Ukuntula i-anemia ye-B12 kuvela ngokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 emzimbeni. Loluhlobo lwe-anemia luya kancane kancane, ngokuvamile luguga futhi luvame kakhulu emadodeni, kodwa izifo zezifo ziyabonakala kwabesifazane. Ukuntula i-anemia ye-B12 kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoba kuthinta izinhlelo zokugaya nokuphazamiseka, futhi kuphazamise umsebenzi we-hematopoietic womzimba.
Izimbangela ze-B12 ukuntuleka kwe-anemia
Kunezimbangela eziningi zalesi sifo, okubandakanya zonke izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka komgudu wamathumbu, ukuguga nokuvinjelwa kwevithamini ekudleni. Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-B12 ukuntuleka kwe-anemia:
- ukungabi namavithamini, okuza nokudla;
- ukugula kwesikhathi eside;
- ukuthatha imithi ehlisa izinga levithamini emzimbeni;
- i-gastroectomy;
- I-Helminthiasis (ukutheleleka nge-tapeworms);
- ukuphazanyiswa kokusebenza kwesisu ngenxa yobuthi;
- umdlavuza wesisu;
- ifa le-anemia;
- isisindo se-autoimmune sesici sangaphakathi se-Kastla noma amaseli we-parietal.
Izimpawu ze-B12 ukuntuleka kwe-anemia
Izimpawu zika-vitamin B12 ukuntuleka kwe-anemia zifana nalabo abonakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia:
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukuphefumula;
- i-palpitation;
- ubuhlungu emilenzeni, ngezinye izikhathi ngolimi;
- isiyezi;
- ukukhathala ngokushesha ;
- ukungafuni ukusebenza;
- umbala wesikhumba se-icteric;
- i-glossitis (ulimi olubushelelezi);
- i-tachycardia ;
- ukwanda ngobukhulu besipelingi nesibindi;
- i-polyneuritis;
- i-atrophy noma i-muscle sensitivity disorder;
- ngezinye izikhathi ukungasebenzi kahle lapho uhamba (ngezinye izikhathi ukukhubazeka emaphethelweni aphansi).
Ukuxilongwa kwe-B12 ukuntuleka kwegazi
Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kuqhutshwa ngokuhlanganyela yi-neurologist, i-hematologist, i-gastroenterologist ne-nephrologist. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuningi:
- Ukunquma ukulahlekelwa i-anemia ye-B12, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, inani lemvelo kanye ne-biochemical, futhi inani lavithamini B12 kule serum liyathathwa.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwama-urine ekunqumeni kwe-methylmalic acid kuwo, okuyinto emazingeni aphezulu kwenza kube nzima ukumnika i-vitamin B12 zibe izicubu namaseli.
- Indlela yokugcoba ama-smears emathambo wesinwe nge-alizarin obomvu isetshenziswa. Ngokuntuleka kwe-folic acid ne-vitamin B12 emnothweni we-bone, ama-megaloblasts akhiwa, futhi azokwenziwa ngale ndlela.
- I-aspiration ye-aspiration yamarrow bone ingenziwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlaziywa, i-ultrasound yesigxobo sesisu nayo ingenziwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-B12 ukuntuleka kwe-anemia
Okokuqala, isiguli sinconywa ukuba sibuyekeze ukudla kwakhe, sikhulise okuqukethwe kwamavithamini adingekayo nezakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenqaba utshwala kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuphulukisa i-anemia ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukudla okunamavithamini.
Isisekelo sokwelapha i-anemia ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwe-vitamin B12 ezingeni elidingekayo. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuyijova ngokusebenzisa umjovo we-intramuscular. Kulesi simo, uma izinga lensimbi lalingenalutho ngokwanele noma elingaphansi ngenxa yokungena kwe-vitamin B12, khona-ke amalungiselelo anqunywe ngaphezu kwalokho anezinsimbi.
Uma kukhona usongo lwe-coma e-anemic (enezinga eliphansi kakhulu le-hemoglobin egazini), ukukhishwa kwe-erythrocyte kwenziwa.
Uma imbangela ye-B12 yokuntula i-anemia ukutheleleka komzimba one-helminths, ukukhwabanisa kuqhutshwa nokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle kwamathumbu.
Izinkinga ze-B12 ukuntuleka kwe-anemia
Le-anemia ibangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngendlela yokuguqulwa kwesishukela, ngoba isimiso sezinzwa kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo sizwela kakhulu ngokuntuleka kwevithamini B12. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.