Kuyini umuntu - izingqondo zezazi zefilosofi nezangqondo zakudala zazama ukuthola ukuthi kumuntu kunjani ukuthi kungachazwa njengesenzakalo esinikeziwe, njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside saziwa ukuthi umuntu akazalwa, kodwa uba. Umlobi waseRussia u-Bryusov wakhuluma ngobuntu njengobuyingqayizivele bomuntu ngamunye ekufaneni kwangaphandle nabanye.
Kuyini ubuntu bomuntu?
Kuyini umuntu - incazelo yalo mqondo iningi futhi ingaba kanje: "ubuntu" - umthwali wesimiso somuntu ngamunye, oziveza ekusebenzisaneni nomphakathi futhi ekhulumisana nokuxhumana nabanye. Kuyini ubuntu obugcwele? Ukuba umuntu onjalo - kuhilela ukungena ebuhlotsheni nokufeza izindima zakho zomphakathi, ukuhlonipha abantu nokubona kuwo wonke umuntu umuntu.
Umqondo wobuntu ku-psychology
Igama elithi "ubuntu" livela lat. persona - i-mask egqoke umlingisi wezemidlalo yasendulo yamaGreki. Kubonakala sengathi umuntu uhlobo oluthile lwe "mask" lapho umuntu egqoka khona lapho engena emphakathini. Le ncazelo yaveza izici ezihlukahlukene ezifiselekayo emphakathini ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- ukuheha ngokomzimba;
- i-charm;
- isihlonzi ;
- ukuthandwa;
- isimo.
Kuyini ubuntu ekuziphatheni kwengqondo - izikhombandlela ezahlukene zesayensi yezokwelapha kuchaza futhi ubone "ubuntu" ngokusekelwe kohlaka lwenkolelo yabo, kodwa kulo lonke lo mqondo ungachazwa kanje:
- ubuntu - umuntu onesethi yezimpawu zengqondo, imikhuba kanye nezici ezikhethekile kuye kuphela;
- ubuntu - into yelingo lomphakathi elilawula impilo yalo, liyakwazi ukwakha imisebenzi yalo futhi libophezele ngokugcwele amagama namazwi ayo
Ukwakhiwa kobuntu ku-psychology
Imibono yabantu ekuziphendukeni kwengqondo iye yabhekana nezinkinga zokuhlelwa kobuntu kanye nezici ezingokwengqondo ezingezansi, eziningi zazo, eziyinkimbinkimbi yokuphikisana kwabacwaningqondo bezingxube ezahlukene mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwezici zezenhlalakahle neziphilayo ekuziphatheni komuntu, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo sobuntu kufakazela futhi kukhanyisa kakade okukhona .
Isakhiwo somuntu nguK.K. I-Platonov inezingxenye ezine:
- I-Biopsychic - imvelo , isithunzi, ubulili kanye neminyaka yobudala.
- I-Psychological - izici ngabanye ngezinqubo zokucabanga, izinkulumo zomzwelo nemizwa.
- Ezenhlalakahle - isipiliyoni esikhulayo sokuxhumana nomphakathi, ukutholakala kwamakhono namakhono athile.
- Ukugqugquzela - ukuqondiswa komuntu ngamunye, okuhlanganisa ukubuka umhlaba kanye nokubuka umhlaba, izinkolelo nezimiso, izintshisekelo nokuzibeka.
Isakhiwo sobuntu bukaFreud:
- I-Id (i-Ono) - engokwemvelo, izici ezingokwemvelo ezisebenza ngokungenalwazi (ukudla, ukulala, ubulili). I-Id iyisimo esingenangqondo, esingenangqondo sengqondo.
- I-ego (I) ikhula ngaphandle kwe-Eid futhi ifuna ukuthola izifiso ezivela kuso. I-ego inesibopho sokwenza izinqumo futhi ihlangana phakathi kwe-Id nomphakathi lapho imikhawulo isebenza khona. I-ego ithembele esimisweni sangempela futhi ifuna ukugcwaliseka kwezifiso ezindleleni ezifinyeleleka.
