Kulesi sihloko siye saqoqa ukuzamazama komhlaba okuqine kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu, okuye kwaba yizinhlekelele zomhlaba jikelele.
Ochwepheshe bezinsuku zonke balungiselela ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaba ngu-500 000. Zonke zinamandla ahlukene, kodwa ezimbalwa zazo zibonakala zingokoqobo futhi zidala umonakalo, futhi amayunithi anamandla amakhulu okulimaza.
1. Chile, 22 Meyi 1960
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okubi kakhulu kwenzeka ngo-1960 eChile. Ukuphakama kwalo kwakuyizingalo ezingu-9.5. Izisulu zalesi senzakalo sasingabantu abangu-1655, abangaphezu kuka-3 000 balimala ngokuhlukumezeka okuhlukene, kanti abayizigidi ezingu-2 basala bengenamakhaya! Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi umonakalo ovela kuwo wawuyi $ 550 000 000. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela i-tsunami eyafinyelela eziqhingini zaseHawaii futhi yabulala abantu abangu-61.
2. Tien-Shan, ngoJulayi 28, 1976
Ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba eTien Shan kwaba amaphuzu angu-8.2. Le ngozi eyingozi, ngokusho komthetho osemthethweni, yabiza abantu abangaphezu kuka-250 000, kanti imithombo engavumelekile iyamenyezelwa ku-700 000. Futhi lokhu kungenzeka kube yiqiniso, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba, izakhiwo ezingu-5.6 million zabhujiswa ngokuphelele.
3. Alaska, Mashi 28, 1964
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela ukufa kwabangu-131. Yiqiniso, lokhu akwanele uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-catacsms. Kodwa ubukhulu bezithuthumayo ngalolo suku kwaba amaphuzu angu-9.2, okuholela ekubhujisweni cishe kuzo zonke izakhiwo, kanti umonakalo owenziwe waba ngu-$ 2,300,000,000 (okulungiselelwe ukwehla kwamandla emali).
4. Chile, 27 Febhuwari 2010
Lokhu kungenye ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo eChile okubangele ukulimala okukhulu edolobheni: izigidi izindlu ezonakalisiwe, izindlu eziningi ezikhukhulayo, amabhuloho aphukile kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-1 000 babulawa, abantu abangu-1 200 babengekho, kanti imizi eyizigidi ezingu-1.5 yonakaliswe ngezinga elihlukahlukene. Ukuphakama kwalo kwakuyizingu 8.8. Ngokwezibalo zeziphathimandla zaseChile, inani lemonakalo lingaphezu kwezingu-$ 15,000,000,000.
5. Sumatra, 26 Disemba 2004
Ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba kwaba amaphuzu angu-9.1. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kanye ne-tsunami eyabalandela kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-227,000. Cishe zonke izindlu edolobheni zazilingana nezwe. Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu labahlali bendawo abathintekayo, izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-9 000 zakwamanye amazwe abachitha amaholide abo ezifundeni ezithinteka yi-tsunami zabulawa noma zalahleka.
6. Isiqhingi saseHonshu, Mashi 11, 2011
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwavela esiqhingini saseHonshu, kwazamazama lonke ulwandle lwasempumalanga yeJapane. Emaminithini angu-6 kuphela we-9-point catastrophe, engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-100 okhunjini aphakanyiselwe ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-8 futhi ahlasela iziqhingi ezisenyakatho. Ngisho nesikhukhula samandla enyukliya seFukushima sasilimaza kancane, okwakususa ukukhululwa kwemishini. Iziphathimandla zikhulume ngokusemthethweni ukuthi inani labahlukunyezwa liyi-15 000, izakhamuzi zendawo zithi lezi zibalo zihlaselwa kakhulu.
7. Neftegorsk, Meyi 28, 1995
Ukuzamazama komhlaba eNeftegorsk kwakubukhulu bamaphuzu angu-7.6. Kwabhubhisa ngokuphelele leli dolobha ngemizuzwana engu-17 kuphela! Endaweni eyawela endaweni yengozi, abantu abangu-55 400 babehlala. Kulawa, u-2040 wabulawa futhi u-3197 wasala ngaphandle kokuphahla phezu kwamakhanda abo. I-Neftegorsk yayingabuyiselwa. Abantu abathintekayo bathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo.
