Ukufa kwe-valve mitral kuyinto yokukhubazeka, okuyinto lapho kuningi kakhulu kwamacala atholakala ngokungahleliwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwe-ultrasound yenhliziyo. Ngokwezibalo, cishe u-6% wabantu bane-anomaly enjalo, kanti izibalo zabesifazane ziphakeme kakhulu. I-prolapse ivame ukutholakala ukuthi isencane futhi isencane.
Iyini inkinga ye-valve mitral yenhliziyo?
Inhliziyo - uhlobo lwepompo, isitho esiqinile semisipha, esenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngemithwalo yegazi yomzimba wonke. Ukuhlanza nokusabalalisa kwegazi kwenzeka ngokulondoloza ukucindezelwa okuthile enhliziyweni emagumbini (amakamelo). Imikhawulo (kunezinyawo ezine - i-atria amabili nama-ventricle amabili) ahlukaniswe omunye nomunye nge-flaps ehambayo - ama-valve, okungeziwe, alawula izinga lokucindezela futhi abeke isiqondiso esifanele ekugezeni kwegazi.
I-valve ye-mitral eyakhiwe yizicubu ezixhunyanisiwe ingenye yezinhlayiya ezine ezinezinhlangothi, ezenza i-atrium engakwesobunxele iphinde ishiye i-ventricle. Le valve i-bicuspid, futhi ama-valve ayo anamathele odongeni lwe-ventricle engakwesokunxele ngamathempule amancane amathoni - amakhetho asuka emisipha yamapilisi. Zonke lezi zakhiwo ezisebenza ngokubambisana zisebenza ndawonye, ​​ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye nemisipha yamapill esebenza njengamanzi "eminyango" yamagagasi.
Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwalowo divayisi ngenkathi kukhishwa kwemisipha yomzimba, i-anterior (aortic) kanye namagagasi asezindaweni zangasese (zangaphakathi) eziseduze kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, igazi elivela engxenyeni engakwesokunxele ngaphansi kwengcindezi lingena e-aorta, lapho, elithuthunyiswa khona ne-oxygen, lithwalwa kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwenhliziyo, lapho umcengezi uhlanjululwa futhi ugcwala igazi, i-valve valve ivuleka, futhi amagagasi ayo aqondiswa emgodini we-ventricle kwesokunxele.
I-prolapse ye-valve senhliziyo yisimo sokungafaneleki ukusebenza kwe-valvular apparatus, ebonakala ngokuvalwa okuvaliwe kwe-valve mitral ngesikhathi sokuqhaqhazela, okwenza ukuthi inani elithile legazi libuyele emuva kwe-ventricle kuya ku-atrium. Ukubuyisela okungavamile kwegazi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa . Uma i-valve ivaliwe kuleli cala, eyodwa noma zombili lezi ziqephu ziyaphela, i. Zifinyelela ekamelweni lokungena kwesokunxele, elingavumeli ukuba zivame ukuvota.
Ingabe i-proral valve isifo se-valvular?
Ukufunda ngalokhu kuxilongwa, iziguli eziningi zinesithakazelo: Ukushaywa yisifo senhliziyo noma cha? Eqinisweni, lesi sifo singase sibhekiswe ekuziphatheni okubi, njll. amaphutha ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo somzimba, okungasithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Kulesi simo, ukuphambuka okucatshangwayo ngokuvamile kuvamile kangangokuba akuthinti umsebenzi wenhliziyo nhlobo. Iningi labachwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi i-proral se-mitral engaqondakali ingabe yingozi, kepha ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezingemuva kungenzeka.
Ngokuvamile i-mitral valve prolapse yisimo sokuzalwa, esihlobene nokuphazanyiswa kwesakhiwo sezintambo zomzimba, ngenxa yalokho ama-valve alula kakhulu kakhulu, futhi izinketho zikhula. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zofuzo. Kunezihlobo ezincane ze-pathology ezibangelwa ezinye izifo nezici ezibuhlungu ezenza ukuvuvukala noma ikhefu lokugwedla:
- i-rheumatism ;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwesifuba;
- ischemic isifo senhliziyo ;
- i-infarction ye-myocardial, njll.
Hamba - kuyingozi kangakanani?
Ukufa kwenhliziyo kungathwala ingozi uma kukhona ukubuyiswa kwegazi okuphawulekayo ku-atrium, ngenxa yokuthi i-acriversion ye-pulmonary ye-pulmonary ene-pulmonary evumayo, ihlukumeza isigqi senhliziyo, ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni, njll, kuhlukaniswa. Izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-mitral valve prolapse yizi:
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-valve mitral;
- i-endocarditis yokuphefumula;
- i-perforation yeqabunga le-valve;
- ama-arrhythmias, izinkinga zokuqhuba;
- ukushaya.
I-Mitral valve i-prolapse - i-degree
Ukuhlola ubunzima bokukhubazeka komzimba, kungokweziko ukuhlukanisa izifo eziningana, ngokuya kokujula kwezimpawu ezigumbini ezingakwesobunxele kanye nomthamo wegazi ojikelezayo. Kule nkinga, ukuqhuma kwe-valve mitral kungaphelezelwa ukuvuvukala emgodleni we-atrial we-anterior, posterior, noma amabili valves. Ukulinganisa kungenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokubheka izinsimbi zokuxilongwa.
