Enye yezinkomba zempilo yabantu yileveli ye-cholesterol emzimbeni. Phakathi nenkambo yokuphila, le nkhomba iyashintsha, ngakho-ke isikhathi ngasinye, kunezindinganiso ezamukelekayo. Umuntu omdala oba ngumuntu, kuba yisidingo sokuqapha le nkhomba bese uzama ukungavumeli ukunyuka kwalo.
I-cholesterol enhle neyingozi - iyini?
Kuze kube yamuva, kwaba nombono wokuthi emzimbeni womuntu inani le-cholesterol kufanele libe liphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngoba i-cholesterol iyingxenye yezingqamuzana zamangqamuzana nezicubu. Ikhiqizwa ngumzimba futhi isetshenziselwa ukwakha amanye ama-hormone, ama-acids, ukwakha amangqamuzana amasha, ukuhlanganisa i-vitamin D.
I-cholesterol ingaba yimihlobo emibili: ukuphakama okukhulu nokuphansi. Ngezempilo yomuntu, i-cholesterol encane kakhulu iyingozi, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi "kubi." I-cholesterol enhle neyimbi ihlangene ndawonye, uma nje inesilinganiso esifanele. Nge-saturation ephezulu ye-cholesterol "engalungile" nokuhlushwa okuphansi "kokuhle" kunengozi yokuvimba imithwalo yegazi nokubonakala kwamapulethi a-atherosclerotic . Ngakho-ke, lapho kutholakala i-cholesterol ekuhlaziyeni kuzobonisa ukuthi kunjani nokuthi yikuphi uhlobo lwe-cholesterol ekhona.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol egazini kunqunywe umhlengikazi ukuze kunqume inani le-cholesterol kanye nekhwalithi yalo. Lokhu kuxilongwa kunconywa ngezinkinga zesifo senhliziyo, i-endocrine pathologies, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo somfutho wegazi, isifo sezinso, isibindi kanye nokuvimbela amadoda njalo ngonyaka, kusukela ngo-35, nakwabesifazane - kusukela eminyakeni engu-45. Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol:
- Ukuxilongwa okucacile: etholakalayo ekuzimele;
- hlola isamba se-cholesterol;
- ukuhlaziywa kwama-lipoprotein aphansi;
- ukuhlola i-triglycerides;
- ukuhlaziywa kwama-lipoprotein aphezulu;
- I-Lipidogram iyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi yokufundisa esibonisa izinga le-cholesterol, eliphakeme, eliphansi futhi eliphansi kakhulu lipoprotein, triglycerides.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol - ukulungiselela kanjani?
Ngokuba ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol egazini akudingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, kodwa ukuchithwa kwemininingwane ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuxilongwa kufanele kulandele izincomo ezinjalo:
- Usuku ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ukunciphisa inani lamafutha namafutha ekudleni kwakho, futhi ungaphuzi utshwala.
- Yazisa udokotela mayelana nemithi ethathwe.
- Usuku ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kudingekile ukunciphisa i-fiznagruzki futhi uzame ukugwema ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo nokucindezeleka.
- Ekuseni ngaphambi kokuthatha igazi awukwazi ukubhema.
- Igazi lizinikela ngesisu esingenalutho ekuseni.
- Isidlo sokugcina senziwa kangcono amahora angu-12 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kodwa akusiluleka ukulamba amahora angaba ngu-16.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe igazi, kufanele uhlale ngokuthula cishe imizuzu engu-15-20.
Ungathatha kanjani ukuhlaziywa kwe-cholesterol?
Ukuze unqume isimo se-lipid sesiguli, ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwe-cholesterol kuvame ukushiwo. Isivivinyo senziwa ebhokisithrikhi futhi sihilela ukuxilongwa kwegazi elibizayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kungathathwa inyanga eyodwa emva kokuyeka imithi eyanciphisa i-cholesterol. Ukuze imiphumela yokuxilongwa ibe yithembekile, indlela yokuphila evamile kufanele iqhutshwe ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuhlolwa, nokho, ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kunconywa ukuthi iseluleko esichazwe ngenhla kufanele sicatshangelwe.
I-cholesterol - evamile kubantu besifazane
Umkhuba we-cholesterol ngeminyaka ingahlukahluka ezincwadini ezahlukene zokubhekisela, ezihlobene nezici zalawo maqembu lapho izifundo zaqhutshwa khona. Itafula lezimiso ze-cholesterol ayibonisi nje kuphela imigomo ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi inani elivumelekile le-cholesterol "elungile" nelithi "elibi". Isimiso esamukelekayo se-cholesterol egazini labesifazane sizoboniswa mmol / l noma mg / dL.
Ema laboratories ahlukene idatha ingahlukahluka, kodwa zonke izinkomba ziphakeme kune-5.2 mmol / l, zidinga ukuxilongwa okungeziwe - lipidograms. Kokubili i-cholesterol ephakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephansi kubo bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala ingabonisa ukuthi kunezinqubo ezibuhlungu ezingapheli emzimbeni. Lezi zinkinga zivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukucacisa imbangela yezinguquko ezingeni le-cholesterol futhi sibonise ingozi yentuthuko yezinguquko ze-atherosclerotic emzimbeni.
