Cishe bonke abantu emhlabeni bayabhekana nezifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula noma izifo zokuphefumula eziyingozi njalo ngonyaka - umkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane uthatha isidumbu esenzweni izinsuku ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-8, okubangela izinkinga uma kwenzeka ukwelashwa okungenakekelwa. Cabanga ngezidakamizwa zemithi ezibekiwe ku-ARVI.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ngokuvamile, amaphilisi emakhaza kanye nomkhuhlane angabizwa ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- Ama-immunostimulants - amavithamini, futhi ikakhulukazi i-ascorbic acid (i-vitamin C), ukulinganisa okuphezulu okusiza ukugeleza kwe-ARVI.
- Ama-antiviral - amaphilisi, asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni umkhuhlane nemifudlana, kodwa futhi esigabeni sokugula banomthelela omubi kuma-infectious agents.
- Amalungiselelo okwelashwa okuyisisekelo nesifo - antipyretic, expectorant, vasoconstrictive (amaconsi emisipha), njll.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, naphezu kwemizamo yabososayensi, isayensi ayizange ithuthuke empini yokulwa nama-virus kuze kube sekulwa nama-bacteria, ngakho-ke ayikho iphilisi ecacile ngokumelene nomkhuhlane kanye ne-ARVI okwamanje. Noma kunjalo, izidakamizwa ze-antiviral zisanda kuphuthuma inqubo yokuthola isimo, nakuba izinga eliyinhloko ekwelapheni kwemikhuhlane livame ukwenziwa ukwelashwa kwesifo.
Imithi yama-antiretroviral
Enye yezinhlobo zezidakamizwa okuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi yi-neuraminidase inhibitors: ukuvumela ukuthi igciwane lisakaze emzimbeni, kunciphise ubunzima bezimpawu futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yezinkinga.
I-Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - qala ukuthatha ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala zesifo. Ukuqapha kunikezwa abantu abanokukhubazeka okusebenzayo.
I-Zanamivir - ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa nama-inhalants nama-bronchodilators (i-sprays evela ku-asthma). Lezi pilisi ezibhekene nomkhuhlane zingabangela ukucasuka ku-nasopharynx ngisho ne-bronchospasm.
I-Oseltamivir ne-Zanamivir iphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene namagciwane e-influenza A ne-B, kepha amanye ama-SARS awayesabi. Ukubamba ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela kuyingozi - ngaphezu kwezibonelelo ezibalwe, amaphilisi anezimo eziningana.
I-blockers ye-protein ye-viral M2
Esinye isigaba sama-antiviral ama-block block, ahlanganisa i-Rimantadine ne-Amantadine (kanye nezifanekiselo zawo). Amaphilisi anjalo ayasiza ekubhekaneni negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, nakuba kunezinkinga eziningi ezingamelana nazo kakade. Amalungiselelo abhekwa njengobuthi obuyingozi futhi angasebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kancane kancane.
Ngezinye izikhathi bayala i-ribavirin - futhi baphatha i-hepatitis ne-herpes, kodwa lesi sidakamizwa sinolwazi olubanzi kakhulu lwemiphumela emibi kanye nokuphikisana, futhi abacwaningi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ingozi yokuyithatha idlula izinzuzo ezingenzeka.
Interferon Inductors
Odokotela abanethemba elikhulu kunazo zonke babeka amaphilisi ngokumelene nomkhuhlane nemifudlana esekelwe i-interferon (i-IFN) - ihlangene namanye ama-agent antiviral, ekhulisa umphumela wayo. Ngokushesha uma uqala ukuthatha lezi zidakamizwa, umphumela uzoba ngaphezulu.
Ngokuvamile, i-interferon iyiqembu lama-protein aqukethe umzimba ngokuphendula ukuhlasela kwegciwane. Izindleko ze-IFN zishukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwala maprotheni futhi zivimbela umsebenzi we-agent ephathekayo:
- Amiksin (noma i-tilorone);
- Kagocel;
- Amizon;
- I-Arbidol;
- I-Grogrinosine;
- I-Cycloferon.
Amaphilisi afanayo afanelekile ekuvimbeleni umkhuhlane.
Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka emibili zishiwo i-immunoglobulin evamile, equkethe ama-anti-influenza antibodies.
Ukwelashwa okuphawulekayo
Ukulwa nomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane, imithi ehlolwe isikhathi ibuye isetshenziswe:
- Antipyretics - i-paracetamol, ibuprofen, i-aspirin (kuphela kubantu abadala); izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-38 ° C alithandeki.
- Izidakamizwa ze-vasoconstrictive zendawo - zehla emakhaleni asekelwe ku-xylometazoline, naphazoline, i-oxymetazoline (ayisebenzisi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-5).
- Amathebulethi we-resorption - afanelekile ezinkingeni ezinjalo zokuphefumula okubangelwa ukuphefumula kwamagciwane (hhayi umkhuhlane), njenge-tonsillitis, pharyngitis.
- Ama-Expectorants - Acetylcysteine, i-Ambroxol, i-Bromhexine, i-Carbocysteine; ukusiza ukulwa nokukhwehlela okukhiqizayo.
- Antitussive - Butamirate, Glaucine, Dextromethorphan, levodropropizin, i-Prenoxidiazine; ziboniswa ngokukhwehlela owomile kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, yimaphi amaphilisi avela kumkhuhlane nomkhuhlane asebenza kahle kakhulu, sibheke. Ngingathanda ukufakazela ukuthi kubalulekile ukufaka imithi ngamakhambi omuntu: isiphuzo esiningi, uju, i-jamu lokusajingijolo, i-citrus, i-wraps ne-fever, i-gargling-konke lokhu kunikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu, uvivinywa ngezizukulwane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.