Nkosi Shiva - izimpawu zobunkulunkulu nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani?

UNkulunkulu udansa yonke indawo. Hlanzeka njenge-camphor, ezinkulu futhi ezesabekayo, zibhubhisa izinkanyezi ngokufutheka kwayo, zihawukele bonke abampofu - konke lokhu, uMahadev ophikisanayo. Nkosi Shiva - ohlala eKhalalas engcwele entabeni, endala kunkulunkulu onkulunkulu bamaHindu, futhi iShaivism ingenye yezinkolo ezihlonishwa kakhulu eNdiya.

Shiva - ngubani lo?

Ezingqungqutheleni zamaHindu, kunomqondo we-Trimurti, noma i-Divine Triad, ejwayelekile ehlanganisa ukubonakaliswa okuyisisekelo okuyinhloko kweLowo oPhakeme kakhulu: uBrahma (umdali wendawo yonke) - uVishnu (umgcini) Shiva (umbhubhisi). Ekuhunyushweni okusuka eSanskrit eShiva kuyinto "enomusa," "okuhle-natured," "enobungane." ENdiya, unkulunkulu uShiva ungomunye wabathandekayo futhi ohlonishwayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukumbiza akuyona inzima, uMahadev kubo bonke uya ekuhlanguleni, unkulunkulu onesihe kakhulu. Esibonisweni esiphezulu, umuntu ubeka isimiso sesilisa se-cosmic nokuqonda okuphakeme komuntu.

Umbhalo ongcwele weShiva Purana umele uShiva, onamagama angu-1008 avela lapho uNkulunkulu ebonakala kubantu abahlukahlukene. Ukuphindaphinda kwamagama kaShiva - kusula ingqondo futhi kuqinise umuntu ngezinhloso ezinhle. Okudumile kunazo zonke:

• I-Pashupati (enye yamandulo kakhulu) yimbusi noyise wezilo;
• U-Rudra (onolaka, obomvu) - ubeka umuntu othukuthele, uletha izifo, kodwa uyaphulukisa;
• UMahadev nguye omkhulu kunazo zonke, unkulunkulu wabonkulunkulu;
• Mahesvara - iNkosi enkulu;
• Nataraja - Shiva iyinkosi ehlukahlukene yokudansa;
• Shambhu - uletha injabulo;
• U-Ishra uyinkosi ngenkazimulo yaphezulu;
• I-Kamari ingumbhubhisi wezifiso;
• I-Maha Yogi - i-Great Yogi, ihlanganisa umoya wokuzikhethela (ohlonishwa yizo zonke ze-yogis zomhlaba);
• Hara ungumbhubhisi;
• I-Triyambaka inamehlo amathathu.

I-hypostasis yabesifazane yaseShiva

Ingxenye engakwesokunxele yomzimba kaShiva imelela amandla esifazane (asebenzayo) e-Shakti. I-Shiva ne-Shakti ayinakuhlukaniswa. Unkulunkulukazi onamakhemikhali uShiva-Shakti onguhlobo lukaKali ungowesifazane obulalayo we-hypostasis wamandla okubhubhisa eShiva. E-India, uKali ungcwele, isithombe sakhe sesabisa: isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ulimi olubomvu lwegazi oluphuma ngaphandle, igundane lama-skulls angu-50 (ukuphindukuzalwa). Ngakolunye uhlangothi inkemba, enhloko yesibili ekhishwe nguMahisha, umholi we-asuras. Ezinye izandla ezimbili zibusisa abalandeli futhi zixoshe ukwesaba. U-Kali - umvelo-Umama udala futhi ubhubhise yonke into emdansweni wakhe othukuthele nobudlova.

