Ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo, njengomthetho, akunzima. Kodwa-ke, izinyathelo ezilula zokuvikela zisiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu, ngoba izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zilula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha.
Izinhlobo zezifo ezithathelwanayo
Ezokwelapha, ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kwenziwa ngohlobo lwe-pathogen. Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, izifo zenzeka:
- Viral. Lezi zinambuzane zingabangela ukuqala kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Zibangela nokushisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziholela ekuthuthukiseni izicubu.
- Amabhaktheriya. Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya ziyadingeka ukuze kusebenze kahle umzimba, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziyingozi. Lokhu okubangela izifo zendawo ehlukile kanye nobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yabo, isibonelo, kungadingeka ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal.
- I-Chlamydia. Lawa angama-bacteria angathuthukisa ukumelana nezidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane. Bavusa ukuvuvukala kwesistimu ye-urogenital, amaphaphu, trachoma.
- I-Mycoplasmal. Lolu hlobo lwamabhaktheriya alinaso izindonga zeseli, kodwa lungalimaza kakhulu uhlelo lokuphefumula noma uhlelo lwe-urogenital.
- Rickettsial. Kunezinhlobo eziningana futhi kubangele amagciwane amakhulu.
- I-Spirochectric. Ama-bacterium asebenzayo ahamba phambili ayingxenye ye-flora yomlomo enempilo, kodwa akwazi ukudala i-syphilis, i-typhoid, i-leptospirosis.
- I-Mycosis. Loluhlobo lwezifo ezithathelwanayo lubangela isikhunta.
- Iprototic. Kuthuthukiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane ezingenayo i-unicellular - amoebae, lamblia, i-balantidium.
- I-Helminthic. Izifo ezinjalo zivela ngenxa yezibungu, ezivame ukuhlala emathunjini, kodwa zingathinta namaphaphu, ubuchopho, isibindi.
Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo
Kuneziningi zazo. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo yizi:
- Ukugonywa. Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwezinto ezilwa nomzimba emzimbeni, ukuphikisana kwazo nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezikhulayo kuyanda.
- Ukugonywa. Lokhu ukuvimbela jikelele izifo ezithathelwanayo. Kuyasiza ukuqinisa ingculazi futhi kugcizelela ukudliwa kwamavithamini ama-complexes, ukudla okunomsoco okunempilo, ukunamathela emithethweni eyisisekelo yokuhlanzeka.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kweziguli.
- I-Chemoprophylaxis. Ukuvimbela okunjalo izifo ezithathelwanayo kuyenzeka ukuze kume ukukhiqizwa kwezifo ezifuywayo futhi kuvimbele ukuphindaphinda noma izinkinga zesifo.
Ukuvimbela ngokuqondile izifo
Okuyinhloko yendlela yendalo yokufakelwa kwengculazi. Izinyathelo eziqondile zokuvimbela izifo zibandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwezinqubo zemvelo ezibangelwa emzimbeni uma i-pathogen ingena kuwo. Ziza ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Isebenza. Lolu hlobo lokuvimbela lubandakanya ukwethulwa kwemigomo enezinambuzane eziphilayo, kodwa ezibuthakathaka noma ezifile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuzivikela komzimba kuqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies. Ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nemvelo kungathatha amasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-4.
- I-Passive. Kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngezifo zengculaza, lapho kungekho isikhathi sokulinda imiphumela yokugoma. Ukugcinwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo kusengeniswa emzimbeni wama-antibodies asekulungele kakade.
- Okusebenzayo-okungahambi kahle. Ingxube yezinhlobo ezimbili zezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezichazwe ngenhla. Emzimbeni wesiguli usungulwa kanye nomuthi wokugoma, kanye ne-serum enezinhlamvu zamagciwane. Lezi zinsuku azihlali isikhathi eside, kodwa amasonto ambalwa akwanele ukuqala ukwakheka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Ukuvimbela okungapheli kwezifo
Kuyinkimbinkimbi yezenzo ezithinta ukusakazeka kwezifo eziphilayo. Ukuvimbela ngokungajwayelekile izifo ezithathelwanayo kanje:
- ukuhamba njalo kwezakhiwo;
- ukugeza izandla;
- ukugwema izindawo zezixuku ezinkulu;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuvikela;
- ukuqina ;
- ukwanda ku-immunity jikelele.
Ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kubandakanya nokuhlukanisa - isethi yezinyathelo ezihloswe ekunciphiseni ukuxhumana kwabantu abanempilo neziguli. Isikali nesilinganiso saso siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesifo, ukusabalala kwalo. Umthetho owodwa kuphela wezifo zonke ukuhlukanisa isifo kuphela emva kokuba isikhathi esiphezulu sokufakelwa kwesifo sesidlulile ngemuva kokutholwa kwesiguli sokugcina esibhalwe phansi.