I-Mitral valve ishayela ngezinga eli-1
Kulesi simo, ukushicilelwa kwamapheshana kuyi-3-6 mm. Ukwehla kwesiteji esingu-1 yisiphambuko esilula, futhi ngokunciphisa okuncane, ukwehluleka okukhulu kokusebenza kwenqubo ye-cardiovascular is rarely observed. Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ngokuvamile kungekho ngokuphelele. Uma i-mitral valve ihamba phambili ebangeni lesi-1 ngokuphindaphindiwe, kubonakala ukuthi i-swirl of blood is fixed, engathinti ukujikeleza kwegazi.
I-Mitral valve ihlaziya ama-2 degrees
I-prolapse etholakalayo ye-degree 2 ibonakala ngokungahambisani "nomnyango" we-valve, ufike ku-9 mm. Ngokuphambuka okunjalo, umuntu angakhuluma ngesifo sokujikeleza esihlinzeka ngesifo esingenamandla kakhulu, kodwa sihambisana nengozi yezinkinga. Ukwehla kwe-valve ye-mitral ngokuphindaphindiwe kulokhu kubangela ukuguqula igazi okwamanje, okukwazi ukufinyelela isigamu se-atrium.
I-Mitral valve ihlaziya ama-3 degrees
Ukuhluka okuphawulekayo yi-prolapse yebanga lesi-3, kuhambisane nokuhlukana kwamagqabha e-valve agxuma nge-9 mm noma ngaphezulu. Izinguquko ezibi kakhulu esakhiweni senhliziyo, lapho igumbi le-atrial lihlanjululwa khona, izindonga ze-ventricle ziyancipha. Ukusakaza emuva kwegazi kunamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi kuthatha izindonga zangemva kwe-emrial. Isithombe se-clinic sisho ngokucacile, izinkinga ziyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
I-valve prolapse - izimpawu
Njengoba izazi ziphawula, ngesifo se-mitral valve, i-valve inezici ezibonakalayo ezifana nobukhulu obuphezulu, ubuciko, izingalo ezinzima nemilenze, isikhumba esincane. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukuhamba okunamandla kwamalungu, ukukhubazeka okubukwayo. Ngezinga eliphansi lesici, ezimweni eziningi, iziguli azikho izikhalazo. Lapho ukuvuselelwa kufinyelela emvuthweni ophawulekayo, izimpawu ze-prolapse zingabangela lokhu okulandelayo:
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- isiyezi;
- ubuhlungu ekhanda;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukuthuthumela;
- ukunganaki enhliziyweni;
- isicasuli;
- ukuthuthumela;
- ukwanda kwentando yenhliziyo;
- i-palpitation;
- umqondo wokuntuleka kwe-oxygen;
- ukunyuka okuncane kokushisa komzimba.
Ingabe inhliziyo ihlukumezeka nge-mitral valve?
Ukuhlunguzwa kwenhliziyo nge-valve mitral akuyona into ephoqelekile, kepha ngokuvamile ibonwe uphawu, ikakhulukazi kumonakalo we-2 no-3 nakwe-prolapse secondary of flave flaps. Ngokuvamile ubuhlungu buphawula ngemva kokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukucindezeleka, ukwesaba, ukuzikhandla ngokwemvelo, kodwa akukhiphi esimweni sokuphumula. Ukukhathazeka okuhlukile: ukukhipha, ukucindezela, ukucindezela, njll. Uma i-prolapse ye-valve ihlotshaniswa nokuzwa okuvamile kwamehlo, lokhu kubonisa isifo esibucayi kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka.
I-Mitral valve iyaqhubeka - ixilongwa
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa (ukulalela inhliziyo nge-stethophonendoscope), isazi sikwazi ukubona umsindo othile obangelwa ukuvulwa nokuvala ama-valve. Lokhu kungase kube isizathu sokuqokwa kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuningiliziwe, futhi ezimweni ezinjalo kuphakanyiswa ukuqhuba i-ultrasound (i-echocardiography). Ngendlela ye-ultrasound yenhliziyo, i-mitral valve prolapse itholakala ngokuthembekile, futhi le ndlela ikulinganisa ngokunembile izinga le-pathology. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezo zindlela zocwaningo zingabelwa:
- i-electrocardiogram;
- Ukuqapha kwe-ECG.
I-Mitral valve iyaqhubeka - ukwelashwa
Inani elikhulu labantu abaye baphumela, ukwelashwa akudingeki. Uma kungekho ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo, isiguli asikhathazi, ukuhlolwa akuvezi ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukubonwa kuphela ngokuhlolisiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuphila okunempilo kunconywa. Umbuzo wokuzikhandla ngokomzimba uxoxwa ngazo esimweni ngasinye ngabanye.
Ukwehla kwe-valve mitral, ebonakala ngezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ze-cardiac, zitholakala ekwelapheni. Imithi yokwelashwa ide isikhathi eside, ingafaka amaqembu alandelayo izidakamizwa:
- i-beta-blockers;
- amavithamini weqembu B, PP;
- amalungiselelo we-magnesium;
- ukuxhuma;
- ukuthula.
Ngaphandle kwengxenye yezokwelapha, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa nezinye izindlela: ukuphefumula umzimba, physiotherapy, physiotherapy, massage, psychotherapy. Iziguli zinconywa ukuba zithole ukwelashwa kwe-sanatorium. Uma kwenzeka okungavamile, izinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphindiwe lusetshenziselwa izindlela zokusebenza. Lokhu kungaba umsebenzi wokubuyisela kwi-valve mitral (isibonelo, ukuhlunga ama-valve, ukunciphisa i-chord), noma indlela eqinile - i-valve prosthetics.