Ukutshala ama-strawberry - ungathola kanjani isivuno esiphezulu?

I-strawberries ekhulayo ibhekwa njengokulula kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvuna ama-blueberries, ama-blueberries nezinye amajikijolo. Ikhula ngokushesha, inika inani elikhulu izithelo ezinkulu futhi ayidingi ukuchelela nsuku zonke. Kudinga kuphela ukutshala okulungile nokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwesithelo.

Ukutshala ama-strawberries

Ukutshala amajikijolo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izithombo ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa izimpande emhlabathini ovulekile, izitshalo zithukuthele: qhubeka endaweni epholile okungenani izinsuku ezingu-5-10. Emva kwalokho, eminye imithetho yokutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo azaliseka:

1. Ukuze izithombo zingabuni futhi zibe lula ukugxila, izimpande zezithombo zifakwa ebhokisini le-chatter engadini kusukela ekubumbeni kwebumba kanye ne-mullein ngaphambi kokugxilongwa.
2. Ukuze ama-strawberries akhethe isakhiwo segadi, esingagcwele amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Inketho ekahle ibonisa ukuthi izinga labo lingaphansi kwe-1 m.
3. Umbhede uhlanza ama-clods amakhulu omhlaba kanye nokhula.
4. Ukuze izithombo zikhule ngokushesha, ungqimba lomhlaba ngaphezu kwezinga lokukhula (ingxenye engaphezulu yempande) akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-2 cm.
5. Lapho isihlahla sifakwa emgodini, sifafazwe umhlaba, kancane kancane sibuye siphinde sigcwalise amanzi ukuze singagcini inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezimpande.

Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala ama-strawberries?

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ama-strawberries azwela izinga lomhlabathi, kufanele anakekele ngokukhethekile ngaphambi kokutshala. Izandulela ezinhle kakhulu zamajikijolo kukhona okusanhlamvu, i-dill noma i-basil, ababi kakhulu bonke abamele umndeni waseSolanaceae. Ukutshala ama-strawberry emhlabathini ovulekile kuyashesha futhi kuphumelele uma umhlaba ulungiselelwe ucabangela izincomo zabalimi abanolwazi:

1. Izwe elincane kufanele lixubane ne-loam noma i-sandy loam ngo-1: 1.
2. Izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyaqedwa futhi ivinjelwe ezifweni ze-fungal. Kusetshenziswa amalitha angu-10 amanzi, ama-500 g we-lime kanye no-50 g we-sulfate yethusi. Ukupuniza 1 imitha yesigcawu sebenzisa i-1 litre lenhlanganisela.
3. Imibhede ifakwe ingxube yemifuno ephilayo. I-10 cm ephezulu yomhlabathi kufanele ihlanganise ingxube ye-turf, isihlabathi esimhlophe, i-peat kanye ne-humus ngokulinganisela okulinganako.

Ukutshala ama-strawberries ekwindla

Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, izihlahla zihlwanyelwe ngezizathu ezimbili: mhlawumbe ukuze kuphuthumise ukuvuna nokuqothula okhethekile nokuvunwa ebusweni obushushu ebusika, noma ukuqoqa izithelo zokuqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukutshala okunembile kwama-strawberries ekwindla kunomthelela ekwenzeni okuhle kakhulu kwe-rooting ne-hibernation ngaphandle kokulimala. Kunezikhathi ezintathu zokutshala ezenzekayo ekwindla kule berry:

1. Ukutshala kwekwindla yokuqala - kusukela ngesonto lesithathu lika-Agasti kuya phakathi kukaSepthemba.
2. Ukufika okuphakathi kwekwindla - kusukela ngoSepthemba 15 kuya ku-Okthoba 15.
3. Ukutshala isikhathi esilandelayo - amahlathi ahlanganiswe emhlabathini inyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala.

Ukutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo

Emthonjeni wezitshalo zentwasahlobo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile lapho isimo sezulu esibanda sishintsha. Usuku oluqondile lokutshala luhlukahluka kuye ngesifunda. Ukuze ufunde indlela yokutshala kahle ama-strawberry entwasahlobo, kufanele uqale ngokungcwaba okwesikhashana emhlabathini wezitshalo bese ufaka ama-humus noma umquba. Imigomo efanele yokutshala entwasahlobo yilezi:

1. Ezifundazweni eziseningizimu - kusukela ngo-1 kuya ku-15 Mashi.
2. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngokuqedwa kweqhwa kweqhwa - kusuka mhla zingama-1 kuya ku-15 Meyi.
3. Iqembu eliphakathi - kusukela ngo-10 kuya ku-30 ​​Ephreli.

Izindlela zokutshala ama-strawberries

Njengoba izitshalo zeberry azihambisani nawo wonke omakhelwane ensimini, azikwazi ukutshala ngokuzenzekelayo. Imithetho yokutshala ama-strawberries ayenqatshelwe ukubeka amahlathi eduze kwamatamatisi, i-parsley, ama-eggplants, i-gooseberries nama-currants amnyama. Izithombo zibekwe kumjikelezo ohlukile ngenye yezinhlelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhamba kwekhabethe. Izihlahla zihambisana nomunye nomunye, futhi uma amaqabunga ebonakala eqala ukufana ne-carpet eqhubekayo yeziqu. Ukuncipha kwalolu hlobo lokutshala kuyisitshalo esincane ngenxa yezimpande ezihlangene.
2. Ihlela ngokulandelana. Imigqa emide ejulile yamahlathini, phakathi kwakho ongakwazi kalula ukuphuza noma ukuqoqa izithelo.
3. Ukutshala ama-strawberries ngokuma eceleni izihlahla. Ukusakaza izinhlobo zitshalwe ngokucabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande nezinhlelo.
4. Ukutshala izidleke. Isikhungo sensimu sisinye isitshalo, sizungezile, sitshala izihlahla ezingu-6 ngaphezulu.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwamahlumela e-sitrobheli lapho utshala

I-elula kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa uhlelo lokutshala ama-strawberry emigqeni. Ukulandela, ukuhamba kwesonto ukuhamba umgqa wobubanzi obungu-40 cm, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwama-strawberries lapho lihlwanyelwa amahlathi liyi-15-20 cm. Izindlela ezisele zokutshala zenzelwe:

• 45-60 cm ubude phakathi kwehlathi elilodwa;
• Ibanga elingama-35-40 cm uma kutholakala uhlobo lokuthutha;
• 5-10 cm - ukutshala okuqhubekayo kwe-carpet.

Izici ze-strawberries ezikhulayo

Ama-Strawberries angomunye wamajikijolo ama-photophilic. Akayikubekezelela i-penumbra, ngakho-ke izihlahla ezide zikhula eduze kwakhe, zinqunywe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ehlobo, ukuze nje zinganciphisi ukuvuthwa. Izindlela zokutshala ama-strawberries anquma ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwamahlumela. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Indlela ecacile. Isiyaluyalu sezinhlobo ze-ampel sisebhodini noma ebhokisini, noma i-curl phezu kwegridi noma amapayipi.
2. I-Horizontal. Izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo noma ezinama-curly zisakazeka phansi noma zithande izikhwama, amashubhu noma imigoqo.

Ukutshala ama-strawberries unyaka wonke

Uma emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule amajikijolo akhuliswa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, ngakho-ke namuhla isivuno esivela esihlahleni sithola okungenani ngoMashi, ngisho noDisemba. Kunezindlela ezintathu ezenza ukutshalwa komhlabathi we-strawberries kungokoqobo futhi kuphumelele:

1. Indawo yokuhlala yamafilimu . Izinhlobo eziphansi zokukhula zingakhula ngaphansi kwefilimu enesisindo ezindaweni eziseningizimu ngokugcina ubusika.
2. I-Window sill. Izihlahla ezitsheni zokuvolontiya okwanele efasiteleni ziyakwazi ukunikeza izitshalo ezimbili lapho zihlahla izihlahla zamadevu nokuvuna ngesikhathi.
3. Ukushisa ukushisa okushisa. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezibandayo, kungenzeka ukudala umswakama oyifunayo nokushisa kwemoya.

