I-alkaline phosphatase - ukuhlaziywa kuzokutshelani?

Cishe zonke izicubu zezitho zomuntu zinamaqembu enzyme - alkaline phosphatase. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu ku-placenta, amathambo amathambo, isibindi nesibindi. Umsebenzi owandayo we-phosphatase ungabonisa ukuthi kukhona izifo ezithile ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Kuyini i-alkaline phosphatase?

Ngokucabangela le nzyme ngokuningiliziwe, kubalulekile ukutshela mayelana nendima ye-alkaline phosphatase ku-metabolism yamafutha, okudinga isikhala se-alkali, ngakho-ke igama le-enzyme. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-enzyme, kuye ngokuthi indawo yayo:

• i-phophatase ye-hepatic (ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kubantu abadala);
• ithambo (eliphakeme kakhulu ezinganeni);
• i-placental (ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe);
• i-alkaline phosphatase yamathumbu;
• ukuqhwaba (le alkali phosphatase egazini ayigcinwa, ngoba ayifaki ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo).

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-alkaline phosphatase

Ezimweni eziningana kanye nokuvela kwezinye izimpawu, i-assay inqunywe, i-alkaline phosphatase lapho ingakhula khona noma iyancipha, okuzoholela eziphethweni ezifanele. Nika lokhu kuhlaziywa:

1. Ukuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesampuli sebindi .
2. Ukulawula izifo zethambo ngenkathi ukwelashwa.
3. Uma isiguli sithatha imithi ekhuthaza ukubukeka kwe-cholestasis (ukunqwabelana kwe-bile, ukwephulwa kokukhiqizwa kwayo kanye nokwenyuka).
4. Uma kukhona ukubonakala kwezibonakaliso ezinjalo: ukucwenga, ukuchithwa kwemfucuza, umchamo omnyama, ukuhlanza, i-jaundice, ukulahlekelwa amandla nokunciphisa ngokushesha.

Yini i-alkaline phosphatase ekhombisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi?

Umbuzo wokuthi iyiphi i-alkaline phosphatase ebonisa ukuthi inesithakazelo kulabo abangajwayelene nalomqondo noma abaqhuba ukuhlolwa okokuqala. Izinga le-enzyme lihlelwe kaningi ukutholakala kwezifo zamathambo, i-biliary tract nesibindi. Ukwandiswa kwe-alkaline phosphatase nakho kungakhuluma ngokutholakala kwezifo eziyingozi kakhulu: i-oncology ye-testis, i-lymphogranulomatosis noma ama-formations amahle ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, kunamacala amaningi lapho ukuhlaziywa neziphetho ezisekelwe emiphumeleni etholakalayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucabangela ezinye izici.

1. Ngokuntuleka kwe-zinc ekudleni, ukuhlushwa kwe-enzyme kungakhula, ngoba lesi sici siyingxenye ye-phosphatase.
2. Ukuqhuba ukuhlaziywa kwezingane ukuhlonza izinkinga nge-excretion ye-bile akusizi ngalutho, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, i-test for 5'-nucleotidase inqunywe.
3. Ukuze ulawule, ukuhlaziywa kwe-phosphatase akumele kwenziwe okungaphezu kwesonto ngesonto, ngenxa yokususwa kwalo egazini ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4.
4. Isizathu sokukhuphuka kwabantu asebekhulile ukwehla kwamathambo.
5. Ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwabanikazi bamaqembu egazi lokuqala neyesithathu, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izinga le-phosphatase emathunjini lingakhuphuka emva kokuthatha ukudla okunamafutha, ngakho-ke, isampula legazi kufanele lenziwe ngesisu esingenalutho.

