I-Dyslexia - iyini, abantu abadumile abane-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia - iyini: ukugula, ukunganaki okufundiswayo noma isici semisebenzi yezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho? Esimeni ngasinye, i-dyslexia iyedwa - odokotela bakholelwa. Ngokwezibalo, kubafana abahlanu abahlukunyezwayo, kukhona intombazane engu-1. Phakathi kwama-dyslexics angakwesokunxele ngaphezu kwalabo abanesandla esifanele.

I-Dyslexia - iyini?

Ukuhlukunyezwa kokuqaphela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene, izimpawu, ngakho-ke, ukuvela kwinkimbinkimbi ekuqondeni - njengoba kuboniswe ngukuthi i- dyslexia, kwisiqondiso semithi yezokwelapha emhlabeni jikelele we-ICD - 10. Igama elithi "dyslexia" lomsuka wesiGreki lasendulo ukuhlukumeza , inkulumo - inkulumo. Ama-Dyslexics ngabantu abathola kunzima ukufunda amakhono okufunda, ukubhala. I-dyslexia yembula kubantu abadala iwuphawu lokunganaki okwanele ekulungiseni ukukhubazeka ebuntwaneni.

Izimbangela ze-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia ivela kokubili kubantu abanesisindo esanele sokwaziswa (kuze kufike ku-5%), futhi ngezici zokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo (25-50%). Izindlela zokuhlukumeza i-dyslexia azicaci ngokuphelele ochwepheshe, kodwa indima ebalulekile lapho kwenzeka khona iyingxenye yefa noma izakhi zofuzo eziphazamisayo (kuma-70% wamacala). Okubalulekile kunezinye izimbangela ze-dyslexia:

• izici ze-neurobiological - umsebenzi kanye nobukhulu be-gyrus esesobunxele besikhathi esisekhohlo buyancipha kakhulu;
• ukwephulwa kokulingana phakathi kwama-hemispheres;
• uhlobo lokucabanga olufanele;
• ukukhulelwa okunzima yizifo (rubella, i-herpes, isingqimba) noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ukubhema, utshwala, izidakamizwa);
• ukungavamile kwemisebenzi: isifo se-fetal asphyxia, i-detachment ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-placenta;
• ukuhlukunyezwa, izifo ezinzima (i-meningitis);
• izici zenhlalo: i-isolation syndrome, ukwehluleka kokuxhumana , umndeni ongathokozi, ukunganakekelwa kokufundisa noma ukuqeqeshwa ngokweqile kwemithwalo.

I-Dyslexia - izimpawu

Ukuxilongwa kwe-dyslexia kungabangela ubunzima futhi kube yisimiso esivumelanayo sokukhathazeka okungathí sina. Bazali, othisha bangaqaphela ubunzima obukhethekile bomntwana ekuqeqesheni, okuyinto yokuvakashela ochwepheshe. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukulalela: izinga jikelele lobuhlakani lihambisana nesimiso seminyaka yobudala. Izimpawu zedaylexia:

• ubunzima ekufundeni izinhlamvu;
• izincwadi, amagama, izinombolo - bona ngokuhlukile;
• lag ngokubhala, ukufunda;
• amaphutha ekungeneni kwe-soundproofing;
• inkumbulo embi ngamagama, izinombolo, funda nje umbhalo;
• Ukufunda umbhalo uhambe kancane ngezinyathelo ezinkulu nokuvumela izinhlamvu, ama-syllables ngamazwi;
• Izibalo zezibalo zimelela ubunzima;
• ukuqaphela okungekho emthethweni kwezinhlamvu ezinikeza imisindo efanayo;
• ukufunda umzila wokuqala wombhalo kungalungile, kodwa ngomugqa olandelayo umqondo ulahlekile;
• ikhono eliphakeme lomzwelo (ukucasuka, intukuthelo);
• ekukhuleni: kunzima ukuveza imicabango, ukungakwazi ukukhumbula imizila, izinsuku;
• ukuphulwa kwendawo nokuma endaweni ephezulu: phezulu-ngezansi, kwesokudla-kwesokunxele - izigaba ezingafani neze.

