Ukuphambanisa - yini engqondweni nakwezenhlalo?

Kunoma imuphi umphakathi kusukela othomeni kuze kube yanamuhla, kunoma yiliphi iqembu kusukela esizweni kuya ekubambisaneni kokusebenza kunemithetho eqinile nemigomo yokuziphatha. Ngokusemthethweni, lezi zimo ezivezwe ngokomlando, ezivumela ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa okungalungile kwamalungu eqembu. Uma imithetho ethile iphulwa, khona-ke ukuphambuka kwenzeka.

Kuyini ukuphambuka?

Ngokuvamile, leli yiliphi igama lokuphambuka okuvamile, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama elithi "ukuphambuka" lisekelwe emqondweni omkhulu ohlukile emphakathini, ngokungafani nalabo abamukelwa kwamanye amasayensi. Ngenxa yalokho, ingaba yinto evamile, ibonise ukuthi iyasiza, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokujulile ukuthi kungenzeka yini leli gama.

Kuyini ukuphambuka kwengqondo?

Umuntu angaphendula ngokungaqondakali ukuthi ukuphambuka kungokwengqondo, kanye nemiphakathi yezenhlalo, ukuphambuka okuvela kumkhuba, kodwa kubonakala ngenxa yokungasebenzi ngendlela ejwayelekile ye-psyche futhi kuyizinto ezimbi, ezibuhlungu.

Izimbangela zokuphambuka

Umbono ovamile mayelana nokuthi yini ebangela ukuphambene nokujwayelekile akukatholakali. Ezinye izikole zigcizelela imfundo emndenini ongasebenzi. Kwezinye izinguqulo, izimbangela zokuphambuka zikhona ezinkingeni ze-psyche; ukwehluka ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziphilayo noma ngesakhiwo se-DNA. Ngayinye yalezi zinguqulo inezinzuzo zombili nezimo eziyingozi. Uma sikhuluma ngokuthambekela kobugebengu, baphinde bavelele kubantu abakhulile emndenini ogcwele, kanye nabafundi bomndeni ongumzali oyedwa nezintandane.

Izimpawu zokuphambuka

Njengoba umqondo wokuphambuka uhlukile nakwezesayensi ezahlukene, izimpawu zawo zizohlukahluka:

1. Emiphakathini yezenhlalakahle, ukuziphatha okuphambene nokubhekwa kubhekwa njengezenzo ezingekho izici zokuziphatha komphakathi omkhulu.
2. I-psychology yezenhlalakahle ithatha noma yikuphi ukuphambene nokuziphatha komphakathi ukuthi kube ukuphambuka.
3. Ukungaphambuki ekufundiseni nasekuziphatheni kwengqondo ukuziphatha okuzithemba okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nokuziqhenya .

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuphambuka

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuziphatha eziphambene zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:

• ukwephulwa kwezindinganiso zomphakathi, ezomthetho, imigomo yokuziphatha komphakathi, ukuphambuka kwamasiko;
• ukuphambuka kwengqondo , okusobala noma okufihliwe.

La maqembu ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuphambuka.

1. Ubuhlanga . Ukungazinaki izizinda zomphakathi ezisekelwe.
2. Ukuthakazelisa . Ukuphambuka, okuholela ezonweni zobugebengu.
3. Ukuzilimaza . Ukulimaza ngokweqile impilo yomzimba noma yengqondo, kuhlanganise nokuzibulala.
4. I-Psychopathological . Ukubonakaliswa kwanoma yikuphi ukugula kwengqondo, izifo.
5. Ukungahleleki . Ukuphambuka kuzo zonke izindinganiso ze-psyche enempilo.
6. I-Paracaracterological . Izinguquko ezingalungile kumlingisi obangelwa imfundo engafanele.

Ukuphambuka komphakathi

Ngokuyinhloko, ukwehlukana kwesenzo emphakathini kunqunywa ukugqugquzelwa. Okusho ukuthi, izimiso zokuziphatha komphakathi kumele zenziwe ngokweqile. Ukuphambukiswa komphakathi yedwa kuphela kokubili okuhle nokubi.

Yiziphi ukuphambana nesibonakaliso esengeziwe:

• isibindi;
• ukuvulwa kwendlela entsha yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi;
• okwenza indawo noma ezinye izinto ezitholakalayo.

