Umkhuhlane wezinambuzane, owaziwa nangokuthi "isisu" kubantu abavamile, isifo esithathelwanayo. Lithinta kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Lezi zinsuku zivame ukugula ngendlela elula. Lesi sifo sihambisana nezimpawu eziveziwe. Uma kutholakala, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha: lokhu kuzosheshisa inqubo yokutakula.
Kuyini uketshezi lwamathumbu emathumbu?
Lesi sifo sesandulela ngculaza sicatshangelwa kakhulu. Ngokuvame ukuthi bangabantwana abagulayo abangaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, futhi eqenjini elengozini eyengeziwe yizingane ezondla ngokufakelwa. Ngokwezibalo, uneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, abantu abangu-90% egazini banamagciwane okulwa namathumbu omkhuhlane wamathumbu. Leli qiniso likhombisa ukuthi bonke babhekene nalesi sifo ngesikhathi esithile.
Okuyingozi kakhulu i-rotavirus umkhuhlane wamathumbu kulawo maqembu abantu ngabanye:
- labo abathatha i-glucocorticoids noma izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic;
- iziguli eziphilayo;
- Ukwelashwa nge-HIV;
- abesifazane esikhathini sokubeletha;
- abantu abafakwe kuzo izitho zangaphakathi;
- abantu ababhekene nezifo somatic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulelwa kwamathumbu yisifo esivame ukuhlasela abahambi. Ngenxa yokushintsha okubukhali endaweni yezulu kanye nokuguqula ekudleni okungavamile, amasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, izifo ezifuywayo zingakwazi ukukhiqiza emathunjini. Lesi sifo sithinteka kubantu asebekhulile, ngoba kule minyaka yobudala, kwandisa ukukhulelwa kwamagciwane, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukisa izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Umkhuhlane wamathumbu omzimba yi-agent causative
Lesi sifo sithukuthelelwa ama-agent abathuthuka ngenkuthalo emaqenjini e-epithelium wepheshana lokugaya. Ezimweni ezingu-90%, umkhuhlane wamathumbu ubangelwa yi-rotavirus. Kwatholakala okokuqala kuma-70s ekhulwini lokugcina emasethini e-epithelium yezingane, ezafa ngenxa ye-gastroenteritis enzima. I-virion yegciwane ifana nokuma kwesondo. Ngaphakathi i-molecule ye-RNA equkethe ulwazi oluthile. Ngaphandle, i-virion ihlanganiswe i-protein coat multilayered ne-receptors. Ngosizo lalezi amagciwane zibopha amaseli e-epithelium we-oropharynx nesisu. Bese bangene egazini.
Ema-10% asele amacala, isifo sofuba esiswini singashukunyiswa yizifo ezinjalo namabhaktheriya:
- i-salmonella ;
- i-adenovirus;
- i-shigella;
- i-norovirus;
- E. coli ;
- i-calicivirus.
Umkhuhlane wamathumbu ususwe kanjani?
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokutheleleka. Nakhu ukuthi i-rotavirus idluliselwa kanjani:
- ngezandla ezingcolile;
- kanye nokudla namanzi angcolile (igciwane alifi ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi lokushisa);
- ngamaconsi amathe;
- ngendwangu.
Igciwane liphikisana kakhulu nama-acid, ngakho lifinyelela kalula ku duodenum. Inhloso eyinhloko yalo mzimba wesimiso sokugaya umzimba yi-digestion ye-enzymatic yokudla kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane kunazo zonke ezingena egazini. Ubuso obungaphakathi bomathumbu buhlanganiswe ne-villi ehlanganiswe nama-enterocytes. Ukungena kulezi zingqamuzana ngaphakathi, igciwane lilahla imvilophu yayo. Emva kwalokho, uthumela ulwazi lwefa (RNA) engxenyeni yeselula "ethathwe". Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwazo zonke izinqubo eziqhubekayo, futhi esikhathini esizayo - ukuphulwa kwebhubhane nokufa kwe-enterocyte.
