
- ukukhathala okungapheli;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala nokulala ubusuku;
- ukulinganisa ngokomzwelo;
- ukukhushulwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo;
- izinqubo ezilandelwayo emva kokugeza;
- ukwephulwa komsebenzi wesistimu ye-genitourinary - isibonakaliso se-polycythemia yabesifazane.
I-Erythrocytosis - Ukuxilongwa
Ukuze kucacise imbangela yokwenzeka kwe-plethora, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kwezitho zangaphakathi, amaphaphu X-ray, ukuhlolwa kwesimiso senhliziyo. Uma kutholakala okufakwe ekubunjweni kwe-thrombi, kudingekile ukubonisana okhethekile. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesiguli emtholampilo, udokotela ukhetha izifundo eziningi ze-laboratory kanye nezinsimbi. Phakathi kokuqala - ukuhlola igazi kwegazi. Ukuxilongwa "kwe-erythrocytosis" kuqinisekiswa ukuthi izinga le-serum lama-erythrocyte kulaba besifazane liyi-6.5-7.5x1012 / l.
Ezinye izinkomba nazo zicatshangelwa:
- ukwanda kwe-hemoglobin kuka 140 g / l;
- ukwanda kwenani lama-leukocyte nama-platelet.
I-Erythrocytosis - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-erythrocytosis kwabesifazane kuhloswe ukunciphisa izinga lamaseli abomvu obomvu. Ukuze unciphise i-viscosity yegazi futhi avimbele ukutholakala kwe-thrombi, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kusetshenziswa, okuqukethe izigaba eziningana:
1. Nika izidakamizwa zokwelapha isifo esiyisisekelo, ngoba i-polycythemia ingaba yinye yezibonakaliso zakhe.
2. Uma i-erythrocytosis ibangelwa i-hypoxia yamathambo, izinqubo zenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-oxygen.
3. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uyeke ukubhema.
4. Ukunciphisa ama-antiplatelet anikezwe igazi kanye nama-anticoagulants:
- I-Aspirin;
- I-Courantil ;
- I-Trental;
- I-Heparin.
5. Kanye nokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa, i-hirudotherapy isetshenziswa kabanzi. Le ndlela iqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwezilonda zezokwelapha, ezondla igazi elingaphezu kwegazi futhi zinikezela umzimba ngezinto ezikhethekile - i-hirudin. Ukwelashwa kuqhutshwa ngezifundo, izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka.
6. Ukuhambisana nokudla okhethekile kuzosiza ukuqinisa izindonga zemikhumbi bese ukhipha isisindo esiningi. Imikhiqizo kufanele ikhishwe ekudleni kwansuku zonke equkethe insimbi, isibonelo:
- inyama enamafutha;
- ibhukwakhe;
- i-peas;
- lentile;
- isipinashi nabanye.
Akunconywa ukuthatha ama-multivitamini namaminerali.
Ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke nokuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganayo kuzosiza ukuqinisa umphumela wokwelashwa. Esikhathini sokuqeqeshwa, izinga le-cholesterol liyancipha futhi umzimba wegazi uhamba ngokushesha, futhi izicubu zigcwele ngokweqile nge-oxygen.