Izinhlobo ze-dyslexia

I-symptomatology ebonakalayo ayisho neze ukuba khona kwazo zonke izibonakaliso, kanti izimpawu zithembele, okokuqala, ngohlobo lwesifo. Ochwepheshe baqaphela lezi zindlela ezilandelayo ze-dyslexia:

1. I-dyslexia ye-Agrammatical - ebonakala ngenkulumo engaphili kahle, ukwakhiwa kwesigama semisho: izikhathi, amacala, ukuphetha akuvunyelwanga ngokungafanele: "Ngifuna ukuya emgwaqeni," "motley cat."
2. I-phonemic (acoustic) i-dyslexia iyona evamile phakathi kwabafundi abasebancane. Kukhona ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinhlamvu zamagama, ingxube yezinhlamvu kwesici esisodwa esihlukanisekayo emazwi afanayo nokuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo segama (com-lom-house, umngane womjikelezo, i-pine-pump, isondo lethu).
3. I-dyslexia engacacile - ngale fomu, kunenkinga ekunqumeni izinhlamvu kumsindo noma izwi elikhulunywayo.
4. I-dyslexia ye-Semantic - ukufunda akulula, kodwa "umshini" futhi igama ngalinye libonwa ngokwehlukanisa kulo lonke umbhalo futhi incazelo ye-dyslexic ayikwazi ukuchazwa.
5. I-dyslexia ebonakalayo - ibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene: ukushelela lapho ufunda eminye imigqa yetheksthi, isibuko sokufunda (kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele), ukungaboni kahle kwezinhlamvu eziqukethe izakhi ezifanayo, kodwa ngezindawo ezahlukene (I-N-P).
6. I-dyslexia ye-tactile ifana ne- dyslexia ebonakalayo, kodwa iyingqayizivele kuphela kubantu abayizimpumputhe. Uma ufunda izincwadi zeBraille, iminwe ishayela kwenye imigqa, ukudideka kwezinhlamvu ezinegama elifanayo.

I-Dyslexia ne-dysgraphia

I-Dyslexia yisifo esivame ukuhambisana nezinye izifo. Ukulahla ukwephulwa kwenkulumo ebhaliwe. Ngesikhathi ebhala umbhalo ngane, ama-syllables ahlelwa kabusha, izinhlamvu zilotshwe esibukweni sesibuko. Umbhalo obhaliwe ugcwele amaphutha, ukungabikho kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu kanye nezimpawu zokubhala. I-Dysgraphia ingaba yinkinga yokuzimela, ingqondo ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanye ne-dyslexia igcinwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-dyslexia

Izindlela eziqondile zokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ze-dyslexia azikho. Ekuqaleni ukukhathazeka kubonakala, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kakhulu ingenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwengane. Ukulungiswa kwesifo se-dyslexia kwenziwa ngophilisi wezinkulumo, futhi ngezifo ezihambisanayo, isifo sezinzwa zegazi, isifo sengqondo, ophthalmologist axhunyiwe. Uhlelo lokulungiswa luhlanganisa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• ukusebenza nge-soundproofing;
• ekwakhekeni kwezinhlelo zesigama;
• ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo yokuhlola nokubona ;
• ekuhlanganisweni kwezithombe ezibukwayo nezomsindo.

Abantu abadumile abane-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia - isifo sobuciko, kunombono phakathi kwabanye ochwepheshe - umuntu angaqiniseka ngalokhu ngokutadisha ukulandelana kwabantu abadumile abanenkinga, engazange iwavimbele ukuba baphumelele, ukuba athandwe kulo msebenzi kanye nezintandokazi zomphakathi. I-Dyslexia phakathi kwabantu abadumile abaye banqoba izinkimbinkimbi zabo, futhi bakhonza njengesibonelo esihle kakhulu, ukuthi akufanele aphelelwe ithemba ngabanye:

1. UVladimir Mayakovsky - umbongi owaziwayo waseSoviet onzima ukufunda, "wayengavumelani" ngezimpendulo.
2. U-Keanu Reeves - esemncane, waxoshwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi wayengakwazi ukufunda kahle, izingane ezifunda nazo zibiza ngokuthi uyisiphukuphuku.
3. UQuentin Tarantino - umqondisi onobudlova futhi ongenakunyakazi nomlingisi, wayehlushwa yizontanga, emfundisa ukuthi wanikezwa ngobunzima.
4. UCher - esikoleni wabhekana nezinkinga ekufundeni, ekubhaleni nasebunzima ekuhlukaniseni izibalo 6-9.
5. UKeira Knightley - isifo sifundisa umlingisi ukuzimela nokubekezela ekunqobeni izinkinga.

I-Dyslexia - izincwadi

I-Dyslexia - iyini nokuthi ikukhipha kanjani i-dyslexia kumuntu omdala uqobo. Yonke le mibuzo iphakanyiswa ezincwadini zokudabuka:

1. Isipho seDyslexia ngu R. R. Davis
2. "Isipho sokuFunda" R. Davis
3. "Ukulungisa i-agramatic dyslexia" E. Mazanova
4. "Dyslexia noma Kungani ..." T. Voronina
5. "Dyslexia yobuchopho. Ngaphandle kwe "T. Goguadze" eyaziwayo