8. Alma-Ata, January 4, 1911
Lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kwaziwa kakhulu njengeKemin, ngenxa yokuthi i-epicenter yayo yawela esigodini soMfula iKreatin. Yona enamandla kakhulu emlandweni waseKazakhstan. Isici sesici sale nhlekelele kwakuyisikhathi eside sesigaba sokungena okulimazayo. Ngenxa yalokho, idolobha lase-Almaty laqothulwa ngokuphelele, futhi esifundeni somfula kwakunqamuki okukhulu kwe-relief, ubude obungama-200 km. Kwezinye izindawo kulezi zinsuku zangcwatshwa ngokuphelele ekhaya.
Isifundazwe saseKanto, ngo-September 1, 1923
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaqala ngo-September 1, 1923 futhi kwagcina izinsuku ezingu-2! Njengamanje ngalesi sikhathi, kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-356 kulesi sifundazwe saseJapane, owokuqala kunamandla kakhulu - ukuphakama kwafinyelela ku-8.3 amaphuzu. Ngenxa yenguquko endaweni esolwandle, ibangele amagagasi ama-tsunami angu-12. Ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba eziningi, izakhiwo ezingu-11 000 zabhujiswa, umlilo waqala futhi umoya oqinile wasakaza umlilo ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhiwo ezingu-59 namabhuloho angu-360 ashisa. Inani lokufa kwabantu abangu-174,000 nabangu-542,000 babike ukuthi belahlekile. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1 basala bengenamakhaya.
10. I-Himalaya, ka-Agasti 15, 1950
Kwakukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba endaweni ephakeme yaseTibet. Ukuphakama kwalo kwakuyizingalo ezingu-8.6, futhi amandla ahambisana namandla okuqhuma kwamabhomu ama-athomu angu-100 000. Izindaba zabafakazi bokuzibonela mayelana nalesi sigameko besaba - ukuduma kwamathambo kwavela emathunjini omhlaba, ukuqhutshwa kwamagagasi angaphansi komhlaba kubangele ukuqhuma kwabantu, futhi izimoto zaphonswa kude kwamamitha angu-800. Esinye sezingxenye zendwangu yesitimela sawela phansi emamitha amahlanu. umuntu, kodwa ukulimala kwale nhlekelele kwafinyelela ku-$ 20,000,000.
11. Haiti, 12 Januwari 2010
Amandla okushaqeka okukhulu kwalokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kwakungu-7.1 amaphuzu, kodwa ngemuva kokulandela uchungechunge lwezikhathi zokuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe, ubukhulu bawo obungu-5 noma ngaphezulu amaphuzu. Ngenxa yale nhlekelele, kwafa abantu abangu-220 000 kwathi abangu-300 000 balimala. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1 balahlekelwa amakhaya abo. Umonakalo wezinto ezivela kulolu cala kulinganiselwa ku-5 600 000 000 euros.
12. USan Francisco, ngo-Ephreli 18, 1906
Ukuphakama kwamagagasi ombuso wokuzamazama komhlaba kwakungu-7.7 amaphuzu. Ukuthuthumela kwakunomuzwa wonke eCalifornia. Into ehlukumeza kakhulu ukuthi bavusa ukuvutha komlilo omkhulu, ngenxa yokuthi cishe yonke indawo yaseSan Francisco yabhujiswa. Uhla lwabahlukunyezwe benhlekelele lahlanganisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-3 000. Ingxenye yabantu baseSan Francisco yalahlekelwa izindlu zayo.
13. Messina, Disemba 28, 1908
Kwakungenye yezokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu eYurophu. Yashaya iSicily ne-Italy eningizimu, yabulala abantu abangaba ngu-120 000. I-epicenter eyinhloko yokuzamazama komhlaba, idolobha laseM messina, empeleni labhujiswa. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungamamitha angu-7.5 kwalandelwa i-tsunami eyabulala wonke ogwini. Inani lokufa lalingabantu abangaphezu kuka-150,000.
14. Isifundazwe sase-Haiyuan, ngoDisemba 16, 1920
Lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kwaphumelela kumaphuzu angu-7.8. Kwabhubhisa cishe zonke izindlu emadolobheni aseLanzhou, eTayyuan naseXian. Kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka-230 000. OFakazi bathi amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ayebonakala ngisho nasogwini lwaseNorway.
15. Kobe, 17 Januwari 1995
Lokhu kungenye kokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu eJapane. Amandla akhe kwakungu-7.2 amaphuzu. Amandla okubhubhisa umthelela wale nhlekelele ahlangene nengxenye ebalulekile yabantu belifunda elinabantu abaningi. Kubulawe abantu abangaphezu kuka-5 000 kwathi abangu-26 000 balimala. Inani elikhulu lezizakhiwo lalilingana nomhlabathi. I-US Geological Survey ilinganisela wonke umonakalo we $ 200,000,000.