Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV

Kuze kube manje, i-virus immunodeficiency virus iyingozi kakhulu. Ngokusho kolwazi lwamuva, emhlabeni wethu mayelana nabantu abayizigidi ezingu-35 basulelekile, abadinga ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwe-HIV?

Njengoba sekuyaziwa, izidakamizwa ezilwa negciwane zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nalesi sifo, ezivimbela ukukhula nokuphindaphinda kwegciwane, futhi zivimbele isingeniso salo emangqamuzaneni anempilo. Ngeshwa, ayikho imithi ekwazi ukukhipha umuntu otheleleke ngokuphelele, njengoba igciwane liguqukela ngokushesha ekwelashweni futhi liguqule. Ngisho nesimo sengqondo esicabangelayo nesibophezelekile sokuthatha imithi sizosiza ukuthi ungaphumeleli kahle futhi uqhubeke nokuphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ngakho-ke, kusalindelekile ukuthi ngelinye ilanga bayothola noma bafike nomuthi we-HIV ozophulukisa kuze kube sekupheleni.

Imithi ekhona

I-HIV iyi-retrovirus, okungukuthi, igciwane eliqukethe i-RNA kumaseli ayo. Ukuze ulwisane nalo, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngesimiso esithile sokusebenza:

1. I-inhibitors ye-reverse transcriptase.
2. Ama-protease inhibitors.
3. Ama-inhibitors we-integrase.
4. Ama-inhibitors we-fusion nokufaka.

Amalungiselelo avela kuzo zonke amaqembu aphelisa ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zomjikelezo wokuphila kwawo. Ziphazamisa ukuphindaphinda kwama-HIV amangqamuzana futhi zivimbela isenzo sabo se-enzymatic. Ngokwenqubo yezokwelapha yanamuhla, izidakamizwa eziningana zezidambisigciwane ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba ukwelapha okunjalo kusebenza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukujwayela igciwane kumuthi kanye nokuvela kwesifo (ukuzinza) kwesifo.

Manje isikhathi kulindeleke ukuthi baqambe umuthi wendawo yonke we-HIV, ozoba ne-inhibitors eklasini ngalinye, hhayi nje ukuyeka ukukhula kwegciwane, kodwa futhi nokufa kwawo okungenakuguqulwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kokutheleleka, izidakamizwa ezingathinti ngqo amangqamuzana egciwane ziyasetshenziswa, kodwa vumela umzimba ukuba ubhekane nemiphumela yaso emibi futhi uqinise isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.

Ingabe bayothola ukwelashwa kwe-HIV?

Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke baqhubeka bethuthukisa izidakamizwa ezintsha zokutheleleka nge-HIV. Cabanga ngabathembisayo kakhulu.

I-Nullbasic. Leli gama linikezwe umuthi owasungulwa usosayensi wase-Institute for Research Medical edolobheni laseKlinsland (e-Australia). Umthuthukisi uthi, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezibopho zeprotheyini zegciwane ngaphansi kwesenzo somuthi, i-HIV iqala ukulwa nayo. Ngakho-ke, akuyona kuphela ukukhula nokuphindaphinda kwegciwane eliyeka, kodwa ekugcineni ukufa kwamaseli asele anesifo kakade kuqala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ebuzwa ukuthi lo muthi uzovela e-HIV, umsunguli uyaphendula ngokukhuthazayo - eminyakeni eyishumi elandelayo. Ngo-2013, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane sekuqalile kakade, futhi ukuhlolwa kweminye imitholampilo kuhlelwe kubantu. Omunye wemiphumela emihle yezifundo ukuhumusha kwegciwane isimo esingasebenzi (esingasebenzi).

SiRNA. Yakha le mithi ye-HIV ngabososayensi baseMelika base-University of Colorado. I-molecule yakhe ibimbela ukubonakala kwezakhi zofuzo ezikhuthaza ukuphindaphinda kwamaseli wegciwane, futhi libhubhise igobolondo layo lamaprotheni. Okwamanje, ucwaningo olusebenzayo lwenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwamagundane e-transgenic, okwakubonisa ukuthi ama-molecule alo mzimba ayengeyona into enobuthi futhi avumela ukuhlushwa kwe-RNA yegciwane kungancishiswa isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu.

Ososayensi beYunivesithi bathi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza umuthi ohlongozwayo ngeke kuphumelele ukulwa ne-HIV kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-AIDS.