Uma umuntu ebuzwa ukuba azi igama lezinzwa eziyaziwayo, cishe, uzobe ehlwini ngalolu daba. Ngokuvamile sikhumbula ukubuka, iphunga, ukuzwa nokuthinta. Empeleni, izwe lezinzwa zethu likhulu kakhulu. Uzofunda mayelana nezinhlobo, izindawo kanye namaphethini okuzwela komuntu kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho, uyini umuzwa? Lena inqubo yengqondo ebonisa izakhiwo zomuntu ngamunye nezinto ezizungezile lapho zithinta ngokuqondile izitho ezithile zomqondo. Esikhathini sokuzwa uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa luhlale luhilelekile.
Izinhlobo nezindawo zokuzwa
Ngokwesiko, zonke izinhlobo zokuzwa zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:
I- Exteroceptive. Loluhlobo lwezinzwa luvela uma isenzo sangaphandle sisebenza ezindlini zokuthola, okungukuthi, kusinika umbono wezithombe zezwe langaphandle. Kuye ngezici zezinhlobo zomuntu ngamunye, izinzwa ezithintekayo zihlukaniswe zibe othintana nokuzwa okude.
Izinhlobo zezinzwa zokuxhumana zifaka:
- tactile noma tactile. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwezinzwa, singakwazi ukunquma ngokuthinteka, ukubhebhezela noma ukukhwabanisa kwephepha, isinambitheka noma esinzima kwesinkwa, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yithinta ukuthi "isitshela" mayelana nendlela yokuxhumana komzimba wethu ngendawo ethile: ukuhambisa, ukukhathala, ukucindezela, njll;
- lokushisa. Lolu hlobo lwenzwa lwaklanyelwe ukuhlinzekela umzimba, ngoba sizwa izinguquko zokushisa;
- ukuzwa okubuhlungu akugcini nje "ukusitshela" ngemikhiqizo, imishini kagesi noma yamakhemikhali yezinto ezizungezile, kodwa futhi yenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela, ukufakazela emzimbeni ukuthi uhlangabezane nengozi nokulimaza;
- ukunambitheka. Loluhlobo lwenzwa luncike esimweni somzimba. Isibonelo, umuntu olambile uyabona amaswidi ngaphezulu kakhulu. Futhi ukunambitheka okunjalo njenge-tartness, sharpness noma spice kuphakama ngenxa yokuxhumana nezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa: izinga lokushisa, izidakamizwa noma izintambo.
Izinhlobo zezinzwa ezikude zifaka:
- okubukwayo. Ngosizo lombono, sithola ingxenye enkulu yomqondo womhlaba, futhi izinga lokubona, ubukhali balo nokuzwela ekukhanyeni kuxhomeke kuhlobo luni lwesithombe ebuchosheni bethu;
- ukuhlola. Insimu yokuzwa ikhulu kunaleyo ebonakalayo, ngoba singakwazi ukuzwa okwenzeka ngemuva nangakwesokunxele, ngaphandle kokujika amakhanda ethu. Umhlaba wemisindo ubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu, ngoba ulimi lubeka isisekelo sokushintshaniswa ngolwazi phakathi kwabantu;
- olfactory. Ukungafani kwalolu hlobo lwenzwa yilokho iphunga elilodwa futhi imibono yabo ingahlobene nokudlula komuntu noma izimo zezulu lapho ekhona khona.
2. Ukungahambi kahle. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo zemizwa ephakama lapho isenzo sangaphakathi senziwa, ngoba izitho zokwamukela ngaphakathi zitholakala ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi. Lezi zindlebe zibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, ngoba zikhomba ukungasebenzi kahle emsebenzini wakhe. Ngenxa yokuzwa okungahambi kahle, sinomuzwa wokulamba, ukoma, ubuhlungu bezitho zangaphakathi.
3. Izinzwa zokuzizwa:
- i-static-dynamic. Loluhlobo lwezinzwa luvela ezigumbini ze-vestibular futhi linesibopho sokulinganisela nokusheshisa;
- kinesthesia. Ngenxa yemisindo ye-musculo-articular, singakwazi ukwahlulela ngokunemba kokunyakaza kwethu;
- isidlidliza. Yilolu hlobo lwenzwa olusetshenziswa ngabantu abayizithulu nabangasimungulu, futhi umthombo walokho okukhona kungukushintsha kwengcindezi.
Izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwemizwa
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuphazanyiswa kwezinzwa:
- i-sensory hypopathy - ukwephulwa okuhambisana nokushintsha okubukhali emngceleni wezinzwa, kuyilapho ubuzwe besinciphisa, futhi umuntu uzwa ukuzwa okubuthakathaka okulinganayo, njengokungathi lapho evezwe ekuqotheni okuqinile nokubuthakathaka;
- ukuzwa ukungazweli - ukuzwela. Umuntu ukwandisa ubukhulu bokuzwa ngisho nalapho evelele ebuthakathaka
i-irritants; - i-paresthesia iyinhlobo yokuphazanyiswa kwemizwelo lapho, lapho umuntu engaboni kahle, uzizwa enganaki noma ekhononda ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba.
Yizinhlobonhlobo zokuzwa okufeza umsebenzi oyisisekelo wezwe lethu lokubona, futhi zonke izinhlobo zokuzwa zibhekwa njengengqondo yokubona iqiniso elizungezile. Ngakho-ke, umzimba onempilo ongazizwa ububanzi obuningi bokusebenza kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ubona impilo ngokugcwele nangembile.