Ukutshala ama-strawberries - ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo ezitshalwe nje akukwenziwa nhlobo - kuhlonywe yibo abatshalwe ngonyaka odlule noma ngaphambili. Izimo zokutshala ama-strawberries, uma zingenwa igciwane noma zingahlushwa izinambuzane, zenzelwe izikhathi ezintathu zokukhulelwa - emva kokutshala, ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwama-ovaries futhi emva kokuvuna kuqediwe. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphepha, inqubo yokudla iphindwe ukulungiselela ubusika. Umanyolo ongcono kakhulu:

• i-ammonium sulfate;
• izinkukhu zezinkukhu;
• ingxube ye-iodine ne-boric acid;
• i-mullein;
• ama-biscuits egazini emanzini.

Ukunakekela ama-strawberry

Emva kokutshala isitshalo kudinga ukukhishwa njalo kombhede, ukuchelela, ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezilokazane nokudla ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-microelements. Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi noma ngasekuqaleni kukaJune. Ukunakekela kahle ama-strawberries ukuze uthole isivuno esinempilo kufanele kusekelwe ezimisweni ezimbalwa:

• ukugcinwa kwemvamisa yokunisela ngezigaba ezahlukene zokulima;
• ukubhebhezela imibhede ukuvikela ekupholiseni, ukushisa noma isimo sezulu esibi;
• ukuhlolisisa njalo isihlahla ukukhipha amajikijolo avuthiwe namaqabunga awile.

Ukunakekela ama-strawberry emva kokutshala

Masinyane emva kokugxiliswa kwe-collar impande ibe phansi, izihlahla zezithombo ziphuziswa. Abalimi bezitshalo balitshela ukuthi kangakanani ukuphuza ama-strawberries ngemuva kokutshala bayelulekwa ukuba bakwenze ekuseni kakhulu kaningi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukugubha inhlabathi - ukumbozwa komhlabathi okusetshenziselwa izitshalo zensimu. Le ndlela ye-agrotechnics iyasiza ekucebiseni inhlabathi ngamavithamini, ivimbela ukungena kwezinambuzane ezimpandeni futhi igcine umswakama ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi. Yenza i-mulching ngokusho kwendlela:

1. Ukulungiselela ukwaziswa. Zingaba sawdust, humus, hay, ikhadi elichotshoziwe, ifilimu, amaphephandaba, amagxolo noma izinaliti.
2. Ukumboza imibhede. Amasayithi aphakathi kwezihlahla afihliwe ngaphansi kwendwangu engathembeki yomunyu, ezama ukulimaza isitshalo, ukuze angaphazamisi ukutshala ama-strawberry.
3. Ukunakekela umeluleki. Ukunisela isendlalelo esivikelayo akukhuthazwa, kodwa kungenezelwa esitshalweni uma izitshalo zingenawo umoya.

Ukunakekela ama-strawberry phakathi nezimbali

Emva kokuvela kwemibala, uhlelo lokuchelela luyashintsha. Ukuthululwa kwamanzi kusukela phezulu phezulu akusephephile: uma uketshezi luhlasela i-ovary, lungabangela ukubonakala kwe- powdery isikhutha noma ukubola okumpunga . Phakathi kweminye imithetho ehlinzekela ukunakekela ama-strawberries entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ungabiza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Isikhathi sokunisela sezinsuku ezingu-7-12. Imitha eyodwa yezindawo zokuthutha ichithe okungenani amalitha angu-20 amanzi. Ukushisa kwalo kufanele kube yi-18-20 ° C.
2. Isitoreji sokuhlala endaweni yesimo sezulu esibi. Izikhukhula kanye nomoya kungalimaza amaqabunga amancane, ngakho isivuno ngesikhathi semvula nesiphepho simboza ifilimu encane ye-polyethylene.
3. Ukuthobisa umthamo. Emhlabathini ngemibhede yamajikijolo, ukuqina okuqinile kwe-crusty kubonakala kubonakala, okuphazamisa ukufinyelela kwe-oksijini ezimpandeni. Bafakwe ngamanzi kusukela esitokisini se-spray futhi bamangala.