Ngesimo esifanayo, ukutheleleka nokufa kwamangqamuzana angomakhelwane kwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukudla okungena emathunjini kweka ukugaya ngendlela evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba segciwane lokugaya, ama-disaccharides aqoqa, adonse usawoti namanzi. Yonke le ingxube isuswe emzimbeni, okuholela ekudambiseni amanzi emzimbeni: umuntu uzizwa ephukile.
Isikhathi sokukhukhumeza kwamathumbu emathunjini
Lesi sikhashana sisuka ngesikhathi ummeli engena emzimbeni ekuboniseni izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Ngokuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi esivumelekile. I-rotavirus incubation isikhathi esifushane: kaningi kaningi kuhlala amahora angu-24-48. Emva kwalokhu, kufika isigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi, ubude bayo buhluka kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-7. Isigaba sokubuyisela sithatha izinsuku ezingu-4-5.
Kungakanani umkhuhlane wamathumbu?
Lesi sifo sesandulela ngculaza sicatshangwa kakhulu. Ama-agent aphikisana kakhulu nemvelo yangaphandle, eyandisa isimo. I-disinfectant ephumelela kunazo zonke isisombululo se-ethanol se-70%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-agent abhubha ngenkathi abilayo. Nansi ukuthi i-rotavirus iyasakazwa kangakanani (uma kungenjalo ukwenza ukwelapha i-disinfecting):
- esikhunjeni sezandla - amahora angaba ngu-4;
- endaweni yangaphandle (kumathoyizi, izinto zasendlini, emoyeni) - amasonto 2-3.
Izimpawu zokukhulelwa kwamathumbu
Isithombe sesitholampilo singase senze kancane ngokuya ngesiteji sesifo. Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpawu ze-rotavirus zimi kanje:
- ukushisa komzimba ngaphezu kwama-38 °, kuhambisane nama-chills kanye nomkhuhlane;
- ikhanda;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukumnyama komchamo;
- isifo sohudo esibi kakhulu (izikhathi ezingaba ngu-20 ngosuku);
- ukucaciswa kwamanzi, izintambo zegazi kungenzeka zibe khona;
- Ukushushiswa emqaleni;
- ukukhwehlela owomile;
- ubuhlungu uma ugwinya.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva isimo siyanda. Ngaleso sikhathi futhi wanezela izibonakaliso ezinjalo ze-rotavirus:
- ukucindezela kwehla;
- isikhumba siyabaleka;
- ukwehla okubonakalayo kwesisindo somzimba kubonakala;
- ukungavumi kwe-lactose kungase kwenzeke.
I-Rotavirus test
Ngokushesha lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zentsholongwane emathunjini ziqala ukuvela, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha (ikakhulukazi uma ingane igula, ukhulelwe noma umuntu ophethwe yi-immunodeficiency). Okokuqala, udokotela uzozihlola ngokucophelela isiguli, bese esitusa kuye ukuba enze uhlolo lwe-rotavirus, okuyinto okufundwayo okufundayo kuyisithombo. Umphumela omuhle owutholile ukhombisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwaqinisekiswa. Njengesivivinyo esengeziwe, udokotela angancoma ukuthi athathe ukuhlolwa okunjalo:
- igazi - uma isiguli sinomkhuhlane wamathumbu, umphumela uzobonisa okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwama-leukocyte;
- umchamo - ungatholakala amaprotheni, ama-hyaline cylinders, i-erythrocytes nama-leukocytes.
I-Rotavirus - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinesifo lesi sibonakaliso. Kuze kube manje, akekho umuthi olwa ngqo nale gciwane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, udokotela ubeka imithi, ecabangela isimo jikelele sesiguli. Uyakwazi ukwelapha i-rotavirus, ukuze lesi sifo siphume ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuba sisebenzise ngokuqinile izincomo zayo. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kufanele kube okuphelele. Ihlanganisa izinkomba ezinjalo:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesiguli nokuhlinzekwa kokuphumula kombhede;
- Ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi-electrolyte balance;
- ukuqeda ukudakwa;
- ukuqinisa ukuzivikela ;
- ukudla okwelashwa;
- ukuqeda ukuvuvukala.