I-cholesterol yabesifazane emva kweminyaka engu-30
Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, bonke abantu bakhulisa inani le-cholesterol embi, okubangela ukubonakala kwamacwecwe e-atherosclerotic ezitsheni. Emadodeni le nqubo iyenzeka ngaphambili, ngakho-ke uma uneminyaka engama-30, izinkinga ezibangelwa yi-cholesterol zingabonakala. Uma kubantombazane abasebasha iningi le-cholesterol libhekwa ngaphansi kwemingcele ye-3,329 - 5,759 mmol / l, emva kweminyaka engama-30 umkhuba uphakama ube ngu-3,379-5969 mmol / l. I-cholesterol ye-HDL ("okuhle") i-0.93 - 1.99 mmol / L, ne-LDL yi-1.81-4.05 mmol / L.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35 emzimbeni, abesifazane baphila izinguquko zeminyaka yobudala ezithinta ukwanda kwe-cholesterol, okujwayelekile kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala. Izinga le-progesterone lihlala liphakeme kakhulu, elisiza ukugcina i-cholesterol ngaphakathi kwemingcele evumelekile. Kulabo besifazane abaneminyaka engama-35-40, isimiso se-cholesterol egazini kufanele sigcinwe ngaphakathi kuka-3,63 - 6,379 mmol / l, i-HDL - 0,88-2,12, i-LDL 1,94-4,45. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala, abesifazane abasebenzisa ukukhulelwa kwe-hormonal, abahlukumeza ukubhema futhi bengadli kahle, basengozini.
Umkhuba we-cholesterol kubantu besifazane emva kweminyaka engama-40
Kulabo besifazane abaye bawela eminyakeni eyishumi, izinqubo ze-metabolic zinciphisa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ezocansi kuyaqala ukwehla, okwenza ukwanda okwezinga le-cholesterol. Imikhuba emibi, ukudla okungalingani kahle, isifo sikashukela, isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo sofuzo yizimbangela ezibangela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol egazini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sokuqina kwesifo sofuba.
I-cholesterol, okuyinto evamile kulokhu kudala ingashintsha kusuka ku-3.9 kuya ku-6.53 mmol / l, ikhuphuka ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezinsukwini zokuqala zomjikelezo wesimiso, izifo ezingapheli nezikhukhula, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo. Inani le "cholesterol" elihle lingama 0,88-2,87 mmol / l, futhi "kubi" - 1,92-4,51 mmol / l.
I-cholesterol - evamile kubantu besifazane emva kweminyaka engu-50
Umzimba wesifazane emva kweminyaka engama-50 uqala ukulungiselela ukukhipha esikhathini sokuqala: umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uqala ukulahleka, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyashesha, okwandisa ingozi yamapulethi a-atherosclerotic. Umkhuba we-cholesterol emva kweminyaka engama-50 kuze kube ngu-55 kwabesifazane kuyinto engu-4.20 - 7.38 mmol / l, i-HDL ye-cholesterol i-HDL ingafinyelela ku-0.96-2.38 2.28-5.21 mmol / L, ububanzi be-LDL kusuka ku-2.28 kuya ku-5.21 mmol / l.
I-cholesterol - isimiso esamukelekayo kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala kusukela eminyakeni engama-55 kuya kweyengu-60 - singashintsha ebangeni kusukela ku-4.45 kuya ku-7.77 mmol / l. Kule mali, i-HDL ye-cholesterol ingaba yi-0.96-2.5 mmol / L, futhi i-LDL - 2.32-5.44 mmol / L. Lezi zimiso azisebenzi kubantu besifazane abanesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela. Leli qembu labantu kufanele lizame ukuba nezinga eliphansi le-cholesterol.
Umkhuba we-cholesterol kubantu besifazane emva kweminyaka engama-60
Izinguquko ze-physiological and hormonal emzimbeni emva kweminyaka engama-60 ziholela ukwanda okusheshayo ezingeni le-cholesterol. Kwabesifazane, i-cholesterol yegazi eminyakeni engama-60 i-4.45-7.69 mmol / l. Kulawa, i-HDL ye-cholesterol ifika ku-2.4 mmol / L, futhi i-LDL - ayikho ngaphezu kwama-5.7 mmol / l. Le cholesterol iyinhlangano evamile kubantu besifazane ngokweminyaka yobudala, nakuba lezi zinkomba ziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nobudala besilisa. Kule minyaka yobudala kubalulekile ukucubungula izinga le-cholesterol emzimbeni bese ulandela iseluleko sikadokotela ukuze uyinciphise.
Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kwabesifazane
I-cholesterol ephakanyisiwe itholakala ku-25-30% yabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omdala owesifazane, i-cholesterol ephakeme kakhulu-evamile kubafazi abaneminyaka yobudala, futhi iphakamisa ingozi ye-atherosclerosis. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50, i-cholesterol ihlehliswa ngokweqile, ehlobene nokuwohloka kwesimo somzimba womzimba. Ukwandisa izinga le-cholesterol cishe alinamthelela enhlalakahleni, ngakho-ke abesifazane abavami ukuya kudokotela ukuze bathole izinga lempahla emzimbeni. Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kokuvimbela ukuthola ukunqwabelana kwegazi ye-cholesterol , kuyadingeka ngokuhlelekile kanye ngonyaka, kuqala ngeminyaka engu-45.
I-cholesterol ephakanyisiwe - izimbangela
Ngokuvamile, i-cholesterol ephezulu - evamile kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala. Futhi omdala le nkosikazi, ukuthembeka ngokwengeziwe ithebula lejwayelekile liba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cholesterol ephezulu iwumphumela wokudla okungenamsoco, izinkinga nezinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba kanye nezinguquko ze-hormonal. Kulokhu, amanani we-cholesterol azohlala ephakeme njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi izibalo eziphakeme zingase zivele okwesikhashana. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ezinsukwini zokuqala zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, ngokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungancipha kanjani i-cholesterol egazini, kudingeka ucabange ngezizathu zokwanda kwawo. Izizathu ezenza ukwanda kwenani le-cholesterol kungaba:
- imikhuba emibi, ikakhulukazi - utshwala;
- ukungabi nokusebenza ngokomzimba;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus ;
- isifo sofuba esingapheli;
- Izifo zegciwane le-thyroid ;
- ukukhuluphala;
- isifo sezinso.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-cholesterol?
Ukuze ugweme ukubunjwa kwamapulethi angama-atherosclerotic, inani le-cholesterol kufanele ligcinwe ngezimiso ezamukelekayo. Ngezinombolo eziphezulu ze-cholesterol "engalungile," ungasebenzisa izincomo ezifana ne-cholesterol ephansi:
- Yidla i- fibre engaphezulu, esiza ukuqeda i-cholesterol eyengeziwe. Itholakala kuyo yonke imifino nezithelo, imbewu, bran, izinhlamvu ezigcwele.
- Kuwusizo ukuphuza ama-juice asanda kufakwa, ikakhulukazi apula, i-orange, i-grapefruit, isithombo sebhitrudi, isanqante.
- Ukudla kufanele kube izikhathi ezingu-5 ngosuku futhi kufanele kube ngesikhathi esifanayo.
- Kufanele ukwandise umsebenzi womzimba.
- Kumelwe sizame ukugwema ukucindezeleka okukhulu nokukhathazeka.
- Kufanele ulawule isisindo sakho.
- Kubalulekile ukuqeda imikhuba emibi.
I-cholesterol encishisiwe egazini
Mayelana ne-cholesterol ivame ukubhekwa njengento ewulimaza umzimba kuphela. Lo mbono awunembile ngokuphelele, ngoba i-cholesterol iyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba. Lesi sitho sitholakale embranini yeseli, kusiza ukukhiqizwa kwe-serotonin, isetshenziselwa izinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba, igcina ithoni ye-muscle. Amazinga okwanele e-cholesterol angabangela izinkinga ezinjalo zomzimba nezingokwengqondo:
- izidakamizwa;
- ukubonakala kwesisindo esiningi;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela;
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini we-gland yegciwane;
- hypovitaminosis;
- i-osteoporosis ;
- isimo sangaphambili nesifo sohlangothi .
Ukunciphisa i-cholesterol egazini - imbangela
Ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo kwe-cholesterol kubonisa inkinga yezempilo noma ukudla okungafanele. Izimbangela ezivamile ze-cholesterol ephansi yizo:
- ukudla okunokulinganisela okuqukethe inani elincane lamafutha neshukela elidlulayo;
- i-anorexia, indlala yezokwelapha noma eyondlekile;
- isifo sesibindi;
- isimo eside esicindezelayo;
- Izifo zegciwane le-thyroid;
- ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia;
- uketshezi ngezinsimbi ezinzima;
- isifo sofuba, i-sepsis.
Indlela yokwandisa i-cholesterol?
I-cholesterol encishisiwe kulabo besifazane ingachazwa ngezizathu eziningana, ezibhalwe ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, ukulwa nale nkinga, kubalulekile ukuqala ukubona imbangela yayo. Emva kwalokhu, kuyisifiso sokugxila ekutheni ukudla nokudla:
- Kutuswa ukuba ushiye imikhuba emibi.
- Nika umzimba umzimba umsebenzi.
- Ukudla kufanele kufake ukudla okufanayo njengokukhula kwe-cholesterol: izithelo, imifino, amantongomane, imbewu, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, okusanhlamvu konke, ushizi, izilwane zasolwandle, amaqanda, ukudla okunamavithamini C.