- I-superego (i-Self ngenhla ) ihlonywa ngenqubo yokuzijabulisa - isici sokuziphatha nesimilo sobuntu kufaka hlangana unembeza nesimo esihle. Unembeza ukhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya labazali, ujezisa ngokungalaleli, futhi i-ego-ideal ikhula, ngokuphambene - kusuka ekuvunyweni.
Izinhlobo zobuntu ku-psychology
I-typology yobuntu ku-psychology yakhelwe ekunikezelweni kwezici ezithile izici zomuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa ngeziqephu zibe yizinhlobo eziningi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke izigaba zinemibandela futhi zibonisa kuphela inani elilinganiselwe, ngakho-ke azikho izinhlobo ezihlanzekile, umuntu uzibona echazwe ngendlela echazwe okuthile okuhambisana nesimo sakhe esichazayo, ngandlela-thile kancane.
Uhlobo lomuntu ngobumnene (umsunguli weHippocrates):
- ukuncibilikisa - ukubhekana nokucindezeleka, imizwa ecindezelekile;
- i-sanguine - i- optimist ejabule, elinganiselayo, esebenzayo futhi njalo efuna umsebenzi;
- i-choleric - "uhlobo lwe-bilious" elinomlingiswa okhanyayo, ovame ukuqhuma kwentukuthelo nokuhlukunyezwa;
- uhlobo lwe- phlegmatic - olulinganiselayo, oluzolile, olujwayele ukuphuza, inertia, hhayi imizwelo nemizwa.
Izinhlobo zobuntu Holland:
- ezenhlalakahle - okuhloselwe ukuxhumana nomphakathi;
- isinyathelo - umholi womuntu, obizwa ngokuthi uyathonya, uhole iqembu;
- Ubuciko - ukuheha, ukugqugquzela nokukhupha imizwa nemizwelo;
- isazi-ososayensi, umcwaningi wezinqubo ezahlukene zemvelo, izinto, izenzakalo;
- isilondolozi - isakhiwo sithandwa, uhlelo lwe-systematization;
- okuyiqiniso - indoda yokugcina impahla yobuchwepheshe, idala noma isebenza ngezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe.
Izici zobuntu ku-psychology
Uyini umazisi uma ngikuchaza ezindaweni? Izinto ezisemqoka zobuntu be-psychology zichaza izakhiwo njengezinto ezizinzile ze-psyche, ezithinta umsebenzi wabantu futhi ziwuphawu oluvela eceleni. Izakhiwo zomuntu yizi:
- ukuqondisa - ubunye bezisusa, izifiso, izifiso, izenzo ezibhekiswe emgomweni;
- izidingo - lokho okudingwa yilowo muntu, ukuphoqa ukuthi enze okuthile ukuze anelise lezi zidingo zezinto eziphathekayo noma ezingokomoya;
- isisusa - isisusa sangaphakathi somuntu ukufeza isenzo, okuqukethwe kwesisusa kuncike ezimweni zomgomo.
Izindlela zokutadisha ubuntu ekuziphatheni kwengqondo
Inkinga yobuntu ekukhuleni kwengqondo yavela ekubeni zonke izindlela zibonisa inani elilinganiselwe kuphela, futhi isifundo ngasinye sinomsebenzi kanye nenzuzo. Ubuntu bomuntu bubuningi futhi abukwazi ukufakwe kunoma yiluphi uhlaka oluthile, olubekwe ngezindlela ezahlukene, ukuhlolwa nokucwaninga, ngakho umsebenzi wokuzikhomba ukuthambekela, amakhono kanye nezici.
Izindlela zokucwaninga komuntu:
- Ukuqaphela . Umvelo utholakala ezimweni zangempela zokuphila. Insimu - ithatha izimo zohlolo ngaphakathi komsebenzi othize.
- Ukuphenya (interview) . Imibuzo ekhethekile ehlelekile - engakhiwe ngokusekelwe emibuzweni evulekile, ikhuthaza okuningi ukukhuluma ngabo .