Kusukela kulo mbono, iziphambano ziyi:

1. Abahambi abakhulu (H. Columbus, N. Miklouho-Maclay, R. Amundsen nabanye)
2. Ososayensi (Giordano Bruno, Maria Curie, S. Korolev, A. Einstein nabanye)
3. Abaholi abangokomoya. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kungamangaza kanjani lokhu kungase kuzwakale, kodwa ngokuqondene nenkolo yokuqala yomphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa kobuKristu, ubuBuddhism, Islam, njll kwakuyiphutha.
4. Abaculi abathola izinhlobo ezintsha nezindlela ezamukelekayo zokuveza ukudweba. Isibonelo, u-Edgar Allan Poe, ucabange ukuthi ungumdali wendlela yesimanje yesiphenyi, into emnandi futhi, ngezindlela eziningi, isayensi yeqiniso.
5. Heroes. U-Alexander Matrosov, uZoya Kosmodemyanskaya, uMaria Barsukova, uSergei Bagaev, nabanye abaningi.
6. Fighters for ukulingana.

Ukuphambana nesibonakaliso esincane:

• ukuziphatha okubi;
• ukuxhomeka okuhlukahlukene;
• ukungabi nakhaya kwabantwana, ababalekela ekhaya;
• ubufebe;
• i-sadism.

Qhubeka uhlu lweziphambeko zomphakathi kungapheli, ngoba ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke kwisakhiwo somphakathi esibucayi. Isibonelo, i-bigamy inqatshelwe emphakathini wamaKristu futhi iyinto evamile yamaSulumane. Ngokuvamile, ukwehluka emphakathini kuhluke kwabanye, okungashintsha, ukuvumelanisa nezidingo zobuningi babantu.

Ukuphambuka ngokocansi

Igama lesibili lesithakazelo socansi, okuhlukile kwendabuko evamile evunyelwe yi-paraphilia. Chaza izimbangela zokungalingani ngokobulili futhi unikeze incazelo ecacile lapho umkhuba uphela nalapho ukuphambuka kuqala khona ngokocansi, abaningi bazama. Ku-DSM-5, u-Ray Blanchar ucacise le ncazelo elandelayo: "I-Paraphilia yizo zonke izinhlobo ze-(atypical) ezithakazelisayo ezingathí sina zobulili, ngaphandle kwesithakazelo socansi ekugqugquzelweni ngokobulili nasezintanjeni zokulungiselela ngokulandelana kwesimo somuntu esivamile, esivumelana nesigqila." Uhlu lwe "normophilia" (leli gama lisho isifiso socansi "evamile" futhi lisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa i-paraphilia) ngokweBlancharu kubonakala kanje:

• i-caresses yomlomo;
• ukungena kwangaphakathi / kwesisu;
• ukushaya indlwabu;
• Imibala.

Izibonelo ze-paraphilia:

• nesithakazelo socansi emcimbini, i-coprophilia;
• okuthandwa ngabantu abakhubazekile ngokomzimba;
• nesithakazelo socansi kwizingxenye ze-BDSM.

Cishe ngokushesha le ncazelo yahlushwa kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko ngokungaqondakali kwezinye izingxenye zayo. Ngakho uCharles Moser wathola kungalungile ukwenza incazelo ngalokho okungekho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabonisa ukuthi umqondo we "phenotypically subject subject" awunacacile (isibonelo, akucaci ukuthi into enjalo ingowesifazane oye wahlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa epulasitiki).

Isazi sezocansi sibheka okungalungile kanye nokubonakaliswa kobulili kulo mbhalo. Ngakho-ke ngokusho kwencazelo ye-DSM-5, isifiso somfazi sokulalela umuntu embhedeni kuwumkhuba, futhi okuphambene nokuphambuka. Kuyafana nesifiso sokusebenzisa ingubo yokugqoka enhle. Ngokuvamile, uCharles Moser unombono wokuthi umngcele othize phakathi kwe-normophilia ne-paraphilia kuphela ngenxa yemikhuba yezinkolelo nezenkolo futhi kusukela ekubonweni kwezokwelapha ayikho.

Kodwa kufanele kuhlukaniswe i-paraphilia kusuka enkingeni ye-paraphilic. Uma owokuqala inesithakazelo kuphela kumafomu angajwayelekile kanye nezindlela zobungane obuseduze, ke owesibili yisifo, futhi sibonakala ngokuba khona kokuthembela. Ngokwenzayo, kubonakala kanje: uma i-BDSM yama-amateur ingenza ngaphandle kwayo, yi-paraphilia. Uma ukwaneliseka kungenzeka kuphela ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesigaba se-BDSM, le disabulence disorder.