Imithi yoketshezi lwamathumbu emathumbu
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuleso simo ngasinye kungashintsha, ngoba kuxhomeke ngqo kwizici zenkambo yesifo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenzwe umkhuhlane wamathumbu, udokotela uphinde athole isiguli ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ngokuvamile lapho ukwelashwa kunikwe imithi enjalo:
- ama- sorbents (i-Enterosgel, i-Smecta, i-activated carbon);
- ama-probiotic amalungiselelo (Hilak Forte, Bifiform, Bifidumbacterin Forte);
- ama-enzymes okudla (Pancreatin, Creon);
- izixazululo ze electrolytes ( Regidron , Trisol, Lactasol);
- i-antipyretics (i-Nurofen, elandelayo), kodwa uma i-rotavirus ingenawo ukushisa imithi enjalo ayimisiwe;
- izidakamizwa eziphikisanayo (iSinekod, i-Bromheksin, iBronholitin);
- ama-antispasmodics (Akukho-spa, i-Spasmalgon);
- ama-immunostimulants (Cycloferon, Kagocel, Cytovir).
I-rotavirus - ukudla
Ukuze lesi sifo siphume ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, isiguli kumele sidle kahle. Kusukela ekudleni udinga ukukhipha lokho kudla:
- ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi oluvuthayo;
- amaswidi;
- ufulawa;
- inyama enenhlanzi nenhlanzi;
- imikhiqizo yokubhema;
- ukudla okuthosiwe;
- Ama-Pickles;
- utshwala;
- ukudla okusheshayo;
- izitsha ezibabayo.
Ukudla kwe-flu emathunjini kusho ukutholakala kokudla okunjalo:
- imifino ehlanzekile;
- ama-porridges abilisiwe emanzini (ukuthengiswa kwezimbuzi, ilayisi);
- amakhukhi e-biscuit;
- umhluzi ophansi we-fat;
- ama-apula abikiwe;
- ubhanana;
- izinhlanzi zika-rye;
- inyama ebilisiwe eyinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezinamafutha aphansi.
Ukudla kufanele kube yingxenyana. Imvamisa ephakanyisiwe yokudla okudlayo ingama-6-8 izikhathi ngosuku futhi ngezigaba ezincane. Udinga ukuphuza okungenani amalitha amabili ketshezi ngosuku. Ukuze wenze lokhu, itiye elimnyama elimnandi (elingaqinile), ukumnika okusajingijolo, i-dogrose noma i-currant kufanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-oats kanye nama-rice broths azinhle kulokhu: acebile isitashi, ngakho zimboza izindonga zesisu futhi zivikele emonakalweni.
Ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwamathumbu emathumbu
Noma yisiphi isifo kulula ukuvimbela kunokuphatha. Kuyafana nangomkhuhlane wamathumbu. Enye yezinsiza zokuvimbela esebenzayo ngumuthi wokugoma olwa ne-rotavirus. Kunezinye izinyathelo ezihlose ukuvimbela ukutheleleka:
- ukuhlukaniswa komuntu ogulayo;
- uphuze amanzi aphezulu kuphela;
- ukudla kufanele kulungiswe emikhiqizweni emisha, ukubeka ngaphansi kokwelashwa okwanele;
- ukugeza izandla njalo (emva komgwaqo, indlu yangasese, izindawo zomphakathi, ngaphambi kokudla nokunye);
- ngaphambi kokukhonza imifino emisha imile imizuzu engu-10 ku-solution ye-uviniga ka-3%, bese ugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile;
- ukuhlanza njalo okumanzi ekamelweni;
- qinisa ukuzivikela komzimba;
- shiya imikhuba emibi;
- ukuvimbela i-rotavirus emndenini lapho kunomkhuhlane wamathumbu emathumbu, kuqukethe ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinto zomphakathi.