Uphawu lweShiva

Izithombe zeMahadev zigcwele izimpawu eziningi, yonke imininingwane yokubukeka kwayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu uphawu lukaShiva - lingam. E-Shiva Purana, i-lingam iyi-phallus yaphezulu, umthombo wazo zonke ezikhona endaweni yonke. Uphawu lusekelwe esihlokweni se- yoni (isibeletho) - ukukhetha iParvati, oshade naye noMama wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ezinye izimpawu-izimpawu zikaNkulunkulu zibalulekile:

1. Amehlo amathathu kaShiva (i-Sun, i-Moon, i-Symbole yoMlilo) avulekile-ukugeleza kokuphila, lapho izinkophezelo zivalekile, zibhujiswa, khona-ke izwe liyakhiwa kabusha, amehlo avulekile - umjikelezo omusha wokuphila emhlabeni.
2. Izinwele - zanyuka zibe yisigxobo sikaJatu, inyunyana yamandla emzimbeni, engqondweni, engokomoya; Inyanga ezinwele - ukulawula phezu kwengqondo, uMfula iGanges - usuka ezonweni.
3. I-Damaru (isigubhu) i-awakening yendawo yonke, umsindo we-cosmic. Ngesandleni sokunene saseShiva, umuntu owenza umzabalazo ngokungazi unikeza ukuhlakanipha.
4. I-Cobra - ehlanganiswe entanyeni: edlule, yamanje, ikusasa - iphakade ngesikhathi esisodwa.
5. I-Trident (trishula) - isenzo, ulwazi, ukuvusa.
6. I-Rudraksha (iso likaRudra) ngumgodi wezithelo zomuthi ovuthiwe, isihawu nokudabuka ngabantu.
7. I-Tilaka (triphpur), umzila womlotha kathathu ebunzini, umphimbo kanye zombili amahlombe kuwuphawu lokunqoba ulwazi lwamaqiniso ngawe, amaMaya (ukucabanga) kanye nesimo se-karma.
8. UBull Nandi ungumngane othembekile, uphawu lomhlaba namandla, imoto yobunkulunkulu.
9. Isikhumba se-tiger sinqoba ukunxanela.

Shiva ivele kanjani?

Ukuzalwa kukaShiva kugcwele izifihlakalo eziningi, imibhalo yasendulo yeShivaite Puranas ichaza izinguqulo eziningana zokuvela kobuNkulunkulu:

1. Ngesikhathi sokubukeka kukaBrahma kusukela enkabayeni ka- Vishnu , amademoni ayeseduze futhi azama ukubulala uBrahma, kodwa uVishnu wayethukuthele, uShiva ophethe izikhali eziningi wabonakala kusukela phakathi kwe-brow kanye ne-asuras babulawa yi-trident.
2. UBrahma wayenamadodana amane angafuni ukuba nenzalo, khona-ke ingane enekhanda elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivele phakathi kwamashiya ezingane zaseBrahma ezithukuthele. Umfana wakhala futhi wabuza igama, isimo senhlalo. UBrahma wamnika amagama angu-11, amabili awo ayenguRudra noShiva. Izinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, omunye wabo, uShiva - unkulunkulu ohloniphekile ovela emkhosini omkhulu, kanye noBrahma noVishnu.
3. UBrahma, ekuzindleni okujulile, wacela ukuvela kwendodana, okufana nokukhulu. Umfana wakhothama eceleni kweBrahma futhi waqala ukugijima azungeze uMdali ukucela igama. Rudra! "UBrahma uthe, kodwa lokho kwakunganele ingane, wagijima wamemeza waze uBrahma wamnika amagama angama-10 amaningi.

Umama Shiva

Imvelaphi yeShiva emithonjeni ehlukene ishiwo ngokujwayelekile negama likaVishnu noBrahma. Ukufunda uShaivism kanye negama elihlotshaniswa nomqambi-Nkulunkulu, buza mayelana nomama kaShiva. Ungubani? Emibhalweni engcwele yasendulo eyifinyelele kubantu, ayikho igama le-hypostasis yamazinyanekazikazikazikazi ongeke ahlangane nokuzalwa kweMahadev omkhulu. U-Shiva uqobo ozalwa kusukela ebusweni bomdali weBrahma, akanakho umama.