Strawberry - ukuzilungisa ngesikhathi se-fruiting

Uma i-ovary ivela esitshalweni, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuguqulwe ngokujulile ukuze kuvinjelwe ubuthi obubangelwa ukufaka amajikijolo avuthiwe. Akudingekile ukuba wenqabe ikhadini kusukela ekugqoke phezulu, njengoba kungenzeka ukhethe izinto ezingenakubungozi kulezi zinhloso. Ukunakekela ama-strawberries engadini ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwezithelo kanje:

1. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-net decoction kanye namaviki amabili. Kuwusizo ekwandiseni ubukhulu bezithelo nokwandisa ama-juiciness abo. Ama-20 g weqabunga elomile lamashubhu alithwa i-litre lamanzi abilayo, bese engeza amanye amalitha ayishumi amanzi afudumele bese usebenzisa ukubunjwa kokunisela.
2. Umanyolo wezinkuni umlotha. Iqukethe wonke ama-microelements adingekayo ekutsheni ama-strawberries. Umlotha uhlelwe nxazonke ezihlahleni ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu okuqala.
3. Ukususwa okwesikhashana kwamajikijolo akhuphukile. Uma i-ovary, ehlanganisa izithelo eziningana, okungenani eyodwa yayo iyashaywa, ithulwe kahle ukuze ivikele abanye emonakalweni.

I-Strawberries Ekhulayo - Izifo

Lesi siko sibhekene nezifo ezifanayo ezithinta ama-blueberries, ama-raspberries namanye amajikijolo. Ukuthelelwa yi-any of them kungenziwa yizibonakaliso zangaphandle: ushintsho embala wamaqabunga, ukuma kwawo, ukwehla kokuvunwa noma ukuguqulwa kwesithelo. Inqubo yokunakekela imibhede ungabhekana nezifo ezinjalo ze-strawberries:

1. Isibungu se-spider. Inambuzane encane ifaka amaqabunga ngamabhubhu, okubangela ukuba bahlume futhi bahlehle. I-mite inganqotshwa ngokupuniza ngesisombululo se-carbophos ngemuva kokuvuna.
2. Strawberry mite. Kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba kulimaza izimpande nama-petioles amaqabunga. I-parasite ibeka amaqanda emahlumela lapho nje eqala ukwakha. Kulimala izinga lokutheleleka kwe-sitrobheli engadini kuthinta kakhulu: amaqabunga ahluma, amajikijolo abe amancane. Kuzovinjelwa ukubonakala kokwelashwa nge-sulfur colloidal ngaphambi kokutshala.
3. Nematode. Izibungu ezine Ubude obungaphezulu kuka-1 cm zinika isiko isiqu esiphezulu futhi sithinte ubude be-cuttings, kodwa sihlala emhlabathini, hhayi esitshalweni. Le nkathazo ikhiqiza ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kololoni yezibungu. Imithi yokuvimbela iyoba nezimbiza ezincane nge-lime, ephakathi kwehlathi.
4. I-Fusarium ne-blight late. Izimpawu ezibalulekile zesifo yi-necrosis emngceleni wamaqabunga, ukubola kwamahlumela nokufa kwabo okulandelayo. I-strawberries ekhulayo iphukile: i-axial cylinder yesitshalo iyaqhuma futhi iqala ukuguga ngemva kokuthuthukiswa, izimpande zayo ezidabukisayo ziyafa. Lesi sifo asikho uma izihlahla sezifakelwa njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4.