I-alkaline phosphatase - iyinto evamile

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-phosphatase yama-alkaline equkethe igazi, okujwayelekile kubantu besifazane, amadoda nabantwana - kuhlukile. Okuqukethwe kwe-enzyme akuxhomekile kuphela kwezocansi, kodwa futhi nangeminyaka yobudala, okudingeka futhi kuthathwe ngokucabangela. Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-16, izinga lokuhlushwa kwe-alkaline phosphatase lihlala liphakeme kakhulu, futhi emva kwalesi sikhathi liqala ukwehla. Abesifazane banesimo esilandelayo:

• kuze kube yiminyaka engu-17 - ubuncane: amayunithi angu-46 ngetitha; Isikhulu: 119 U / l;
• kusukela eminyakeni engu-17 kuya kwezingu-45 - ubuncane be: amayunithi angu-32 / l; esiphezulu: amayunithi angu-100 ngalinye ilitha;
• kusuka eminyakeni engu-45 kuya kwengu-55 - ubuncane: amayunithi angu-35 / l; esiphezulu: 115 U / l;
• kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70 - okujwayelekile kungamayunithi angu-135 / litre;
• emva kweminyaka engama-70, isiqalo singamayunithi angu-165 / litre.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani lesi sibonakaliso singandisa kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yokuba khona kwezifo:

• ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane;
• esikhathini se-HS;
• phambi kwe-avitaminosis;
• ngenxa yokungondleki;
• ngenxa yokuzikhandla ngokomzimba.

Emadodeni, le nkomba isilinganiso esiphezulu kunesifazana ngamayunithi angu-20-25 / l, futhi nangeminyaka yobudala, njengabesifazane abaphuma. Umkhuba we-alkaline phosphatase egazini lamadoda:

• kusukela eminyakeni engu-17 kuya kwengu-30 - kuze kufike amayunithi angu-100 / ilitha;
• kusukela eminyakeni engama-30 ukuya kwezingama-45 - ama-unit / litre angu-120;
• kusukela eminyakeni engama-46 kuya kwengu-64 - kuze kube ngu-130 amayunithi / litre;
• kusukela eminyakeni engu-55 kuya kweyengu-70 - kuze kufike ku-145 amayunithi ngehora;
• kusukela eminyakeni engu-70 - kuze kufike ku-190 amayunithi / litre.

Ezinganeni ezincane, ukuhlushwa kwe-enzyme kuphakeme kunabantu abadala futhi akuxhomeki ocansini. Ekukhuleni, lo mthelela uyabonakala ngenxa yenkambo ehlukahlukene yezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni. Ngakho, evamile ezinganeni nasebancane:

• ezinsana nasemasontweni amabili okuqala okuphila: amayunithi angu-83 kuya kwangu-248 / l;
• kusuka emavikini amabili kuya ngonyaka: amayunithi angu 122 - 469 / l;
• kusukela eminyakeni engu-10 ukuya kwengu-13: amayunithi angu 129- 417 / litre.

I-alkaline phosphatase yanda - isho ukuthini?

Yini engayisho uma i-alkaline phosphatase ikhuphuka, udinga ukwazi ukusiza onguchwepheshe ekuxilongweni okufanele futhi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Izizathu zokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-alkaline phosphatase kuzosiza ekuqondeni hhayi kuphela imbangela yokubonakala kwezimpawu ezingathandeki, kodwa futhi ukuveza ukutholakala kwezifo ezinefomu elilindile. Lokhu kuzoshisa ochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kakhulu.

I-alkaline phosphatase yanda - izimbangela

Lapho echaza izizathu zokwanda kwe-alkaline phosphatase, amaqembu ajwayelekile kakhulu kufanele abonakale, okuqala okuhlobene nokungajwayelekile ebindi nesibindi se-bile:

• amatshe emidayeni ye-bile;
• i-cholestasis;
• i-pathology yesibindi, engenzeka ngenxa yobuthi obuyingozi futhi uma uthola imithi;
• i-cholangitis eyinhloko;
• umdlavuza wesibindi;
• isifo sofuba (i-autoimmune ne-viral);
• i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo;
• i-jaundice (kaningi kulabo besifazane abathatha i-CCD ne-progesterone ne-estrogen okuqukethwe).

Izinguquko ezincane ezithandweni zamathambo, lapho i-alkaline phosphatase ikhula khona:

• Isifo se-Paget (ukwehlisa amathambo, ukuguqulwa kwazo nokukhubeka);
• ukwandiswa kwezinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwezinkinga;
• Ukunciphisa amathambo (ama-calcium usawoti, amavithamini kanye ne-phosphoric acid alahlekile, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni nasekutheni ukuthambisa amathambo);
• I-osteosarcoma kanye ne-metastases bangene emathisheni amathambo.

