Abadali beqiniso be-Great Wall of China bafihla umlando iminyaka eminingi. Funda ngabo namuhla!
Ezinye zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zakha ukukhathazeka nokuhlonipha imiphakathi yasendulo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Isibonelo, i-Great Wall yaseChina, ukwakhiwa kwayo okwaqala ekhulwini le-III BC. futhi ekugcineni wagcwaliswa ngo-1644. Ososayensi basaphikisana ngokuqokwa kwesikhumbuzo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Asia. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, inhlanhla yale mibono ingalindelekile yathola isiqiniseko sangokomlando. Kuvela ukuthi amaShayina azinikeze wona ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi abakhi be-Great Wall yaseChina, bewuthatha eSlav lasendulo.
Kungani inguqulo esemthethweni yokwakhiwa kodonga engasebenzi?
Umbono ovamile, ongasatholakala kunoma yimuphi umlando wamabhuku, uthi izigaba zokuqala zodonga zakhiwe ngo-475-221 BC. Ukwakha isitifiketi esinokwethenjelwa kwamabhuloki amatshe, kuthatha okungenani abantu abayizigidi. Ngemuva kokuba i-Qin Dynasty iqala ukusebenza, leli tshe lafakwa endaweni eyakhiwe yi-adobe: umbusi ngamunye omusha wayekwakhiwa, aguqule futhi axhuma izingxenye ezintsha zodonga. Isiteji esikhulu sokwakhiwa, ngokusho komlando wasendulo, wathatha okungenani iminyaka eyi-10-20. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu bafa ngenxa yindlala, ukungcola okungcolile kanye nezifo zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngo-1366-1644, i-Ming Dynasty yalungisa izingxenye ezidongeni zodonga, zishintsha izitini ezingabizi.
Izazi-mlando ngokwazo zafakazela kuphela iqiniso lokugcina, ngoba amabhalane abaphathi bamaShayina abaMing bagcina amarekhodi ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokwakha. Eminye inganekwane mayelana nokudalwa kwe-Great Wall yaseChina ayibheki lutho ngaphandle kwezinganekwane ezihle ezenzelwe ukwethusa izitha zezwe elinamandla. Kule ndawo, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, inani elikhulu labantu abakwazanga ukuhlala, okuzohambisana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kwezinga elikhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwodonga kufana nezakhiwo zaseYurophu nezindonga zokuvimbezela eSlavic - kodwa abakhi baseChina babengakwazi ukwazi ngobuchwepheshe bokudalwa kwabo. Futhi uma ngaphambilini lokhu kucabanga kubonakala njengenye inguqulo, namhlanje kungatholakali ubufakazi obunzima.
Indaba yangempela ye-Great Wall yaseChina, eyayifihliwe amakhulu eminyaka
Ngokokuqala ngqangi ukucabanga ukuthi udonga alukwakhiwa amaShayina, kodwa ngomunye umuntu, lwaboniswa ngokushesha ezincwadini eziningana zesayensi ngo-2011. Kwesinye sazo kwakukhona ukuphawula ngumongameli we-Academy of Sciences Essential AA Tynyaev, owaba nombono wakhe ngokusuka kweqiniso kwabadali betshe lesikhumbuzo:
"Njengoba sekuyaziwa, enyakatho yensimu yeChina yanamuhla kwakukhona enye, impucuko enkulu kakhulu. Lokhu kugcizelelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe yizinto ezivubukuli ezenziwe, ikakhulukazi ensimini yaseMpumalanga Siberia. Ubufakazi obumangalisayo bale mpucuko, efana ne-Arkaim e-Urals, akuzange nje kufundwe futhi kuqondwe yizesayensi yomlando wezwe, kodwa akuzange kuhlolwe kahle eRussia ngokwayo. Ngokuqondene nodonga olubizwa ngokuthi iShayina, akusilo ngokusemthethweni ukukhuluma ngalo njengokuphumelela impucuko yasendulo yaseChina. Lapha, ukuqinisekisa isiqiniseko sethu sesayensi, kwanele ukubalula iqiniso elilodwa kuphela. "
Yiliphi iqiniso elishiwo usosayensi onamandla, ogama lakhe lingathembeka ngokuphelele? Usibheka njengobufakazi bokuthi amaShayina awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi abadali bodonga, izintambo ezisemkhatsini wocingo. Aqondiswa enyakatho, kodwa eningizimu, okungukuthi, eya eChina! Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanye abantu bakha isithiyo futhi bafaka izikhali kuwo ngokumelene namaShayina, futhi hhayi ukuvikela laba bantu.
Lapha kuyoba okunengqondo ukuchaza ukuthi ngubani ovikela eChina ngosizo lwe-Great Wall. Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa phakathi kwamatshe esisekelo saso bathola izitsha ezinemiqulu nezibhebhe zobumba ezihlotshiswe ngezinhlamvu nemidwebo. Ochwepheshe ekuchazeni abalingiswa baseChina basebenzisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga kulezi zibonakaliso, kodwa abakwazi ukuqonda okungenani okunye okushoyo.
Lezi zincwadi zaba yiSlavic - zingatholakala nakwamanye amabalazwe aseChina, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona amaRussia ngemuva kodonga. URuss wabiza ama-Slavs aseMpumalanga, amathuna angcwatshwe angatholakali nje phakathi nohlangothi oluseNingizimu neRussia nase-Ukraine, kodwa futhi eduze neGreat Wall yaseChina. Ingabe amaShayina angabe esavumelana nesifiso esikhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni wezwe labo?