- Izivivinyo eziqinisekisiwe . Ukutadisha izimfanelo kusekelwe ezimpendulo zemibuzo mayelana nokuhlolwa ("yebo", "cha", "Angazi").
- Ukuhlolwa . Le ndlela isetshenziswe kaningi eqenjini futhi ihlala ilandela umsebenzi othile, isibonelo, ukutadisha ubuntu esimweni sokuphikisana.
- Indlela yokuhlanganisa . Ukusungula ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinguquko. Le ndlela isisiza ukukhomba ubuhlobo bese uphendula imibuzo ebuzwayo.
- Izindlela zokuhlela . Inombolo yabo ehlukahlukene: ukuhlolwa kwesithombe nokuhlanganiswa, indlela yamazwi angaqediwe.
Kuyini ukuthuthukiswa komuntu?
Ubani ubuntu obunamandla - lo mbuzo usetshenziswa abantu abaqala endleleni yokuzivuselela nokwazi, abanquma ukufeza imigomo yabo. Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu kuqala ebuntwaneni futhi kuxhomeke ekulimeni nasekukhuthazeni izimfanelo ezithile kumuntu, le nqubo isekelwe kwimfundo nokuqeqesha. Ubuntu obuvumelanayo buqala ngokujulile: ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokuziphatha nangokomoya.
Kuyini ukuhlanganiswa komuntu ngamunye?
I-Psychological Personality ixhunyaniswe ngokuzibandakanya ne-socialalization, emele inqubo yokubambisana komuntu ngamunye wezinkambiso, imithetho, imiyalelo kanye nemigomo yomphakathi kanye nomthelela womuntu emphakathini ngendlela yokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene nokukhula komuntu siqu kwamagugu akhe. Isimo somphakathi somuntu siyinto edlala indima enkulu ekuhlalisaneni kwabantu, echaza ukufakwa kwayo eqenjini elithile lomphakathi, noma emphakathini - kungaba khona izimo eziningi.
Kuyini ukuphazamiseka komuntu?
I-psychology yobuntu bomuntu ngeke iphelele uma ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okugcwele, okuvumelanayo kungathinteka. Ngezizathu eziningana, kukhona ukuphambuka okuvamile, okucatshangwa yizifo zengqondo njengesiyaluyalu noma i-psychopathology. Ngesinye isikhathi imibono yokujwayelekile neyokukhubazeka ibonakala. Ukuphazamiseka komuntu kubangela ukuhlakazeka komphakathi nokubhujiswa kwesakhiwo somuntu.
Kuyini ubuntu bomkhawulo
I-dissociative disorder noma ubuntu obuningi - i-psychopathology, lapho abantu abaningana bahlala khona emzimbeni womuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo uBilly Milligan owaziwayo, "obenabo" abantu abangu-24, ababili babo abaziphatha kabi. Kuyini ubuntu obuhlukanisayo - izimpawu:
- ukutholakala kobuntu ababili noma ngaphezulu ngaphakathi komuntu;
- Umuntu ngamunye unezici zakhe siqu, inkumbulo, futhi akwazi ngokukhona komunye, lokhu kuchaza ukuhluleka kwimemori ngesikhathi "ukuthunjwa" nokulawula omunye wabuntu;
- futhi ubudala, inani labantu liyakhula.
Kuyini ukuhlazeka kobuntu?
Amakhono omuntu ekufundeni kwengqondo acindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwawo, okuhambisana nezici zemvelo nemvelo. Ubuntu obugcwele buhlala bukhona ekuthuthukisweni. Ubani ubuntu ekwenzeni ukuchithwa? Ukuchithwa kwemvelo kuyindlela yokwelashwa kwamakhono, amakhono, imisebenzi, ukuhlukumeza imizwelo nemizwa. Ikhula kancane kancane, isigaba sokugcina sokuchithwa yi- marasmus . Izimbangela:
- ukuphuza utshwala, ukulutha izidakamizwa;
- ukugula ngengqondo;
- ukulimala okukhulu kwe-craniocerebral;
- ukuguqula iminyaka yobudala.