Ukuvimbela okuphuthumayo kwezifo
Isilinganiso esinjalo sokuvimbela isisindo sezinyathelo zokwelapha ezenziwa kubantu abathintekayo. Ukugcinwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo eziphuthumayo kusetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokungeniswa komsunguli enhlobonhlobo ngenhloso yokuxwayisa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Kwenzeka:
- jikelele (okungenasisekelo);
- okuqondile.
Lezi zinsuku zenziwa ngemuva kokuba uhlobo lokutheleleka selusungulwe futhi ukuzwela kwemithi kunqunywa. Ngokuhambisana nezidakamizwa ezithile, iziguli ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi i-antihistamines kanye nama- immunomodulators . Ngenxa yokuvimbela okuphuthumayo okungaqondile, kusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ezibanzi, njenge:
- Rifampicin;
- Tetracycline;
- I-Doxycycline;
- Sulfaton.
Izifo ezinkulu ezithathelwanayo nokuvimbela kwazo
Kuye ngemigwaqo yokudlulisela, kuyisiko ukukhomba amaqembu anjalo okutheleleka:
- esetshenziswe ngomzila we-fecal-oral;
- amaconsi amanzi;
- ngokusebenzisa ama-vectors;
- ngokuxhumana negazi elingcolile;
- indlela yokuxhumana nomndeni.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyinhloko - ukuhlukaniswa kwazo nokuvimbela - zilawulwa ezingeni likahulumeni. Uma kunesidingo, uma kwenzeka izifo zengculazi, imithi ihlinzekwa kubantu, ukuvikelwa kanye nokungcola kwemvelo kunikeziwe. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iziguli zinganikezwa nje ngezokwelapha kuphela, kodwa futhi zesekelo lomphakathi, usizo lomsebenzi noma lwengqondo.
Ukuvimbela izifo zobulili
Izindlela zokuvimbela zilula kakhulu. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kuvumelana nemithetho elandelayo:
- Ngesikhathi socansi, amakhondomu kufanele asebenzise njalo.
- Omunye kufanele azame ukugwema othintana nabo abahlukumezekile ngokocansi nokubandlulula empilweni yezocansi.
- Bobabili abalingani kumele bahambisane nemithetho yokuhlanzeka.
Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza nezinye izifo zocansi kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha emva kokulala ngaphandle kwekhondomu nomlingani ongathandeki noma uma ukuvimbela isisu kukhubazekile. Ukufakazelwa okuphumelela kakhulu kusho:
- IBetadine;
- I-Miramistin;
- I-Chlorhexidine.
Ukuvimbela izifo zamathumbu
Imiphumela emibi yezifo ingavinjelwa uma kutholakala ngesikhathi, kepha kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini kunzima kanje:
- Ukukhethwa kokudla kumele kufakwe ngokucophelela. Ungathengi ukudla ezindaweni ezinolisayo.
- Ukudla kumele kuphekwe kahle. Unganaki ukuphathwa kokshisa.
- Yonke imithetho yesitoreji sokudla kufanele ibonwe.
- Izitsha ezifudumele kufanele zidliwe ngokushesha ngemva kokupheka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma ukupholisa, ama-microbes akhula ngokuphindaphindiwe kuwo.
- Ngaphambi kokudla, kufanele ugeze izandla zakho.
- Ukupheka kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-enterovirus
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ziyafana nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini. Indlela yokugwema ukutheleleka kwe-rotavirus :
- Phuza kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile noma abilisiwe.
- Bathe ezindaweni ezivunyelwe isiteshi se-hygiene kanye ne-epidemiological, kepha ngisho lapha akufanelekile ukugwinya amanzi.
- Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ilungu ngalinye lomndeni kanye nenkampani libe nezitsha zabo zokudla.
- Ekhaya kuyadingeka ukuba kusetshenziswe ukuhlanza okumanzi njalo nokusetshenziswa kwe-disinfectant.
- Ngezifo ze-epidemics, kufanele ugweme izindawo zokugxila okukhulu kwabantu, futhi uma unezikhalazo ngokushesha uye kuchwepheshe.
Ukuvimbela izifo ezithinta umoya
Ukuvimbela kakhulu ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungukugoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungazivikela ezincane ze-pathogenic ngokugcina impilo enempilo, ukuhlela usuku lwakho kahle, ukuqinisa ukuzivikela, ukugwema ukuthintana nabantu abagulayo kanye nokuvakashela izindawo zezixuku ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokugula, ukugcina yonke imithetho eyisisekelo yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu.
Ukuvimbela izifo ze-nosocomial
Abasebenzi bezokwelapha kumele baqaphele ngokucophelela zonke izidingo zokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kokubeletha kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-anti-antiseptic agents, inzalo evumelekile yezinsimbi. Zonke izidakamizwa neziguli kumele zenziwe ngamagilavu namaski. Noma kunjalo ungakugwema kanjani izifo ezithathelwanayo? Isisebenzi ngasinye esibhedlela kufanele sigonywe ngezifo ezifana ne-diphtheria, i-hepatitis B, i-influenza kanye nabanye.