Ukuhlukana kobulili

Lolu hlobo lokuphambukela emazingeni ajwayelekile abamukelekile lubangela ukusabela okungaqondakali kakhulu emphakathini. Kusukela lapho umntwana ezalwa, izici ezithile kanye nokubuka umhlaba jikelele kufundiswa, okuhloswe ukugcina ukulinganisa indlela yakhe yokuziphatha ngokobulili nokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke amantombazane asuka ekutholeni amantombazane asebancane abathanda ukugqoka, imihlobiso kanye nokwenza. Kubafana - ezembathweni eziqinile, zezemidlalo noma ze-paramilitary.

Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kungezwani ngokubukeka kuqiniswa umehluko ekuziphatheni nasekubhekeni okubalulekile. Uma kwenzeka owesifazane enza izinyathelo ezithinta ngokuqondile umlingiswa wesilisa ocansini noma ngokuphambene nalokho, lokhu kuwukuhlukana kobulili. Ifomu layo elibi kakhulu ukuvela komuntu njengomuntu oguquguqukayo noma ushintsho ngocansi ngendlela yokuhlinzwa. Abaningi bathambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi lezi ziphutha zanamuhla, izici kuphela zesikhathi sethu.

Ukuphambukiswa kokuxhumana

Izinkinga zokuxhumana, okungukuthi, ukwephulwa kokuxhumana, yilokhu:

1. I-Autism . Primary - congenital - ibonakalisa ebuntwaneni bese ihlala isikhathi eside. I-Secondary - etholakalayo - ingase ivele ngemuva kokuba isesimweni esicindezelayo noma ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zokukhulelwa. Lezi zinhlobo zokuphambuka zibhekene nesifiso esiqaphelayo sokuba yedwa, ukungakwazi ukugcina ubuhlobo obusondelene nokuxhumana nabantu abangabazi.
2. Ukuvumelana nezimo . Umphikisi we-autism. Umuntu ohlukumezekayo ufuna ukuxhumana nabantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka njengesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokungazi ukuthi ungazibekezelela kanjani unesizungu.
3. Phobias (ukwesaba) . Kukholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu unokungenani oyedwa. Abanye babo bacindezela kakhulu ukuxhumana. Isibonelo u-ereytofobiya (ukwesaba ukuxubha esidlangalaleni) noma ukugxeka (ukwesaba ukungabi nalutho).

Ukuphambuka - amahlelo

Enye yezinkinga ezaziwayo zomphakathi wamanje yilelihlelo. Abantu baphoqeleka ukuba bahambe lapho ngezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezingqondweni. Isibonelo, i-autism, ukuziphatha okungafani nabanye, njll. Kusuka emaqenjini ahlukene amacembu kanje.

1. Ukukhulekela phambi komholi ongokomoya (umuntu).
2. Isakhiwo esiqinile esizimele. Ngisho noma ukukhona kwayo akungaziwa kumalungu ajwayelekile omphakathi
3. Isifiso sokulawula ngokugcwele impilo yamalungu wehlelo.

Ukuphuka kokudla

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezaziwa kakhulu zezifo zokudla: i-anorexia ne-bulimia. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela yokuziphatha ehambayo yanamuhla, kodwa icala lokuqala lo-anorexia lirekhodiwe ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17.

1. I-Anorexia . Isifiso sokuvimbela ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba nganoma iyiphi indlela, kuze kufike ukwenqaba kokudla kokuphelele.
2. Bulimia . Kufana ne-anorexia, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa nokuphazamiseka okungalawulwayo kokudla ngokweqile.

Ukuphambene - ukuphuza ngokweqile

Ukuxhomekeka ngokwemvelo kokuphuza utshwala, okuholela ekupheleni kokuzibulala. Izidakamizwa, njengombuso, ziphika ukuthi kukhona inkinga futhi ziqinisekile ukuthi zingakwazi ukubhekana nazo nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Okunye ukwehluka komuntu noma izici zomzimba zomuntu kuholela ekusungulweni kokuxhomeka kotshwala .

Imiphumela yokuphambuka

Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kungukuphambene nokujwayelekile. Kodwa uma kubonakala sengathi kulungile, okuthinta umphakathi, ukwephulwa kuba yinto evamile, futhi ohlukumezayo ungumsizi. Ukuphutha okungalungile kuvame ukuholela ekujezisweni noma ekulahlweni komphakathi. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile kungenzeka.