Yini eyingozi kuShiva unkulunkulu?

Imvelo kaMahadeva ibili: umdali ochithayo. Indawo yonke ekupheleni komjikelezo kumele ibhujiswe, kepha uma uShiva engunkulunkulu ethukuthele, izingozi zomhlaba zizobhujiswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngakho kwathi lapho umkaSati eshiswa emlilweni. UShiva wadala unkulunkulu wegazi. Inkosikazi uSiva enezikhali eziningi e-hypostasis yaseVirohadra yabuye yakhiqizwa ngezinkulungwane ezinjengaye futhi yafika esigodlweni sikababa kaDadshi (uSati) ukuze enze intukuthelo. Umhlaba "wagwinywa" egazini, i-Sun yaphela, kodwa lapho intukuthelo idlula uShiva yavuselela bonke abafileyo, esikhundleni senhloko ekhishwe eDadsha yafaka ikhanda lembuzi.

Unkosikazi unkulunkulu uShiva

U-Shakti ungamandla wesifazane, ahlukekile kusuka eShiva, ngaphandle kwalo nguBrahman, ongenazo izimfanelo. UmkaShiva nguShakti emzimbeni wesintu. USati ubhekwa njengowesifazane wokuqala, ngenxa yokuhlazeka kukababa wakhe uDadva nokuhlonishwa kukaShiva, wazinikela ngokuzibulala. U-Sati wazalwa kabusha eParvati, kodwa uMahadev wadabuka kangangokuthi wayengafuni ukuphuma ekuzindleni iminyaka eminingi. I-Parvati (Uma, Gauri) yenza inselelo ejulile kunokunqoba unkulunkulu. Ezingxenyeni zayo ezibhubhisayo, iParvati imelwe onkulunkulukazi uKali, Durga, Shyama, Chanda.

Izingane zeShiva

Umndeni waseShiva uwuhlobo lukaShankar, okuyizinto ezizikhathalelayo emhlabeni. Izingane zeShiva neParvati zikwazi ukulinganisa izinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya:

1. U-Skanda (Kartikeya) indodana kaShiva - unkulunkulu wempi eyisithupha, wazalwa enamandla kangangokuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-6 anqoba i-asura Tarak.
2. UGanesha ungunkulunkulu onhloko yendlovu, uhlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wengcebo.
3. Indodakazi kaNarmada kaShiva ngomqondo ongokwemvelo: lapho ezindla ngokujulile egqumeni lase-Armakut, uMahadev wahlukanisa naye ingxenye yamandla aguqulwa abe yiNarada, intombi engcwele yamaHindu.

Imithetho yeShiva

Kunezinkolelo eziningi kanye nezinganekwane mayelana neShiva enkulu, esekelwe ematheksthini angcwele kumibhalo yamaHindu eMahabharata, Bhagavad-gita, Shiva Purana. Enye yalezi zindaba ithi: lapho ehamba nelwandle lolwandle, isitsha esinobuthi sakhula kusuka ekujuleni kwayo. Onkulunkulu babesaba ukuthi ubuthi buyobhubhisa konke ukuphila. UShiva, ngenxa yokuzwela, ephuza ubuthi, uParvati wambamba ngentamo ukuvimbela i-potion ukuba ingene ngaphakathi kwesisu. Intamo eluhlaza enobuthi kaSiva eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - iNilakantha (sineshey), yaba elinye lamagama kaNkulunkulu.

Shiva eBuddhism - kunenganekwane ngalokhu, okusho ukuthi kwesinye sezimo zakhe uBuddha (Namparzig) wafunda ngesiprofetho: uma ephinde ebonakala ngesimo seBodhisattva - lokhu ngeke kuzuze umhlaba, kodwa kungenwa yiMahadev - kuyoba khona indawo enkulu kuhle. E-Tibetan Buddhism, uShiva ungumvikeli wezimfundiso futhi wenza umkhuba wokuthi "Ukuqaliswa kweShiva."