Ezinye izifo kanye nezimbangela uma ukwanda kwe-alkali phosphatase egazini, kungahlotshaniswa nezinqubo ezimbi zempilo kanye nezifo:

• ukwelashwa komuthi wamathunjini;
• i-infarction ye-myocardial;
• isifo se-endocrine esiphathelene nokuphefumula kwe-phosphoric metabolism kanye ne-calcium metabolism - hyperparathyroidism;
• ukukhulelwa;
• ukuphuza utshwala;
• ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezinomthelela we-hepatotoxic.

I-alkaline phosphatase yanda - yini okufanele ngiyenze?

Uma izivivinyo zirekhodiwe ukwanda kwe-alkaline phosphatase, into yokuqala okudingekile ukuqeda imbangela ebangela ukuthi lokhu kugxumeke. Isibonelo, ngezifo zesibindi ukubuyisela imisebenzi yayo, misela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hepatoprotector bese upende ukudla okunembile. Zonke izinyathelo ezithathwe kufanele zibekwe udokotela futhi zenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe.

I-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha - kusho ukuthini?

Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi i-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi isifo esiyingozi sikhula emzimbeni. Ukuze uphumelele kahle ukuhlolwa, ezinye izivivinyo azanele futhi uzodinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwalabachwepheshe:

• i-hematologist;
• Udokotela ohlinzayo;
• ochwepheshe ngezifo ezithathelwanayo;
• i-gastroenterologist;
• udokotela jikelele.

I-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha - imbangela

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwehla kwe-alkaline phosphatase kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• i-anemia ngesimo esibi;
• ukuntuleka okukhulu emzimbeni we-magnesium ne-zinc;
• isifo sofuzo se-achondroplasia (ukungathuthuki kwamathambo, okubangela ukushayeka);
• ukumpontshelwa kwegazi elikhulu;
• ukuntuleka kwamavithamini B no-C;
• ukungakwazi kahle kwamapayipi;
• ukubola ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaprotheni ekudleni - kwashiorkor;
• hypothyroidism (izinga eliphansi lokukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-thyroid);
• i-cretinism;
• sc yedwa;
• i-hypophosphatase (ukwephulwa okuyingozi kokuncipha kwamathambo amathambo).

I-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha - yini okufanele uyenze?

Uma ukuhlaziywa kubonisa ukuthi i-alkaline phosphatase ephansi, kuyingozi ukuthola imbangela ngokwakho, ngakho-ke udinga ukuxhumana ngokushesha nochwepheshe. Okokuqala, kungaba umelaphi ozobona ukuthi isazi sephrofayili esincane kufanele siqhubeke kanjani. Ngemva kokudinga ukuhlolwa okungeziwe, udokotela kufanele athole imbangela ye-concentration encane ye-AP futhi anikeze ukwelashwa noma ayithumele kongcweti emkhakheni wesifo esitholiwe.

I-alkaline phosphatase ekukhulelwe

Phakathi nesikhathi sokubeletha, izinga le-alkaline phosphatase lingase liphakeme ngaphandle kokutholakala kwezifo ezenza ukuba iqhume ezingeni le-enzyme egazini. Konke mayelana nokubunjwa kwe-placenta, lapho, njengoba kuyaziwa kahle, i-enzyme ephezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi ukhulelwe ukuqapha njalo ushintsho ezingeni lika-alkaline phosphatase, ukuze ungalokothi ukhohlwe umzuzu lapho ukwanda noma ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-enzyme kubonisa izinkinga zempilo.

Ukukhulisa izinga, njengoba sesibonile kakade, kungabonisa izinkinga ngesibindi ne-bile ducts, i-pancreas, isistimu yethambo. Uma i-alkaline phosphatase iyancipha, khona-ke lokhu kungase kubangele ukuthuthukiswa okuphansi kwamapayipi noma ubuthakathaka bayo, okungabangela ukuthi lesi sihloko sigcine ukukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba i-placenta esimweni esinjalo asikwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-fetus nazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo.